簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 謝嘉悅
Tse, Ka-Yuet
論文名稱: IB教育哲學對 DP中文B教師職前培育之敘事探究
A Narrative Inquiry into the Effects of IB Philosophy on the Training of Pre-service IBDP Chinese B Teachers
指導教授: 蔡雅薰
Tsai, Ya-Hsun
口試委員: 林振興
Lin, Zhen-Xing
蕭士軒
Hsiao, Shih-Hsuan
蔡雅薰
Tsai, Ya-Hsun
口試日期: 2022/07/08
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 237
中文關鍵詞: IB教育哲學國際文憑大學預科中文B職前教師教師培育敘事探究
英文關鍵詞: IB Educational Philosophy, IBDP Chinese B, Pre-Service Teachers, Teacher Training, Narrative Inquiry
研究方法: 敘事分析
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200888
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:245下載:64
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究聚焦IB教育哲學中國際情懷及IBLP進行探究,發現IB從共善出發,思考我、我與他人、我與世界的課題。希望學習者學習知的能力、學習動手做、學習實現自我從而學會與自己和平相處,推而廣之透過對自身與他人文化的批判性欣賞學會與他人相處、共存、減少偏見。IBO以教學與學習方法指導教師透過課程達到學習者培養目標,幫助學生踏上國際情懷之路。
    中文B作為語言習得領域學科之一,是達致國際文憑培養「善於交流」目標的手段,也是跨文化理解的核心。語言學習可豐富學習者的詞彙與思考,支持學習者創造具有推動力的理由。語言習得回應全球多語教育的浪潮,開拓學習者對世界的理解、支持學習者體驗不同語言習慣下的世界。從而幫助學習者理解其他人,與使用不同語言的人共享想法。中文B教師在設計課程時應考慮如何運用其他類別的學習方法技能加強學習者各項交際能力。
    研究者透過自我述說,探究自身建構IB教育認知的歷程:前三階段建構IB教育哲學與實作中各面向的知識與主題,第四階段以概念的方式重新感知學習者培養目標,展示出對學生的關注。透過理論與經驗的對話,研究者發展出IB教育哲學網狀認知的雛型以及與IB專業的感情聯繫,反映相關機構所提供的教師訓練有效提升研究者的教師專業。
    本研究針對IB職前教師培育提出數項建議:師培機構組建師培生線上分享平台,延長IB培訓時間,師培機構中的教師分享授課反思歷程;職前IB教師應發揮教師能動性,跨項目、跨學科探究IB教育哲學與實作,致力成為探究型教師以提升自身IB教育專業。

    This study focuses on international mindedness and IBLP in IB educational philosophy and finds that IB starts from the common good and emphasizes the connections between individuals, others, and the world. IB expects that learners will acquire the ability to know, learn by doing, learn to have self-fulfillment, to live in peace with themselves, which extends into living with others, coexisting, and reducing prejudice through critical appreciation of their own and other cultures. IBO guides teachers with abilities of teaching and learning methods (ATTs & ATLs) to achieve the goal of learner training through courses, and help students embark on the road of international mindedness.
    As one of the subjects in Language Acquisition, Chinese B is a method to achieve the goal of "communicators" in IBLP, and the core of intercultural competence. Language learning enriches learners' vocabulary and thinking, supporting learners to create reasons to become motivated. Language Acquisition responds to the global wave of multilingual education, expands learners' understanding of the world, and supports learners to experience the world under different linguistic environments. This helps learners understand others and share ideas with people who speak different languages.
    The researcher explored the process of constructing IB education through self-narration: the first three stages constructed knowledge and themes of different aspects of IB educational philosophy and practice, and the fourth stage re-perceived learners' training goals in a conceptual way, focusing attention on students. Through dialogue based on theory and experience, the researcher developed a network-like cognitive prototype of IB educational philosophy and the emotional connection with the IB profession, reflecting that the teacher training provided by the relevant institutions effectively enhances the teaching professionalism of the researcher. At the same time, the researcher also provides the IB community with the perspective of pre-service teachers on the philosophy and practice of IB education.
    This study concludes with the cultivation of IB pre-service teachers with the following suggestions: teacher training institutions establish an online sharing platform for pre-service teachers, extension of the IB training time, sharing the teaching and reflection process by teachers in teacher training institutions; and pre-service teachers should be equipped with teacher agency to have “interprogram” and interdisciplinary exploration of IB philosophy and practice, with the goal of becoming an inquiry-based teacher to improve their professionalism in IB education.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 2 第三節 名詞解釋 3 第二章 文獻探討 5 第一節 IB教育哲學 5 第二節 IBDP中文B 44 第三節 職前教師和職前IB教師的研究 58 第四節 敘事探究 74 第三章 研究方法 81 第一節 自我述說 81 第二節 蒐集資料的方法及編碼 83 第三節 資料整理與分析 85 第四節 如何說故事 87 第四章 發現與討論 91 第一節 自我敘述——課程設計與IB教育哲學知識建構之路 91 第二節 研究者職前IB專業成長之路 160 第五章 結論與建議 166 第一節 結果與反思 166 第二節 建議 169 參考資料 173 中文參考資料 173 英文參考資料 177 附錄 182

    IBO(2011)。國際文憑項目中的語言與學習。Geneva, Switzerland:International Baccalaureate Organization。
    IBO(2013)。什麼是國際文憑教育。Geneva, Switzerland:International Baccalaureate Organization。
    IBO(2017a)。中学项目:从原则到实践。瑞士日内瓦:International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd。
    IBO (2017b)。 國際文憑學習者培養目標。
    IBO(2018a)。Diploma Programme Language B guide。日內瓦:IB Publishing Ltd。
    IBO(2018b)。小學項目學習和教學。UNITED KINGDOM (英国):International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd。
    IBO(2019)。大學預科項目——大學預科項目中的教學與學習方法(修訂版). 國際文憑組織.。日內瓦:國際文憑組織。
    王佳敏、王文斌 (2022)。 漢英句子時序律和空序律對比探究。語言教學研究, 03,頁 36-27。
    王怡方(2020)。IBDP 中文 A 文學課程研究與設計—以莊子作品為例。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    王嘉陵(2022)。由「動」轉向「靜」的人格教育。「人格教育研討會」發表之論文, 台灣。
    王嬿翔(2022, )。 [IB 教育哲學研討-The Core of IB Philosophy: Action, Language, and Caring]。 。
    王嬿翔(2022b, )。 [IB學習者特質功課回應]。 。
    左飆(2009)。衝突. 互補. 共存。上海 :上海外語教育出版社。
    朱儀羚(譯)(2004)。敘事心理與研究(Crossley, Michele L.)。嘉義市 :濤石文化(原著初版出版於2000年)。
    朱鋭鋭、趙健 (2020)。 IBEC大學國際文憑教師培養體系特點與啟示。教師教育研究, 32(2),頁 116-123。
    吳樎椒、王芳如 (2010)。 幼稚園資深教師的親職教育專業知識發展歷程之敘事探究。教育學誌(24),頁 1-40。 doi: 10.6479/je.201011.0001
    吴蕾、李薇、张厚泉 (2013)。 隐喻含义的跨文化比较研究——英· 日· 汉三语数字隐喻的文化特征。東華大學學報(社會科學版), 13(1),頁 54-58。
    宋明娟、甄曉蘭 (2011)。 重建大學課程的意義與策略初探: 來自建構大學系所學生專業能力的經驗反思。當代教育研究季刊, 19(1),頁 55-100。
    岑紹基(2003)。語言功能與中文教學(系統功能語言學在中文教學上的應用)。香港 ::香港大學出版社。
    李孟隆、詹武翊 (2014)。 臺灣教師不同生涯階段的專業發展重點與策略。臺灣教育評論月刊, 3(6),頁 68-73。
    李曉鳳、佘雙好(2006)。質性研究方法。武漢 :武漢大學出版社。
    阮明淑(2021)。 敘事研究。取自 http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678852/
    周愛玲(2021)。IBDP中文A語言與文學作品中的情感掌控技能之課程設計:以宋代貶謫文學為例。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    林同飛(2014)。國際文憑預科課程第二語言漢語科教師調適教材的策略 : 實踐國際意識。香港:香港大學博士論文(未出版)。
    林鑫琪、陳瑞玲 (2006)。 教師的生涯發展與規劃。教育暨外國語文學報(3),頁 23-35。 doi: 10.6372/jefll.200607.0023
    俞懿嫻(2022)。生態思想和天人感應:論人格教育的重要性。「人格教育研討會」發表之論文, 台灣。
    施仲謀 (2019)。 IB 理念與孔子教育思想的比較。國際中文教育學報, 6,頁 85-111。
    洪慈薇(2017)。IB DP語言B普通課程之飲食文化課程設計。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    范明林、馬丹丹、吳軍(2018)。質性研究方法(第2版版)。上海 :格致出版社;上海人民出版社。
    容運珊(2012)。香港國際學校 IB 中文科教師的知識建構:多個個案研究。香港:香港大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    徐宗林(2000)。 赫爾巴特主義。 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網
    張彤 (2014)。 國際文憑(IB)中文項目新趨勢。國際漢語教學研究(04),頁 07。
    梁茜、代蕊華 (2019)。 國際文憑課程教師專業發展的角色挑戰與應對。全球教育展望, 9。
    郭玉霞 (1993)。 教師們如何學習教學: 評介費門南施的四階段說。初等教育研究集刊(1),頁 33-42。
    陳長益(2000)。 語言相對論。 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。取自 https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1313416/
    陳偉仁、吳雅萍、陳明聰 (2018)。 區分性逆向課程設計的探析與應用。特殊教育季刊(147),頁 25-38。 doi: 10.6217/seq.201806_(147).25-38
    陳瑩純(2017)。送給自己的翅膀。台東縣:國立臺東大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    湯仁燕等合譯(2010)。樂在教學 :教師不可不知的「撇步」(原作者:Peter Filene)。臺北市 : 學富文化
    鈕文英(2017)。質性研究方法與論文寫作。雙葉書廊。
    黃欣喬(2020)。IBDP中文A概念爲本教學設計:以三毛《撒哈拉歲月》為例。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文(未出版),台北市。
    黃富順(2000)。 非傳統教育。 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。取自 http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1307138/
    楊金穆(2019)。 奧斯丁的哲學導論 。載於 如何以語言行事。(頁 )。 台北: 暖暖書屋文化。
    楊冠業(2021)。應用思考策略於IBDP中文A課程之教學設計:以李碧華《霸王別姬》為例。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學系碩士論文(未出版)。
    溫亭羽(2021)。一位語文跨界教師專業成長的敘事探究。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學博士論文,台北市。。
    詹棟樑(2000)。 沙皮爾-沃爾夫假設。 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。取自 http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1305847/
    劉怡君 (2015)。 臺中市國民小學特殊教育教師在職進修方式與專業知能成長關係之研究。
    蔡培村(1996)。教師生涯與職級制度(第初版版)。高雄市 ::麗文文化。
    蔡雅薰、余信賢(2019)。IB國際文憑與中文教學綜論(International Baccalaureate and Chinese language teaching)(第一版版)(第國際文憑系列冊)。臺北市:新學林。
    蔡雅薰、洪榮昭、余信賢 (2019)。 「國際華語教師學科教學知識問卷」之編製與教師教學能力素養落差分析。測驗學刊, 66(4),頁 403-428。
    課程發展議會(2021)。《中學中國語文建議學習重點》。香港:香港特別行政區政府教育局。
    鄧文綺(2020)。讀者反應理論應用於IBDP語言A的課程設計探究──以林海音《城南舊事》為例。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文(未出版)。
    謝奇懿、陳薈宇 (2018)。 IBDP中文A「語言與文學」與台灣高中國文課程之參照研究──以質性分析為主。應華學報(19),頁 53-89。 doi: 10.6391/jac.201812_(19).0002
    謝時 (2019)。 一個本土諮商師在家族治療的學習經驗與反思。諮商心理與復健諮商學報(33),頁 29-44。 doi: 10.6308/jcprc.201912_(33).0002
    鞠玉翠(譯)(2012)。敘事探究——原理、技術與實例(原作者:Clandinin, D.J. & Connelly, F. M.)。北京:北京師範大學出版社。。
    關世傑(1995)。跨文化交流學 ——提高涉外交流能力的學問。:北京大學出版社。
    鐘建坪 (2010)。 引導式建模探究教學架構初探。科學教育月刊(328),頁 2-18。
    Balagangadhara, S. (1994). 'The Heathen in his Blindness...': Asia, the West and the Dynamic of Religion. E. J. Brill.
    Bennett, J. M. (2008). On becoming a global soul: A path to engagement during study abroad. Developing intercultural competence and transformation: Theory, research, and application in international education, 13-31.
    Bent, M. M. (2009). A peaceful partnership. A case study of three IB English A1 teachers’ conceptions of Peace Education at an IB World School in Peru.
    Britannica, E. Common good. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Retrieved July 13 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/common-good
    Burn, K., Hagger, H., Mutton, T., & Everton, T. (2003). The complex development of student-teachers' thinking. Teachers and teaching, 9(4), 309-331.
    Cambridge, J., & Thompson, J. (2001). A Big Mac and a Coke? Internationalism and globalisation as contexts for international education. Unpublished paper. Centre for Education in an International Context, University of Bath. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.199.5645&rep=rep1&type=pdf
    Cambridge, J., & Thompson, J. (2004). Internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 34(2), 161-175.
    Carr, D. (1991). Time, narrative, and history. Indiana University Press.
    Castro, P., Lundgren, U., & Woodin, J. (2013). Conceptualizing and assessing International Mindedness (IM): An exploratory study. The Hague: International Baccalaureate. Recuperado de: http://ibo. org/globalassets/publications/ibresearch/imeufullreportfinal. pdf.
    Cause, L. (2011). International-mindedness’: A field of struggle, confusion and hope. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(7), 35-40.
    Cavar, D. (2013). Ask-A-Linguist: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Retrieved MAY 22 from https://blog.linguistlist.org/ll-main/ask-a-linguist-sapir-whorf-hypothesis/
    Cheetham, G., & Chivers, G. E. (2005). Professions, competence and informal learning. Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Clandinin, D. J. (2016). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Routledge.
    Clandinin, D. J., & Rosiek, J. (2007). Mapping a landscape of narrative inquiry. Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology, 35-75.
    Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of studies in international education, 10(3), 241-266.
    Dennis Earl. (n.d.). Concepts. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy(IEP). Retrieved 23 JUNE from https://iep.utm.edu/concepts/
    Erickson, H. L. (2002). Concept-based curriculum and instruction: Teaching beyond the facts. ERIC.
    Erickson, H. L. (2012). Concept-based teaching and learning. IBO Position Paper.
    Erickson, H. L., Lanning, L. A., & French, R. (2017). Concept-based curriculum and instruction for the thinking classroom. Corwin Press.
    Feiman-Nemser, S. (1983). Learning to teach.
    Fessler, R., & Christensen, J. (1992). The teacher career cycle: Understanding and guiding the professional development of teachers. Allyn & Bacon.
    Fuller, F. F. (1969). Concerns of teachers: A developmental conceptualization. American educational research journal, 6(2), 207-226.
    Fuller, F. F., & Bown, O. H. (1975). Becoming a teacher. Teachers College Record, 76(6), 25-52.
    Gigliotti-Labay, J. (2010). Fulfilling Its Mission? The Promotion of International Mindedness in IB DP Programmes. ERIC.
    Hall, G. (2005). Literature in language education. Springer.
    Harvard University Faculty of Arts Sciences. (2007). Report of the task force on general education. Harvard University.
    Hayden, M., Thompson, J., & Levy, J. (2007). The Sage handbook of research in international education. Sage.
    Heyward, M. (2002). From international to intercultural: Redefining the international school for a globalized world. Journal of research in international education, 1(1), 9-32. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/147524090211002?casa_token=Iyw7RimY12EAAAAA:WuiGW5EHGq5CGfk7DQjdaiT8J7NOuG3-Eg7gMuF3b_-tBXaK_biChJ9zSO98YPriMo6l_-PxDDF1wwI
    HILL, I. (2001). Curriculum development and ethics in international education.
    Hill, I. (2007a). International education as developed by the International Baccalaureate Organization. The SAGE handbook of research in international education, 25-37.
    Hill, I. (2007b). Multicultural and international education: Never the twain shall meet? International Review of Education, 53(3), 245-264.
    Hill, I. (2012). Evolution of education for international mindedness. Journal of research in international education, 11(3), 245-261.
    Hill, I. (2013). International mindedness. International School (IS), 15(2), 10-11.
    Hill, I. (2015). The history and development of international mindedness. The SAGE handbook of research in international education, 209-224.
    IBO. (2015a). Approaches to teaching and learning. Retrieved MAY 06 from https://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/DP/Group0/d_0_dpatl_gui_1502_1/static/dpatl/guide-introduction.html
    IBO. (2015b). Diploma Programme: From principles into practice. International Baccalaureate Organization.
    IBO. (2015c). MYP-from Principles into Practice. International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd.
    IBO. (2018). Diploma Programme Language B guide. IB Publishing Ltd.
    IBO. (2020). DP language courses: overview and placement guidance. International Baccalaureate Organization.
    IBO. (2022a). Curriculum framework. Retrieved JUNE 9 from https://www.ibo.org/programmes/primary-years-programme/curriculum/
    IBO. (2022b). Language A: language and literature-Appendices. IBO. Retrieved MAY 0506 from https://resources.ibo.org/dp/subject/Language-A-language-and-literature-2021/works/dp_11162-55444?lang=en&root=1.6.2.14.7
    IBO. (2022c). Why offer the PYP. Retrieved July 13 from https://www.ibo.org/programmes/primary-years-programme/why-offer-the-pyp/#:~:text=The%20PYP%20offers%20opportunities%20to,and%20builds%20their%20international%2Dmindedness.
    IBO. (2022e). Approaches to learning skills. https://www.ibo.org/programmes/primary-years-programme/curriculum/learning-and-teaching/
    Ingersoll, R. M., & Smith, T. M. (2004). Do teacher induction and mentoring matter? NASSP bulletin, 88(638), 28-40.
    Johnston, B. (1997). Do EFL teachers have careers? Tesol Quarterly, 31(4), 681-712.
    K.R.Mangalam. (2019). PRIMARY YEARS PROGRAMME. K.R.Mangalam https://krmangalam.global/primary-years-programme/
    Kaplan, R. B. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in inter‐cultural education. Language learning, 16(1‐2), 1-20.
    Kelchtermans, G., Smith, K., & Vanderlinde, R. (2018). Towards an ‘international forum for teacher educator development’: An agenda for research and action. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(1), 120-134.
    Kinchin, I. M., & Cabot, B. (2010). Reconsidering the dimensions of expertise: From linear stages towards dual processing. London Review of Education.
    Lai, C. (2015). Intergrating IB philosophy and pedagogy into Chinese language teaching: what could educational technology bring to the dialogue? In Infusing IB Philosophy and Pedagogy into Chinese Language Teaching. John Catt Educational Ltd.
    Lai, C., Shum, M. S., & Zhang, B. (2014). International mindedness in an Asian context: The case of the International Baccalaureate in Hong Kong. Educational Research, 56(1), 77-96.
    Lau, K.-l. (2015). Implementing international mindedness in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme:a qualitative case study in a HongKong second language Chinese classroom. In implementing international mindedness in the international baccalaureate diploma programme:a qualitative case study in a hongkong second language chinese classrooms. John Catt Educational Ltd.
    Lodewijk van Oord. (2007). To westernize the nations? An analysis of the International Baccalaureate's philosophy of education [Article]. Cambridge Journal of Education, 37(3), 375-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640701546680
    Loh, C. E. (2012). Global and national imaginings: Deparochialising the IBDP English A1 Curriculum. Changing English, 19(2), 221-235.
    Lusty, R. (2016). Career crossroads: motivations and concerns of mid-career teachers in NSW Department of Education primary schools.
    Matalene, C. (1985). Contrastive rhetoric: An American writing teacher in China. College English, 47(8), 789-808.
    Neisser, U. (1994). Self-narratives: True and false. The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative, 6, 1-18.
    Orland-Barak, L., & Yinon, H. (2005). Different but similar: Student teachers' perspectives on the use of L1 in Arab and Jewish EFL classroom settings. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 18(1), 91-113.
    Paniagua, A., & Sánchez-Martí, A. (2018). Early career teachers: Pioneers triggering Innovation or compliant professionals?
    Pepy Meli. (2019). How Inquiry-based Teaching improves student Research Skills: Simplifying Approaches to Teaching & Learning Series. 100 mentors. Retrieved MAY 06 from https://blog.100mentors.com/how-inquiry-based-teaching-improves-student-research-skills/
    Poole, B. (2020). Get to know the Middle Years Programme. International Baccalaureate. Retrieved MAY 05 from https://vimeo.com/258755863
    Raduan, N. A., & Na, S.-I. (2020). An integrative review of the models for teacher expertise and career development. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(3), 428-451.
    Rodway, J. D. A. (2008). Making sense of international mindedness in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program University of Toronto Toronto].
    SCALE, & TKSS. (2019). IB Teacher Development Assessment Tool General Materials. Borad of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Juniversity.
    Shum, M., Lai, C., Zhang, B., Lam, T., & Loh, E. (2014). Professional Growth of Chinese Language Student-teachers in Teaching Practicum in the IB Certifi cate of Teaching and Learning Programme. International Baccalaureate (IB) Asia Pacific Annual Regional Conference,
    Singh, M., & Qi, J. (2013). 21st century international mindedness: An exploratory study of its conceptualisation and assessment.
    Sönmez, G., Gürkan, B., & Aksoy, N. C. (2021). Design and Evaluation of an International Baccalaureate Educator Certificate (IBEC) Programme as an Alternative Teacher Education Programme. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 15(1), 1-16.
    Staver, J. R., & Bay, M. (1987). Analysis of the project synthesis goal cluster orientation and inquiry emphasis of elementary science textbooks. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 24(7), 629-643.
    Steffy, B. E., & Wolfe, M. P. (2001). A life-cycle model for career teachers. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 38(1), 16-19.
    Sylvester, R. (2007). Historical resources for research in international education (1851-1950). The SAGE handbook of research in international education, 11-24.
    Tarc, P., & Beatty, L. (2012). The emergence of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Ontario: Diffusion, pilot study and prospective research. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation, 35(4), 341-375.
    Unesco. (2013). Intercultural competences: Conceptual and operational framework. In: Unesco Paris.
    UNESCO. (2022). Reimagining our futures together: a new social contract for education. UN.
    Walker, G. (2010). East is east and west is west. IB Position Paper, 1-10.
    Wells, J. (2011). International education, values and attitudes: A critical analysis of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Learner Profile. Journal of research in international education, 10(2), 174-188.
    Whorf, B. L. (1956). Language, thought, and reality: selected writings of….(Edited by John B. Carroll.).
    Wright, E., & Lee, M. (2014). Developing skills for youth in the 21st century: The role of elite International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme schools in China. International Review of Education, 60(2), 199-216.
    Zhang, B., Shum, M., & Lai, C. (2014). When IB Learner Profile Meets Eastern Confucian Tradition: From the Perspective of Chinese Language Teachers. International Baccalaureate (IB) Asia Pacific Annual Regional Conference.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE