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研究生: 謝忠翰
Xie Zong Han
論文名稱: 斜向射頻磁控濺鍍氧化鋅奈米線結構之材料特性與於紫外光二極體之應用
Materials analysis of zinc oxide nanowires grown by glancing-angle RF magnetron sputtering system and its application on UV light-emitting diodes
指導教授: 李亞儒
Lee, Ya-Ju
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 光電工程研究所
Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 46
中文關鍵詞: 斜向濺鍍氧化鋅紫外光發光二極體
英文關鍵詞: Oblique angle deposition, Zinc oxide, UV light-emitting diode
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:175下載:4
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本論文利用斜向射頻磁控濺鍍系統(glancing-angle radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system)來製備氧化鋅(Zinc oxide, ZnO)薄膜,系統性地分析氧化鋅薄膜其型態分布、材料品質、以及光電特性。再進一步將斜向氧化鋅薄膜成長於氮化鎵材料,最終製作成紫外光發光二極體元件(ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, UV LEDs),並與傳統正向成長之氧化鋅/氮化鎵異質接面比較。我們發現,斜向氧化鋅薄膜其電阻率可大幅度降低到10-3等級,載子濃度和載子遷移率分別為n = 5.14×109 cm-3 以及n =63.46 cm2/V•s 。由XRD 特性光譜發現斜向氧化鋅薄膜在 (002)晶向位置有明顯的繞射強度,其X-Ray繞射峰約在 = 34.52o。其光激發螢光光譜(Photoluminescence, PL) 波長為=380nm,主要對應於近氧化鋅能隙之發光光譜位置(Near Band-Edge , NBE)。此外,我們也發現隨著快速熱退火(rapid thermal annealing, RTA)溫度的提升,斜向氧化鋅薄膜晶格將重新排列,此將大幅地改善其結晶品質以及PL發光強度。將斜向氧化鋅薄膜成長於p型氮化鎵,並製作成異質接面發光二極體元件後,就電流電壓特性曲線(I-V curves) 而言,斜向氧化鋅UV LED呈現極佳的整流特性,其開通電壓(turn-on voltage)約為4.8V,而漏電流則為4.4 ×10-3A。最重要的是,我們所製做出的斜向氧化鋅UV LED,其電致發光光譜(Electroluminescence, EL) 在我們的量測區間(I = 0–60mA),都是以NBE (=380nm)發光光譜為主導。隨著注入電流增加,發光強度隨之增強,而其半高全寬(Full Width Half Maximum, FWHM),則隨之下降。我們的研究說明斜向成長氧化鋅薄膜與氮化鎵材料上(type-II band-alignment),會產生高載子注入效率,造成氧化鋅缺陷複合飽和,增強近氧化鋅能隙之複合發光效率,其將可廣泛用於 pure UV-emission 之應用。

Both of oblique angle deposition and conventional deposition techniques were used by a RF sputtering system to grown the slanted and planar n-ZnO films on p-GaN, respectively. These two kinds of n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunctions were then fabricated the light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The electrical and optical properties of these two kinds of LEDs were investigated systematically. The results show that the slanted n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs have a lower turn-on voltage and less leakage current than that of planar n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs. Moreover, different from the planar n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs which emitting colors changes with injection current, the slanted n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs retains UV emissions (385-400 nm) under the entire range of injection currents we applied. The dominant UV luminescence of slanted n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs is attributed to the ZnO near band edge transitions, indicating the high quality of slanted ZnO films and exhibiting the essential property dedicated to nano-sized heterojunctions. Hence, we have demonstrated that the slanted n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs fabricated by oblique angle deposition have better performance than the planar n-ZnO/p-GaN LEDs fabricated by convention deposition means.

目錄 i 圖目錄 iii 表目錄 v 致謝 vi 摘要 vii Abstract viii 第一章 序論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2氧化鋅的歷史與發展 2 1.3文獻回顧 3 1.4研究動機與目的 7 第二章 實驗原理 8 2.1氧化鋅的材料特性 8 2.2氧化鋅的發光機制 10 2.3發光二極體基本原理 11 2.3.1 p-n接面 11 2.3.2發光二極體 15 2.3.3發光效率 16 2.5光致發光(PL, Photoluminescent)原理 17 2.6射頻磁控濺鍍原理 18 2.7斜向濺鍍原理 20 2.8霍爾效應與四點量測原理 21 2.9 X光繞射原理(XRD, X-ray diffraction) 23 2.10快速熱退火原理(RTA, Rapid thermal annealing) 24 第三章 實驗流程與設備 25 3.1 元件製作流程 25 3.2 氧化鋅斜向濺鍍系統 26 3.3 快速熱退火 27 3.4 XRD量測 28 3.5 PL量測 29 3.6 黑箱量測 30 第四章 結果與討論 31 4.1 平面與斜向氧化鋅薄膜成膜於藍寶石基板上之研究 31 4.1.1 濺鍍時氧分壓的改變之影響 31 4.1.2 平面與斜向氧化鋅之輪廓比較 33 4.1.3 平面與斜向氧化鋅不同退火溫度之XRD分析比較 34 4.1.4 平面與斜向氧化鋅不同退火溫度之電性分析比較 35 4.1.5 平面與斜向氧化鋅不同退火溫度之發光特性比較 37 4.2 平面與斜向氧化鋅薄膜應用於UV LED之研究 38 4.2.1平面與斜向氧化鋅薄膜成長於氮化鎵之材料分析 38 4.2.1平面與斜向氧化鋅薄膜UV LED之元件性能與效率分析 39 4.2.2平面與斜向氧化鋅薄膜UV LED之發光特性分析 40 第五章 結論 42 第六章 參考文獻 43

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