本研究旨在探討攝護腺癌病患的相關危險因子，採病例對照研究法，以台灣地區40歲以上成年男子為研究對象，由95年05月01日至96年04月30日共12個月期間，自某醫學中心進行樣本收集，經泌尿外科主治醫師確定臨床診斷，且有攝護腺特異抗原（PSA）及肛門指診（DRE）檢查證實為攝護腺癌的病患共110名，另外在病例發現之同時於該醫學中心中排除有心臟血管疾病、新陳代謝疾病、腎臟病、泌尿系統疾病及血液腫瘤等疾病史之非攝護腺癌病患共126名為對照組，以上兩組研究對象均採面談方式，依結構式問卷進行回溯調查，收集研究對象之社會人口學及生活型態相關資料。資料經邏輯複迴歸分析後發現：高社經地位、高血脂家族病史、使用動物油烹調料理、高炒菜油量、喜食肥肉（含皮）、喜用滷汁拌飯或麵、高頻率的甜點攝取及低運動頻率等為攝護腺癌的主要危險因子，顯示高油脂飲食與某些生活飲食習慣確實與攝護腺癌有密切關係，建議採用低脂高纖的飲食方式，並配合適當且定期的運動，可有效減少攝護腺癌的罹患風險。

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the multiple behavioral risk factors of prostate cancer in Taiwanese men ( >40 yr) from May 1st 2006 to April 30th 2007, including 110 cases and their age matched healthy 126 controls were included. Both of them were enrolled from the same hospital. Cases had diagnosed prostate cancer based on prostate specific antigen test and digital rectal examination. Controls with cardiovascular disease or metabolic disease or renal disease or urinary system disease or cancer were eliminated from the enrollment at first. Demographical data and risk factor related information were collected using a structured questionnaire. Subjects were interviewed in person to collect information regarding social demography variables, dietary factors and life-style factors. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, we found some significant variables including: high socioeconomic status, family history of hypertriglyceridemia, high dietary fat, high saturated fat, high fat meat and high sweets may increase the risk of prostate cancer. This beneficial effect presented for men with recreational physical activities but not for men with light physical activity. In conclusion, our study shows that high fat diet and some life-style factors may have associated with prostate cancer risk. It suggests that a low fat but high fiber diet and recreational physical activities have a protective effect against prostate cancer.

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