簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黎宗璇
Tsung-Hsuan, Lay
論文名稱: 觀光工廠之體驗區隔研究
Experience Segmentation of Tourism Factories
指導教授: 劉元安
Liu, Yuan-An
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 餐旅管理與教育研究所
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 228
中文關鍵詞: 市場區隔觀光工廠體驗追求
英文關鍵詞: Market segmentation, Tourism factories, Experience seeking
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:1554下載:30
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 面對正值轉型時期且有獨特產業特色之製造業轉型宜蘭縣觀光工廠,必須建立一套適當的市場區隔策略,將市場作有效的細分和有效的區隔市場,有助行銷策略的進行並獲得最佳利益,對市場未來趨勢做預測,提升市場佔有率。所以本研究目的是以宜蘭縣觀光工廠為研究對象,使用體驗概念進行市場區隔分析,進而提出適當的行銷策略。
    本研究採用便利抽樣方式進行問卷發放並當場回收,共發放2,058份問卷,有效問卷為1,878,利用體驗追求做為區隔變數,以改二階段集群分析法(Two-Stage Clustering)對宜蘭縣觀光工廠進行市場區隔分析,結果依照地理區域分為三個部分,包含整體宜蘭縣觀光工廠、羅東地區觀光工廠、蘇澳地區觀光工廠,其中整體宜蘭縣觀光工廠集群分別為高度寓教於樂追求者、工廠樂趣追求者、中度寓教於樂追求者;羅東地區觀光工廠集群分別為高度工廠樂趣追求者、低度工廠樂趣追求者、中度工廠樂趣追求者;蘇澳地區觀光工廠集群分別為高度有趣活動學習者、工廠活動追求者、中度有趣活動學習者。
    研究結果發現各區隔在體驗追求變數下具有顯著差異。本研究結果建議,整體宜蘭縣觀光工廠主要提供有趣寓教於樂產品的觀光工廠,而集群中以中度、高度寓教於樂追求者佔整體市場比例86.7%為主;羅東地區觀光工廠能夠提供工廠內的樂趣感受為主,集群中以中度工廠樂趣追求者佔市場比例47.8%為主;蘇澳地區觀光工廠提供有趣的廠內活動,集群中以中度、高度有趣活動學習者佔市場比例92.3%為主。
    最後根據研究結果提供行銷建議給宜蘭縣觀光工廠發展協會及各家觀光工廠相關業者,作為其在選擇目標市場及進行行銷策略時的參考依據。

    Many industrial factories in Yilan County are being transformed into tourism service providers with history as their main theme or attraction. It is imperative for them have to identify the accurate segments that are most interested in specific goods and services and to focus marketing efforts on them in the most effective way. The main purpose of the study was to propose a practical evaluation tool for tourism factories in Yilan County to concentrate their travel market segments in terms of the experience seeking on each identified segment.
    The study data were collected by questionnaire survey, using convenience sampling. A total of 1,878 were valid questionnaires. The experience seeking variables were proved to be statistically significant among the each cluster. The study applied two-stage clustering method to define three experience-seeking segments of the travel market. The major findings showed that two of the three clusters analyzed were “learning through playing seekers”, while the other was “factory-fun seekers”. The article concludes with marketing implications of the study results and suggestions for future research.

    表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 XII 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機 3 第三節 研究問題與研究目的 6 第四節 研究範圍與對象 11 第五節 研究流程 12 第二章 文獻回顧 13 第一節 市場區隔理論 13 第二節 市場區隔相關實證研究 27 第三節 目標市場之行銷策略 36 第四節 產業觀光與觀光工廠 43 第五節 產業觀光與觀光工廠之相關研究 54 第六節 以旅遊體驗概念做市場區隔 68 第三章 研究設計 75 第一節 研究架構 75 第二節 研究變數之操作定義 75 第三節 問卷設計 78 第四節 正式問卷抽樣設計 92 第五節 資料分析方法 95 第四章 資料分析與討論 97 第一節 受訪者樣本特性分析 97 第二節 信度分析與敘述性統計 102 第三節 體驗追求之探索性因素分析 106 第四節 體驗追求之驗證性因素分析 115 第五節 以體驗追求進行集群分析 127 第六節 各集群於體驗追求因素構面上之差異檢定分析 133 第七節 全體受訪者與不同區位受訪者之市場區隔描述 139 第八節 各區隔市場對觀光工廠績效表現之分析 163 第五章 結論與建議 176 第一節 結論 176 第二節 建議 187 第三節 研究限制與後續研究方向 206 參考文獻 208 附錄A 焦點團體中修改題項及其原因 225 附錄B 正式問卷 227

    中文
    工業技術研究院(2007)。傳統產業再造生機、觀光工廠跨步走。線上檢索日期:2009年12月11日。網址:http://www.itri.org.tw/chi/news/index.asp?RootNodeId=060&NodeId=061
    方世榮(譯)(2002)。行銷學原理(第九版)。臺北市:臺灣東華書局股份有限公司。(Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G., 2001)
    交通部觀光局(1992)。台灣地區觀光遊憩系統開發計畫。台北:交通部觀光局。
    行政院(2009)。縣市改制說明。線上檢索日期:2010年4月26日。網址:http://www.ey.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=55730&ctNode=2313
    行政院經濟建設委員會(1983)。台灣地區觀光遊憩系統之研究。台北:行政院經濟建設委員會。
    何雍慶、蘇子炘、張永富(2004)。消費者體驗與訊息處理路徑對品牌延伸購買態度之影響。行銷評論,1(1),1-20。
    吳明隆(2007)。SPSS操作與應用問卷統計分析實務。台北:五南圖書出版有限公司。
    吳明隆、涂金堂(2005)。SPSS與統計應用分析。台北:五南圖書出版有限公司。
    李君如、陳瑩盈(2007)。遊客對於觀光工廠解說服務之評估研究。2007海峽兩岸金廈觀光旅遊交流暨學術研討會,廈門大學、銘傳大學,65-84。
    李崇清(2003)。觀光工廠論壇:尋找永遠的玻璃鞋。線上檢索日期:2009年12月9日。網址:http://www.taiwanplace21.org/experience/interview_03.htm
    杜淑芬(譯)(1998)。休閒遊憩事業的企業化經營。台北:品度股份有限公司(John, C. C. & Lynn, M. J., 1998)
    李銘輝(2000)。觀光地理。台北:揚智出版社。
    宜蘭觀光工廠發展協會(2008)。宜蘭觀光工廠-探索觀光工廠。線上檢索日期:2009年11月30日。網址:http://www.diy.org.tw/
    邱皓政(2007)。量化研究與統計分析。台北:五南圖書。
    洪順慶(2005)。行銷管理(第三版)。台北市:新陸書局。
    胡幼慧(2008)。質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流圖書公司。
    張璠(2001)。台灣地區工業區開發之問題與對策。財團法人國家政策研究基金會,國政研究報告。
    張璠、張吉宏、朱琦文(2001)。體驗經濟時代來臨對工業區域發展之影響。經濟情勢暨評論季刊,6(4)。
    陳思倫、劉錦桂(1992)。響旅遊目的地選擇之地點特性及市場區隔之研究。戶外遊憩研究,5(2),39-70。
    傅朝卿(2003)。工業遺跡再生論-探索世界工業文化遺跡之保存與永續經營。建築師,4,64-69。
    曾宇良(2007)。日本產業觀光事業發展特質及其成功因素之探討-以食品製造業為例。第十四屆產業管理研討會論文集-中台灣產業創新轉型與組織能力構築,東海大學。
    曾梓峰(2002)工業文化遺產再利用與地方活化-德國魯爾區再發展的經驗。行政院文化建設委員會,2002 文化論壇世界遺產系列講座,台北。
    須田寬(2001)。產業觀光。東京:交通新聞社。
    黃俊英(2000)。行銷管理:策略性的觀點。台北:華泰文化。
    楊正寬(2001)。觀光政策、行政與法規(第三版)。台北:揚智文化事業股份有限公司。
    楊勝評(2003)。觀光工廠專家專訪─透過觀光工廠與遊客的需求差異性。線上檢索日期:2009年12月9日。網址:http://www.taiwanplace21.org/profile/profile_04.htm。
    經濟部工業局(2003)。工廠兼營觀光服務作業要點。經工字第○九二○四六○五五八一號令訂定。
    經濟部工業局(2003)。傳承地方特色,蛻變地方產業。台北:經濟部工業局。
    經濟部工業局(2010)。觀光工廠計畫輔導作業要點。線上檢索日期:2010年2月21日。網址:http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/CLUSTER/taiwanplace21/download.htm
    經濟部工業局、中部辦公室(2008)。97年度功能別專案輔導計畫聯合成果發表暨說明會。線上檢索日期:2010年2月20日。網址:http://assist.nat.gov.tw/GIP/wSite/UpLoad/download/39790_45663194440.pdf
    經濟部工業局、中部辦公室(2009)。98年度功能別專案輔導計畫聯合成果發表暨說明會。線上檢索日期:2010年2月20日。網址:http://assist.nat.gov.tw/GIP/wSite/UpLoad/download/40151_64336805560.pdf
    經濟部工業局、中部辦公室(2010)。FY99工廠觀光化產業輔導計畫推動說明會。線上檢索日期:2010年2月25日。網址:http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/CLUSTER/taiwanplace21/news/20100121.htm
    榮泰生(2007)。消費者行為(第二版、第一刷)。台北:五南圖書出版公司。
    數位時代(2003年3月15日):香烤不景氣,麥當勞、肯德基大變身!。數位時代。線上檢索日期:2009年11月30日。網址:http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/cid/0/id/6532
    蘇芳基(1989)。最新觀光學概要。台北:明翔。

    英文
    American Marketing Association. (1960). Marketing Definitions: A Glossary of Marketing Terms. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
    Andreu, L., Kozak, M., Avci, N., & Cifter, N. (2005). Market segmentation by motivations to travel: British tourism visiting Turkey. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19(1), 1-14.
    Arnould, E. J., Price, L. L., & Zinkhan, G. L. (2002). Consumers (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Richard D. Irwin.
    Assael, H. (1990). Marketing: principles & strategy. Chicago: Dryden Press.
    Baggozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 76-94.
    Bass, F. M., Tigert, D. J., & Lonsdale, R. T. (1968). Market segmentation: group versus individual behavior. Journalof Marketing Research, 5(3), 264-270.
    Bauer, M.W., & Gaskell, G. (2000). Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: a practical handbook. (Eds.). London: SAGE.
    Bearden, W. O., Ingram, T. N., & LaForge, R. W. (2001). Marketing: Principles & Perspectives (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Bennet, P. D. (1988). Marketing, international student edition. US: McGraw Hill.
    Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (1993). EQS/Windows User Guide. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.
    Berry, L. L., Parasuraman, A., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1990). Delivering quality service: balancing customer perceptions and expectations. New York: Free Press.
    Best, R. J. (2000). Market-based management: strategies for growing customer value and profitability (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Blattberg, R. C., & Sen, S. K. (1974). Market segmentation using models of multidimensional purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing, 38(4), 17-28.
    Boote, A. S. (1981). Markets segmentation by personal values and salient product attributes. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(1), 29-35.
    Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand Experience: what is it? how is it measured? does it affect loyalty?. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68.
    Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zhang, S. (2008). Experiential Attributes and Consumer Judgments, in Handbook on Brand and Experience Management, Bernd H. Schmitt and David Roger. (Eds.). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
    Brett, C. J. (1990). Focus groups positioning and analysis: a commentary on adjuncts for enhancing the design of health care research. Health Marketing Quarterly, 7(1), 153-168.
    Brey, E. T., So, S. I., Kim, D. Y., & Morrison, A. M. (2007). Web-based permission marketing: segmentation for the lodging industry. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1408-1416.
    Campbell, N. C. G., & Cunningham, M. T. (1983). Customer analysis for strategy development in industrial markets. Strategic Management Journal, 4(4), 369-380.
    Cha, S., McCleary, K. W., & Uysal, M. (1995). Travel motivations of Japanese overseas travelers: a factor-cluster segmentation approach. Journal of Travel Research, 34(1), 33-39.
    Chadee, D. D., & Mattsson, J. (1996). An empirical assessment of customer satisfaction in tourism. The Service Industries Journal, 16(3), 305-320.
    Chang, J., & Chiang, C. H. (2006). Segmenting American and Japanese tourists on novelty-seeking at night markets in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 391-406.
    Choi, W. M., & Tsang, C. K. L. (1999). Activity based segmentation on pleasure travel market of Hong Kong private housing residents. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 8(2), 75-97.
    Chung, K. Y., Oh, S. Y., Kim, S. S., & Han, S. Y. (2004). Three representative market segmentation methodologies for hotel guest room customers. Tourism Management, 25(4), 429-441.
    Cohen, E. (1979). A phenomenology of tourist experiences. The Journal of the British Sociological Association, 13(2), 179-201.
    ComScore, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCOR). (2010, July 28). Social networking sites reach a higher percentage of women than men worldwide [News Release]. Reston, VA: Author. Retrieved Jun 10, 2011 from the World Wide Web: http://www.comscore.com/layout/set/popup/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2010/7/Social_Networking_Sites_Reach_a_Higher_Percentage_of_Women_than_Men_Worldwide
    Dibb, S., & Simkin, L. (1996). The Market Segmentation Workbook. London: Routledge.
    Dickson, P. R., & Ginter, J. L. (1987). Market segmentation, product differentiation, and marketing Strategy. Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 1-10.
    Dírez-Pérez, F, M., Cejas, M, Bethencourt., & Álvarez-González, J. A. (2005). The segmentation of canary island tourism markets by expenditure: implications for tourism policy. Tourism Management, 26(6), 961-964.
    Edginton, C. R., Hanson, C. J., & Edginton, S. R. (1992). Leisure program: concepts, trends, and professional practice. Dubuque, I.A.: WCB Brown & Benchmark.
    Edmunds, H. (1999). Focus Group Research Handbook. Lincolnwood: NTC Publishing Group, Inc.
    Edwards, J. A., & Llurdés i Coit, J. C. (1996). Mines and quarries industrial heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 341-363.
    Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (2005). Consumer behavior (10th ed.). Cincinnati: Thomson South-western.
    Etzel, Michael J., Walker, Bruce J., & Staton, William J. (2001). Marketing. São Paulo: Makron Books.
    Fisher, R. J., & Price L. L. (1991). International pleasure travel motivation and post-vacation cultural attitude change. Journal of Leisure Research, 23(3), 193-208.
    Foxall, G. R., & Goldsmith, Ronald E. (1994). Consumer Psychology for Marketing. London: Routledge.
    Frank, R. E., & Strain, C. E. (1972). A segmentation research design using consumer panel data. Journal of Marketing Research, 9(4), 385-390.
    Frochot, I. (2005). A benefit segmentation of tourists in rural areas: a Scottish perspective. Tourism Management, 26(3), 335-346.
    Füller, J., & Matzler, K. (2008). Customer delight and market segmentation-An application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction on life style groups. Tourism Management, 29(1), 116-126.
    Getz, D. (1997). Event management & event tourism. Elmsford, N.Y.: Cognizant Communication Corp.
    González, Ana M., & Bello, L. (2002). The construct “lifestyle” in market segmentation: the behaviour of tourist consumers. European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 51-85.
    Graham, J. E., & Wall, G. (1978). American visitors to Canada: a study in market segmentation. Journal of Travel Research, 16(3), 21-24.
    Haldrup, M., & Larsen, J. (2003). The family gaze. Tourist Studies, 3(1), 23-46.
    Haley, R. I. (1968). Benefit segmentation: a decision-oriented research tool. Journal of Marketing, 32(3), 30-35.
    Hallab, Z., Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2003). An identification of market segments based on the healthy living attitude. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 10, 3/4, 185-198.
    Holbrook, M. B. (2000). The millennial consumer in the texts of our times: experience and entertainment. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(2), 178-192.
    Hsieh, S., O’Leary, J., & Morrison, A. (1992). Segmenting the international travel market by activity. Tourism Management,13(2), 209-223.
    Hu, Y., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). Measuring destination attractiveness: a contextual approach. Journal of Travel Research, 32(2), 25-34.
    Irwin, R. D. (1994). Market Segmentation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Jang, S. C., Morrison, A. M., & O'Leary, J. T. (2002). Benefit segmentation of Japanese pleasure travelers to the USA and Canada: selecting target markets based on the profitability and risk of individual market segments. Tourism Management, 23(4), 367-378.
    Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1989). LISEL 7: A Guide to the Program and Application. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
    Joy, A., & Sherry, J. F. (2003). Speaking of art as embodied imagination: a multisensory approach to understanding aesthetic experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 259-284.
    Juaneda, C., & Sastre, F. (1999). Balearic islands tourism: a case study in demographic segmentation. Tourism Management, 20(4), 549-552.
    Kahle, Lynn R. (1986). The nine nations of north America and the value basis of geographic segmentation. Journal of Marketing, 50(2), 37-47.
    Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
    Koc, E., & Altinay, G. (2007). An analysis of seasonality in monthly per person tourist spending in Turkish inbound tourism from a market segmentation perspective. Tourism Management, 28(1), 227-237.
    Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management (11th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2000). Focus Groups: a practical guide for applied research (3nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Kumar, V., Aaker, D. A., & Day, G. S. (1999). Essentials of marketing research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Larsen, S. (2007). Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 7-18.
    Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., & Wicks, B. E. (2004). Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 25(1), 61-70.
    Lee, G., Morrison, A. M., & O’Leary, J. T. (2006). The economic value portfolio matrix: a target market selection tool for destination marketing organizations. Tourism Management, 27(4), 576-588.
    Mansfeld, Y. (1992). “Industrial landscapes” as positive settings for tourism development in declining industrial cities - The case of Haifa, Israel. GeoJournal, 28(4), 457-463.
    McCarthy, E. J. (1964). Basic marketing: a managerial approach. Homewood Illionis: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
    McCarthy, E. J. (1981). Basic marketing: a managerial approach (7th ed.). Homewood Illionis: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
    McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1258-1265.
    McKercher, B., Ho, P. S. Y., Cros, H. D., & So-Ming, B. C. (2002). Activities-based segmentation of the cultural tourism market. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(1), 23-46.
    Milman, A. (1998). The impact of tourism and travel experience on senior travelers' psychological well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 37(12), 166-170.
    Mitchell, M. A., & Mitchell, S. J. (2001). Consumer experience tourism in the nonprofit and public sectors. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 9(3), 21-34.
    Mitchell, M. A., & Orwig, R. A. (2002). Consumer experience tourism and brand bonding. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 11(1), 30-41.
    Mitchell, M. A., Montgomery, R., & Mitchell, S. J. (2004). Consumer experience tourism and brand bonding: a look at sport-related marketers. The Sport Journal, 7(2), Spring.
    Mohsin, A., & Ryan, C. (2004). Determinants of destination choice: the role of socio-demographic variables. Tourism Recreation Research, 29(3), 1-20.
    Mok, C., & Iverson, T. J. (2000). Expenditure-based segmentation: Taiwanese tourists to Guam. Tourism Management,21(3), 299-305.
    Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
    Myers, J. H. (1996). Segmentation and positioning for strategic marketing decisions. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
    Mykletun, R, J., Crotts, J, C., & Mykletun, A. (2001). Positioning an island destination in the peripheral area of the Baltics a flexible approach to market segmentation. Tourism Management, 22(5), 493-500.
    Oh, H., Fiore, M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119-132.
    Otto, J. E., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1996). The service experience in tourism. Tourism Management, 17(3), 165-174.
    Park, D. B., & Yoon, Y. S. (2009). Segmentation by motivation in rural tourism: a Korean case study. Tourism Management, 30(1), 99-108.
    Patricia, F., & Herbert, M. L. (1991). The process of recreation programming: theory and technique (3rd ed.). P.A.: Venture Publishing.
    Pine II, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97-105.
    Pine II, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: work is theatre and every business a state. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
    Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: The Free Press.
    Prentice, R. (1993). Tourism and Heritage Attractions. New York: Routledge Kegan Paul.
    Quinn, R. E., & Cameron, K. (1983). Organizational life cycles and shifting criteria of effectiveness: some preliminary evidence. Management Science, 29(1), 33-51.
    Roehl, W. S., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perception and pleasure travel: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4), 17-26.
    Rudd, M. A., & Davis, J. A. (1998). Industrial heritage tourism at the Bingham Canyon Copper Mine. Journal of Travel Research, 36(3), 85-89.
    Ryan, C. (2002). The tourist experience. London: Continuum.
    Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2006). Consumer behavior (9th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
    Schmitt, B. H., (1999). Experiential Marketing. New York: Free Press.
    Schoell, W. F., & Guiltinan, J. P. (1995). Marketing (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Smith, W. R. (1956). Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing, 21, 3-8.
    Snepenger, D. J. (1987). Segmenting the vacation market by novelty-seeking role. Journal of Travel Research, 26(2), 8-14.
    Squire, S. J. (1994). Gender and tourist experiences: assessing women's shared meanings for Beatrix Potter. Leisure Studies, 13(3), 195-205.
    Stern, L. W., & EI Ansary, A. I. (1992). Marketing channels (4th ed.). Englewood Cilffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Stern, L. W., & EI-Ansary, A. I. (1992). Marketing Channel (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
    Sung, H. Y., Morrison, A. M., & O'leary, J. T. (2001). Segmenting the adventure travel market by activities from the North American industry providers' perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 9(4), 1-20.
    Tan, Y. F., & Lo, S. Y. (2008). A benefit-based approach to market segmentation: a case study of an American specialty coffeehouse Chain in Hong Kong. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 32, 342-362.
    Thomson, C. M., & Pearce, D. G. (1980). Market segmentation of New Zealand package tours. Journal of Travel Research, 19(3), 3-6.
    Tian-Cole, S., & Scott, D. (2004). Examining the mediating role of experience quality in a model of tourist experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1), 79-90.
    Vyncke, P. (2002). Lifestyle segmentation from attitudes interests and opinions to values aesthetic styles life visions and media preferences. European Journal of Communication, 17(4), 445-463.
    Wei, S., & Milman, A. (2002). The impact of participation in activities while on vacation on seniors’ psychological well-being: a path model application. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 26(2), 175-185.
    Weinstein, A. (1987). Market segmentation: using niche marketing to exploit new markets. Chicago: Ill., Probus Pub. Co.
    Weitz, Barton A., & Wensley, Robin. (1984). Strategic Marketing: Planning, Implementation and Control. Kent Publishing Company.
    Wind, Y. (1978). Issues and advances in segmentation research. Journal of Marketing Research, 15(3), 317-337.
    Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Zuckerman, M. (1984). Sensation seeking: A comparative approach to a human trait. Behaviour and Brain Science, 7(1), 413-434.
    Zuckerman, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensations seeking. Journal of Personality, 58(1), 313-345.
    Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioural expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York: Cambridge University.
    Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(1), 139-149.
    Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, M. D., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of the three structural models for personality: The big three, the big five and the alternative five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 757-768.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE