大學運動員之運動員認同與生涯阻隔之研究
研究生：劉育靜
指導教授：林德隆
日期：2005年6月
摘 要
本研究目的在於探討大學運動員在運動員認同與生涯阻隔之現況，其次，比較不同背景大學運動員在運動員認同與生涯阻隔之差異，最後則探討運動員認同與生涯阻隔之關係。研究對象為九所大學院校體育相關學系之學生共838人，並以「運動員認同量表」及「大學體育科系學生生涯阻隔量表」為研究工具，進行問卷調查。
根據調查所得資料，以平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、單因子多變項變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法進行處理，結果發現：
一、大學運動員大部份認同自己是運動員的角色，所知覺到的生涯阻隔屬於中下程度。
二、不同背景之大學運動員在運動員認同上有顯著差異存在，整體而言，男性及曾經獲得全國性錦標賽前六名之大學運動員，其運動員認同程度較高。
三、不同背景之大學運動員在生涯阻隔上有顯著差異存在，整體而言，女性、三年級、學校代表隊、體育學院及未修習教育學程組之大學運動員具有較高的生涯阻隔感。
四、不同「運動員認同度」之大學運動員在生涯阻隔上有顯著差異存在，「低運動員認同」組具有較高的生涯阻隔感。
五、大學運動員之運動員認同與生涯阻隔間並無相關。
關鍵詞：大學運動員、運動員認同、生涯阻隔

A Study of Athletic Identity and Career Barriers
on Collegiate athletes
Master’s Thesis, 2005
Liu, Yu-ching
Advisor: Lin, Der-Lung, Ph.D.

ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to clarify the reality of athletic identity and career barriers for collegiate athletes in Taiwan. It was also to compare the differences of the collegiate athletes’ demographic variables in their athletic identity and career barriers. In addition, it tried to probe the relationship between athletic identity and career barriers. The research subjects were 838 students from physical education departments of 9 universities and colleges. The questionnaire Chinese versions of ‘‘AthIetic ldentity Measurement Scale, AIMS’’ and ‘‘The Career Barriers of University Students in Physical Education Departments Table’’ were used as research survey instrument.
According to the data from the questionnaires, mean values, standardized scores, One-way ANOVA, One-way MANOVA and Pearson’s Product-moment Correlation were used for data analysis. The result showed that:
1.Most of collegiate athletes agreed to which an individual identifies with the athlete role. The situation of collegiate athletes’ career barriers was under the average.
2. Significant differences in athletic identity were found for collegiate athletes. As a whole, those who were male, national standards had higher athletic identity.
3. Significant differences in career barriers were found for collegiate athletes. As a whole, Collegiate athletes those who were male, school level, grade three, physical education collegiate studands, not taken education courses had higher career barriers.
4. Significant differences in career barriers were found for collegiate athletes who were differences in athletic identity. Collegiate athletes who were low athletic identity had higher career barriers.
5.There was no correlation between athletic identity and career barriers in collegiate athletes.

Key words：Collegiate athletes, athletic identity, career barriers

引用文獻
一、中文部分
王文科（1999）：教育研究法。台北：五南。
田秀蘭（1998）：男女大學生生涯阻礙因素之分析研究。教育心理學報，30（1），133-147。
呂碧琴（1990）：運動員退休經驗研究：以我國優秀田徑運動員為個案。國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
呂君榮（2000）大學體育科系學生生涯信念與生涯發展阻隔因素之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
何全進、盧俊宏（2002）：運動員自我概念與測驗初探。體育學報，33，147-154。
何全進（2002）：不同運動員認同之運動樂趣來源與運動動機之相關研究。興大體育，6，95-108。
金樹人（1988）：生涯發展與輔導。台北：天馬出版社。
周文祥（1996）：運動員的生涯規劃。國民體育季刊，25（3），60-68。
季力康（2000）：應重視對大學學生運動員之輔導工作。大專體育，47，3-4頁。
邱芳玲（2002）：運動員對生涯規劃應有的認知。學校體育，12（4），54-59。
吳明隆(2003)：SPSS統計應用學習實務：問卷分析與應用統計。臺北：知城。
邱韋誠（2003）：是鎖鏈還是羽翼--原住民棒球選手的運動之路。國立花蓮師範學院多元文化研究所碩士論文 。
林幸台（1987）：生計輔導的理論與實施。台北：五南。
洪 立（2003）：大學體育科系學生生涯發展狀況與生涯阻隔之研究。台北市立體育學院運動科學研究所碩士論文 。
徐世琛（1995）：老年人的性格特徵與生活適應。老人教育，7，2-8。
陳麗如（1984）：大學生生涯發展阻隔因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
陳聖芳（1996）：走在挑戰極限的路上-我國運動員的生活、學業和出路問題。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
黃高賢、呂佳霙、林惠美、周建智、黃美瑤（2003）：運動員生涯規劃之探討。北體學報，11，181-192。
張春興（1984）：踏出校門的第一步：談畢業生就業前的心理準備。自由青年，72（2），35-37。
黃琬婷、孫志麟（2003）：面臨抉擇的師範學院：改革、困境與策略。國立台北師範學院學報，16（2）， 257-280。
張春興（1992）：心理學。台北：東華書局。
張添州（2000）：生涯發展的迷失與省思。諮商與輔導，170，14-15。
張佳晏（2003）：大學女生之生涯自我效能與其生涯成熟、生涯阻隔及因應策略之相關研究。台南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
葉麗琴（2001）：不同運動水準與運動員認同之體育相關科系應屆畢業生就業前生涯決策焦慮與因應方式之差異研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
葉麗琴（2002）：運動水準與性別對運動員認同的影響。中華民國大專院校九十一年度體育學術研討會專刊，280-288。
葉麗琴、葉麗珠（2003）：高中學生運動員目標取向、運動員認同、知覺動機氣候、自覺能力、運動動機與滿足感之研究。2003台灣運動教育學會學術研討會專刊，287-299。
蔡長啟（1984）：運動員的生活、學業與職業。國民體育季刊，13（4），14。
謝佳男（2003）：體育保送之路-以八位學生運動員為例。特殊教育研究學刊，25，243-263。
蘇美雪（1998）：運動員的生涯規劃。台灣體育，98（4），7-10。

二、英文部分
Astle, S. J.（1986）. The experience of loss in athletes. Journalof Sports Medicine and physical fitness,26,279-284.
Baillie, P. H. ＆ Danish, S. J.（1992）. Understanding the career transition of athletes. The Sport Psychologist,6,77-98.
Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L. ＆ Linder, D. E.,（1993）. Athletic Identity：Hercules’Muscles or Achilles Heel？International Journal of Sport Psychology,24,237-254.
Betz, N.E.（1994）. Self - concept theory in career development and counseling. The career development quarterly, 43,32-41.
Cawley, R.（2000）. Playing to win the game of life. Street & Smith’. Sports Business Journal,2（43）,23-28.
Crites, J. O.(1969). Vocational psychology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Danish, S. J.,（1983）. Musing about personal competence. The contributions or sport,Health and fitness.American Journal of Community Psychology,11,221-240.
Fox, K. R., ＆ Corbin, C. B.（1986）. An extension to a model of physical involvement：A preliminary investigation into the role of perceived importance of physical abilities. In J.Watkins, T.Reilly, ＆ L.Burwitz（Eds.）,Sports science（pp.223-228）.London：Spon.
Good, A. J.,Brewer, B. W.,Petitpas, A, J.,Van Raalte, J. L., ＆ Mahar, M. T.（1993）. Identity foreclosure,athletic identity and college sport participation. The Academic Athletic Journal,1-12.
Goodson, W. D. (1981). Do Career Development Needs Exist for all Students Entering College or Just the Undecided Major Students ? Journal of College Student Personal,22(5), 413-417.
Harmon , L. W.（1977）. Career counaeling for women. In E. Rawlings & D.Carter（Eds.）Psychologists Psychotherapy for women. Springfield,IL：Charles C.Thomas.
Herr, E. L.,&Cramer, S. H.(1984). Career guidance & counseling throught the life span.(2). Boston:little, Brown & Company.
Lantz, C. D. ＆ Schroeder, P. J.（1999）. Endorsement of masculine and feminine gender roles：differences between participation in and identification with the athletic role. Journal of sport behavior,22,545-557.
Markus, H.（1997）. Self - schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,35,63-78.
Martin, J. J.,Eklund, R. C. ＆Mushett, C. A.（1997）. Factor structure of the athletic identity measurement scale with athletes with disabilities. Adapted physical activity quarterly,14（1）,74-82.
McPherson, B, D.（1980）. Retirement from professional sport：The process and problems of occupational and psychological adjustment. Sociology Symposium,30,126-143.
Nelson, E.（1983）. How the myth of the dumb jock becomes fact：a developmental view for counselors. Counseling and Values,3,176-185.
Ogilvie, B. C. ＆ Howe, M. A.（1982）. Career crisis in sport. In T.Orlick,J.Partington, ＆ J.Salmela（Eds.）,Mental training for coaches and athletes（pp.22-38）. Ottawa,ON：Coaching Associaton of Canada.
Ogilvie, B. C.（1983）. The orthopedist role in children sport. Orthopedic Clinics in North America,14,361-372.
O’Leary, V. E.(1974). Some Attitudinal Barriers To Occupational Aspirations in Women. Psychological Bullein, 81(11), 809-826.
Pearlin, L. I.（1983）. Role strains and personal stress. In H.B.Kaplan（Ed.）,Psychosocial Stress：Trends in Theory and Research. New York：Academic Press.
Pearson, R. E.,＆Petitpas, A.（1990）. Transitions of athletes：Developmentaland preventive perspectives. Journal of counseling and Development,69,7-10.
Petitpas, A. J.（1987）. Psychological care for injured athletes. Unpublished manuscript,Spring-field College , Springfiled , MA,USA.
Petitpas, A. J. & Champagne,D.E.（1988）. Developmental programming for intercollegiate athletes. Journal of College Student Development,29,454-459.
Simpson, K. E.（1999）. Athletic identity and developmental task achievement in a sample of intercollegiate athletes. A dissertation presented to the College of Education University of Denver.
Sobol,M.G.(1963).Commitment to work .In F.I.Nye&L.W. Hoffman (eds)The employ mother in America(pp.40-63).Chicago :Rand McNally.
Swanson , J. L., & Tokar , D. M.(1991). College students’ perception of barriers to career development .Journal of Vocational Behavior,38,92-106.
Swanson , J. L., & Woitke , M. B.（1997）. Theory into practice in career assessment for women：Assessment and interventions regarding perceived barriers. Journal of Career Assessment,5（4）,443-462.
Mcwhirter, E. H., Torres D., & Rasheed S. (1998). Assessing barriers to women’s career adjustment. Journal of Career Assessment,6(4),449-479.
Nieva , V. F.,& Gutek , B. A.（1981）. Women and Work：A Psychological perspective. New York：Praeger.
Webb, W. M.,Nasco, S. A.,Riley, S. ＆ Headrick, B.（1998）. Athlete identity and reactions to retirement from sports.Journal of Sport Behavior,21（3）,338-362.
Wiechman, S. A. & Williams, J.（1997）. Relation of athletic identity to injury and mood disturbance. Journal of Sport Behavior,20,199-210.