本研究主要在探討，各入水參數及身體姿勢對於截面積及水底滑行期的影響，希望藉由結果改善選手的出發動作、減低水阻，以增進滑行期表現。十三位男性受試者皆為甲組水準的選手，年齡平均為18.31±2.84 歲，泳訓時間平均7.77±3.98年。以Peak攝影機（60Hz）、JVC（60Hz）行2-D攝影法，來蒐集騰空期及滑行期的資料。結果分析後得到：
（1） 在滑行期方面，攻擊角與截面積皆與滑行表現呈負相關，若欲減小
水阻以維持前進動量則必需減小攻擊角與截面積。
（2） 另外，影響入水截面積最重要的因素是攻擊角（相關值達0.92，兩者呈高度正相關）。
（3） 動作技術上，身體傾角大於入水角度時較能減小入水截面積；故為盡量減低入水截面積，有必要進一步修正身體入水角度。

關鍵詞：游泳出發、入水截面積、攻擊角、滑行期

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entry kinematic variable and body position on hole size and glide phase. In addition, we hope to find a proper posture of entry to reduce the water resistance, so that swimmers may perform better during the glide. Thirteen skilled male swimmers were served as the subjects for the study. Their mean age, training years were 18.31±2.84 years, and 7.77±3.98 years respectively. One peak camera (60Hz) and one JVC camera (60Hz) were used to collect the data on flight and glide phase. The result was showed as below:
（1） There is high negative relation between angle of attack and glide performance, same situation exists between hole size and glide performance as well. So that minimizing the drag force caused by the two events will maintain the momentum of the dive.
（2） There is extremely high positive relation between attack of angle and hole size (r= .92, P< .01), which means the higher the angle of attack, the larger the hole size would be. As for entry technique, no matter what kind of start method used, as long as the angle of body larger than the angle of COM, certainly it would result in smaller hole.
（3） Because the hole size mainly affected by the posture of body. In order to minimize the range of hole size, the angle of legs need to be modified.

Key words: Swimming start, Hole size, Angle of attack, Glide phase

中文部份：
方瑞民、廖文武。（1984）。游泳出發入水法的力學分析比較研究。亞洲體
育， 1，72-74。
古國宏、黃長福。（2001年11月）。不適當跳水所導致的脊椎傷害。發表
於中華民國大專院校九十年度體育學術研討會。台中市：國立台灣
體育學院。
古國宏、黃國銓、郭耿舜和林德嘉。（2002年6月）。甲乙組游泳選手出發
之騰空期動作技術分析。發表於二００二年國際運動訓練科學研討
會。桃園縣：國立體育學院。
林明義。（1988）。游泳出發入水對二十五公尺捷泳成績的影響。國立臺北
商專學報， 30，40-107。
林建德、姬梁文。（1996）。投擲運動數學模型之研究。體育學報， 21，
127-134。
武育勇。（1998）。游泳論。臺北縣：啟英文化公司。
唐瑞顯。（2000）。優秀游泳選手捷泳出發動作之運動學分析。未出版 碩
士論文，國立台灣師範大學體育研究所，台北市，台灣。
黃晉揚、洪得明。（1992）。游泳競賽高跳式出發之運動學分析。國立體育
學院論叢， 2(2),223-232。
曹培熙、張潔儀。（1992）。基礎物理學。台北市：曉園出版社。
許慧玲譯。（1995）。一手指、頭、腳的順序，均從同一位置入水。游泳入
門（pp.52-53）。台南市：漢風出版社。
許樹淵。（1976）。屈伸動作對游泳出發入水的影響。國民體育季刊， 5，
67-68。
許樹淵。（1977）。跳水的力學分析。師大學報，441-447。
許樹淵。（1990）。蛙王，堅強的出發吧！。臺灣體育， 51，23-26。
許樹淵。（2000）。運動技術教學法。台北市：師大書苑。
陳耀邦。（1982）。出發。游泳技術（pp.212-226）。台北市：學海出版社。

日文部份：
河合正治。（1996）。Swimming Magazine, 1, 72-75。
英文部份：
M, Bruce. et al. (2000). Sydney Olympic Games Biomechanical Analysis.
Australia: Biomechanical Dept.Australian Institution of Sport.
Counsilman, J. E. (1977). Competitive swimming manual：Starts and turns.
Indiana : Counsilman Co.
Gehlsen, G. M., & Wingfield, J. (1998). Biomechanical analysis of competitive
swimming starts and spinal cord injuries. The Journal of Swimming
Research, 13, 23-30.
Groves, R.& Roberts, J. A. (1970). A further investigation of the optimum angle
of projection for the racing start in swimming. The Research Quarterly,
43(2), 167-174.
Guimares, A. C. S., & Hay, J. G. (1985). A mechanical analysis of the grab
starting technique in swimming. Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 1, 25-35.
Hobbie, P. (1980). Analysis of the flat vs. the hole entry. Swimming Technique,
16(4), 112-117.
Hay, J. G. (1987). Swimming biomechanics: A brief review. Swimming
Technique, 1986, 15-21.
Lyttle, A. D., Blanksby, B. A., Elliott, B. C.,＆ Lloyd, D. G. (1998). The effect
of depth and velocity on drag during the streamlined glide. The Journal of
Swimming Research, 13, 15-22.
Maglischo, E. W. (1982). Swimming even faster. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Pearson, C. T., Mecelory, G. K., Blitvich, J. D., Subic, A., & Blanksby, B. A.
(1998). A comparison of the swimming start using traditional and
modified starting blocks. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 34(2), 49-
66.
Wilson, D. S., ＆ Marino, G. W. (1983). Kinematic analysis of three starts.
Swimming Technique, 19(4), 30-34.
Winter, D. A. (1990). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement (2nd
ed, pp.56-57). New York: John Wiley & Sons.