本研究旨在探討已婚職業婦女家計負擔角色之現況及其影響因素為何。首先了解理論基礎-角色理論,角色理論中結構性的角色觀點與過程角色取向能分別說明已婚職業婦女家計負擔角色在變遷社會中的多元面貌;接著探究家計負擔角色的意義及測量方式,以相關的研究結果作為研究設計的參考,確定變項之間的關係後,以家計負擔角色態度與家計負擔角色行為為依變項,而已婚職業婦女的個人背景因素、性別角色態度、家庭情境因素為自變項,了解自變項與依變項之間相關、差異及影響情形。為蒐集資料,本研究設計「已婚職業婦女家計負擔角色調查問卷」,以台北市、高雄市共六所國小、國中、高中之學生家長為職業婦女者進行調查,有效樣本數總計374人。資料取得後經過整理、統計分析,研究發現為:1. 已婚職業婦女家計負擔角色態度現況為處於傳統與現代的分界點。2. 已婚職業婦女絕大多數實際參與家計負擔角色的行為。3. 受教育年數、社經地位、個人收入、性別角色態度與家計負擔角色態度有顯著正相關。4. 配偶收入、配偶支持度與家計負擔角色行為有顯著負相關,性別角色態度與家計負擔角色行為有顯著正相關。5. 已婚職業婦女家計負擔角色態度與家計負擔角色行為並無顯著相關情形。6. 已婚職業婦女不因與父母公婆的經濟關係不同而造成家計負擔角色態度的差異。7. 已婚職業婦女中「父母負擔我的費用」者比「僅逢年過節送紅包」者扮演較多的家計負擔角色行為。8. 「性別角色態度」與「社經地位」最能有效預測已婚職業婦女的家計負擔角色態度。9. 「配偶收入」與「性別角色態度」最能有效預測已婚職業婦女的家計負擔角色行為。最後根據研究發現,作成結論與建議,供已婚職業婦女本身、家庭、教育單位、制定政策者及未來相關研究的參考。

The purpose of this paper is to research the breadwinner role of employed wives and its affecting factors. Role theory is used to examine employed wives' multiple orientations to breadwinner role in the changing society. The focus is on the breadwinner role behavior and the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives, the affecting factors of which are personal background, gender role attitude and family situation. Data are from a questionnaire survey of 374 employed wives. The statistical methods of this study are correlation, multiple stepwise regression and analysis of variance. Conclusions are that the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives falls in the median of traditional values and modern ones, that most employed wives observe the breadwinner role behavior, that "gender role attitude" and "social status" can predict the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives, and that "spouses' income" and "gender role attitude" can predict the breadwinner role of employed wives.