研究生: |
陳加雯 Chia-wen Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
博物館展示與知識形塑-以「兵馬俑-秦文化特展」為例 Museum Exhibition and the Shaping of Knowledge: A Study of 'Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, The First Qin Emperor' |
指導教授: |
陳雪雲
Chen, Sheue-Yun |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
社會教育學系 Department of Adult and Continuing Education |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 126頁 |
中文關鍵詞: | 博物館 、展示 、知識 、兵馬俑 |
英文關鍵詞: | museum, exhibition, knowledge, Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:330 下載:32 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
博物館展示規劃歷程涉及符號系統的操弄,而這些符號系統的選擇,不但牽動知識形塑,背後亦潛藏博物館專業對知識/權力的操控。本研究選取國立歷史博物館展出的「兵馬俑—秦文化特展」為研究個案,交叉檢證「展場觀察紀錄」、「訪談逐字稿」、「文件」和「導覽錄音」等資料,企圖檢證國內博物館現象最特出的「超級特展」,所影射的知識與權力的關係。
根據研究發現,展場裡符號系統的串連與排除,所呈現的是設計師與館員之間專業的角力。展示品在專業慣性詮釋下,被置入歷史的書寫,用以展現「秦」的政治性、軍事性、科學性等文化面。深究展示符號系統呈現的意涵,暗示物質文化論述的肯定,揭示觀眾與博物館專業古今詮釋權之差異,並隱含大中華文化認同。觀眾則在選擇踏入展場之際,一方面淪為博物館專業規訓的對象,另一方面受到展場空間與自身的文化資本影響,體現跳脫專業想像的參觀經驗。擴大探討博物館展示與媒體、企業、基金會結合的辦展模式,以及展場中讓渡更多的販賣空間等現象,引發了文化商品化與通俗化的疑慮。論述整個博物館專業與觀眾之間的間隙,在納入更多的文化中介者和更複雜的專業技術之後,並沒有縮小的趨勢。「超級特展」所帶來的不僅只是表面的人潮喧鬧景象,更是博物館立於多元社會中,如何在操作知識產製權力之際,做到照顧多元觀眾需求的深層議題。
Museum exhibition, both cultural and aesthetic, is constituted social practices that deploy power and shape knowledge. Accordingly, this study undertakes to investigate the National Museum of History's 2000 'Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, The First Qin Emperor' exhibitiion. A multi-method research that includes interviews, participation observation, library research and documentary analysis is set out in an attempt to examine the exhibition making in the cultural, historical and social contexts.
It is evident that confrontations rage inside the professional museum community. For example, exhibition teams including native curators, designers and museum professionals from Mainland China are in 'culture wars' whether they are in the selection of 'story-centered' and 'story-centered' exhibitions, or in the deployment of exhibition elements. Since the visitors decide to experience the 'aura' of exhibition, museum authority has a privilege in epistemic guidance. Nevertheless, the visitors are host to a multitude of expressive styles. Like a literature, 'Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, The First Qin Emperor' exhibition represents a variety of meanings in which many voices, such as 'great emperor', 'male', 'ancient Chinese civilization', 'motherland', 'objects in museum' and 'you are invited' etc. are created.
The National Museum of History has a tradition in partnering with profit and cultural organizations. Not surprisingly, 'Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, The First Qin Emperor' exhibition incorporates along with entrepreneurs and third sectors, to undertake joint promotion, advertising and marketing campaigns, especially, the United Daily News. As a consequence, the 'blockbuster' exhibition is becoming more theatrical, more dramatically and more recreational.
The aim professed by contemporary museums is to fit people into the public sphere that whoever they are can equally gain access to. Finally, I suggest that museums have a social obligation to scrutinize self-knowledge and elaborate the semiotic display in the pursuit of intellectual, moral and aesthetic values, rather than compete to attract audiences and glorify to break the records of museum admission.
王雅各譯(民87)文明的儀式:公共美術館之內。台北市:遠流。
王嵩山(民80)。過去的未來:博物館中的人類學空間。台北縣:稻鄉。
王嵩山(民88)。博物館與文化多樣性:兼論台灣作為文化多樣性的實驗室之意涵。台灣博物館民族誌論壇社通訊,2(1),3-12頁。
王嵩山(民89)。展示的社會文化觀察。台灣博物館民族誌論壇社通訊,3(2),3-6頁。
王嘉慧(民88)。博物館研習方案規劃之研究—以國立歷史博物館為例。國立師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文。
王健文(民89)。來自西土的牧馬民族:從獨霸西戎到統一天下。載於國立歷史博物館編輯委員會編輯,兵馬俑—秦文化特展。台北市:史博館。
王德威譯(民82)。知識的考掘。台北市:麥田。
朱元鴻譯(民83)。傅柯與現代性之批判。載於朱元鴻校訂,後現代理論—批判的質疑。台北市:巨流。
朱元鴻(民85)。歐洲?社會?理論?─布西亞的消逝藝術。載於黃瑞琪主編,歐洲社會理論。台北市:中研院歐美所。
朱元鴻(民86)。這雙腳所經驗的階層:美學判斷初探。國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學,7(1),111-129頁。
余舜德(民84)。空間、論述與樂趣—夜市在台灣社會的定位。載於黃應貴編,空間、力與社會。台北市:中研院民族所。
呂理政(民88)。博物館展示的傳統與展望。台北市:南天。
林志明譯(民86)。物體系。台北市:時報。
岳南(民88)。復活的軍團:秦始皇陵兵馬俑發現之謎(上、下)。台北市:遠流。
周遠廉主編(民85)。中國封建王朝興亡史(秦漢篇)。北京:廣西人民出版社。
胡幼慧(民85)。質性研究:理論、方法即本土女性研究實例。台北市:巨流。
胡家瑜(民85)。從民族學研究到異文化展示—由台大人類學系「原住民物質文化」特展談起。國立台灣大學考古人類學刊,51,148-171頁。
胡家瑜(民86)。器物詮釋與文化展示:人類學的觀看角度。載於國立歷史博物館編輯委員會編輯,博物館學研討會—博物館的呈現與文化論文集。台北市:史博館。
洪惠芬譯(民88)。傅科。載於林秀麗,林庭瑤,洪惠芬等譯,社會學理論的觀點(315-344頁)。台北市:韋伯。
韋心瀅(民89)。滾滾塵煙中的馬蹄聲:談兵馬俑與秦文化。古典美術,99,108-111頁。
夏鑄九等譯(民87)。網絡社會之崛起。台北市:唐山。
曾小英(民85)。由博物館符號學看民族文物的詮釋。博物館學季刊,10(2),57-64頁。
許功明(民87)。博物館與原住民。台北市:南天。
郭生玉(民80)。心理與教育研究法。台北縣:精華。
郭瑞坤(民89)。當代台灣博物館「超級特展」熱:一個「論述」層面的初步分析。國立台南藝術學院博物館學研究所碩士論文。
陳茂泰(民86)。博物館與慶典:人類學文化再現的類型與政治。中央研究院民族研究所集刊,84,137-182頁。
陳雪雲(民87)。淺談博物館「學」~文化研究的觀點。社會教育學刊,27,89-111頁。
陳雪雲(民89)。經驗、自我與學習。社會教育學刊,29,57-92頁。
張心龍譯(民87)。前衛藝術的轉型。台北市:遠流。
張君玫譯(民89)。解釋性互動論。台北市:弘智文化。
張譽騰(民83)。走在博物館的時空裡。台北縣:稻鄉。
張譽騰譯(民85)。後現代/後現代博物館—當代博物館評論的新走向。博物館學季刊,10(2),3-11頁。
張譽騰(民89)。當代博物館探索。台北市:南天。
黃光男(民87)。美術館廣角鏡。台北市:藝術家。
黃光男(民88)。博物館新視覺。台北市:正中。
黃光男(民89)。別有天地非人間—側看兵馬俑。載於國立歷史博物館編輯委員會編輯,兵馬俑—秦文化特展。台北市:史博館。
楊大春(民86)。傅柯。台北市:生智。
楊小濱(民84)。否定的美學:法蘭克福學派的文藝理論和文化批評。台北市:麥田。
漢寶德(民89)。展示規劃:理論與實務。台北市:田園城市。
榮真編著(民87)。秦始皇嬴政。台北市:虎林。
蔡采秀譯(民87)。傅柯。台北市:巨流。
劉康(民84)。對話的喧聲:巴赫汀文化理論述評。台北市:麥田。
鄭惠英譯(民77)。展示設計。博物館學季刊,2(1),3-11頁。
賴嘉玲(民84)。莫內故宮展和台灣社會文化變遷—一個文化生產場域的個案。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
羅國治編著(民84)。中華帝國爭霸史第六冊:秦始皇‧大秦帝國。台北市:華嚴。
《英文部分》
Alpers, Svetlana (1991). The Museum as a Way of Seeing. In Steven D. Lavine and Ivan Karp(Ed.), Exhibiting Culture. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution.
Bal, Mieke (1996).The Discourse of the Museum. In Reesa Greeberg, Bruce W. Ferguson & Sandy Nairne (Eds.), Thinking about Exhibitions. London and New York: Routledge.
Baxandall, Michael (1991). Exhibiting Intention: Some Preconditions of the Visual Display of Culturally Purposeful Objects. In Steven D. Lavine and Ivan Karp(Ed.), Exhibiting Culture. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution.
Belcher, Michael (1991). Museum Exhibition. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution.
Bennett, Tony (1996). The exhibitionary complex. In Reesa Greeberg, Bruce W. Ferguson & Sandy Nairne (Eds.), Thinking about Exhibitions. London and New York: Routledge.
Bourdieu, Pierre and Darbel, Alain (1991). The Love of Art. Cambridge and Oxford: Polity.
Burcaw, G. Ellis(1975). Introduction to Museum Work. Nashville : American Association for State and Local History.
Collins, J. (1989). The Predicament of Culture: twentieth-Century Ethnography. In Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University.
Coxall, Helen (1996). How Language means: an Alternative View of Museums Text. In G. Kavanagh (Ed.), Museum Languages: Objects and Texts. London and New York: Leicester.
Dean, David (1994). Museum Exhibition: Theory and Practice. London and New York: Routledge.
Duncan, Carol(1991). Art Museums and the Ritual of Citizenship. In Steven D. Lavine and Ivan Karp (Ed.), Exhibiting Culture. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution.
Earnst, Wolfgang (1996). Framing the fragment: Archaeology, art ,museum. In P. Duro (Ed.), The Rhetoric of the Frame (pp.81-135).
Ferguson, Bruce W. (1996). Exhibition Rhetorics: Material Speech and Utter Sense. In Reesa Greeberg, Bruce W. Ferguson & Sandy Nairne (Eds.), Thinking about Exhibitions. London and New York: Routledge.
Foster, Hal(1996). Recodings: Art, Spectacle, Cultural Politics. Seattle and Washington: Bay.
Foucault, Michel(1970). The Order of Things. London: Tavistock.
Hall, Stuart (1980). Encoding/decoding. In Stuart Hall, Dorothy Hobson, Andrew Lowe& Paul Willis (Eds.), Culture, Media, Language. London: Unwin Hyman.
Hall, Stuart (1997). Introduction. In S. Hall(Ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London, Thousand Oaks& New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Harvey, D. (1980). The Condition of Knowledge. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Hein, Hild (1998). Museums: From Object to Experience. In C. Korsmeyer (ed.), Aesthetic: The Big Questions. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean (1988). Counting Visitors or Visitors Who Count? In Robert Lumley (Ed.), The Museum Time-Machine. London and New York: Routledge.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean (1992). Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge. London and New York: Routledge.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean (1996). A new communication model for museums. In G. Kavanagh (Ed.), Museum Languages: Objects and Texts. London and New York: Leicester.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean (1997). Toward Plural Perspectives. In Eilean Hooper-Greenhill(Ed.), Cultural Diversity: Developing Museum Audiences in Britain. London and New York: Leicester University.
Kaplan, Flora E. S. (1994).Introducion. In Flora E. S. Kaplan(Ed.), Museums and the Making of “Ourselves”: The Role of Objects in National Identity. London and New York: Leicester University.
Karp, Ivan (1997).How Museums Define Other Cultures. In Susan L. Feagin and Patrick Maynard(Ed.), Aesthetics. Oxford: Oxford University.
Lidchi, Henrietta (1997). The poetics and politics of exhibiting other cultures. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London, Thousand Oaks& New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Macdonald, Sharon and Silverstone, Roger(1999). Rewriting the Museum’s Fictions: Taxonomies, Stories and Readers. In David Boswell and Jessica Evans(Ed.), Representing the Nation: a Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
Meijers, Deboral J. The Museum and the ‘Ahistorical’ Exhibition: the Latest gimmick by the Arbiters of Test, or an Important Cultural Phenomenon. In Reesa Greeberg, Bruce W. Ferguson & Sandy Nairne (Eds.), Thinking about Exhibitions. London and New York: Routledge.
Malraux, Andre (1953).Mseum Without Walls. In The Voices of Silence, pp.13-16.
Mcmanus, Paulette M. (1996). Making sense of exhibits. In G. Kavanagh (Ed.), Museum Languages: Objects and Texts. London and New York: Leicester.
Pearce, Susan (1997).Making Other People. In Eilean Hooper-Greenhill(Ed.), Cultural Diversity: Developing Museum Audiences in Britain. London and New York: Leicester.
Prosler, Martin (1996).Museums and globalization. In Sharon Macdonald& Gordon Fyfe (Eds.), Theorizing Museums. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
Stewart, S.(1984). On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature. In the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection. Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins Press.
Walsh, Kevin (1995). The Representation of the Past. London and New York: Routledge.
Yamaguchi, Masao(1991). The Poetics of Exhibition in Japanese Culture. In Steven D. Lavine and Ivan Karp(Ed.), Exhibiting Culture. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution.