研究生: |
姚俊全 Yao, Chiun-Chuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
企業員工內外控人格傾向、學習動機與其同步教學偏好之研究 -以參與H補教業者英語同步教學課程之學員為例 The Relationship between the Synchronous Learning Preference and the Employees’ Locus of Control as well as the Learning Motivation –A Case Study of the Trainees Joining Synchronous English Classes Provided by H Cram School |
指導教授: |
朱益賢
Chu, Yih-Hsien |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
科技應用與人力資源發展學系 Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development |
論文出版年: | 2011 |
畢業學年度: | 99 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 156 |
中文關鍵詞: | 同步教學 、內外控人格 、學習動機 、學習偏好 、遠距教學 、線上學習 、同步教學偏好 |
英文關鍵詞: | synchronous instruction, locus of control, learning motivation, learning preference, distance instruction, online learning, synchronous learning preference |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:208 下載:20 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
隨著寬頻網路的推動、資訊科技的發達以及彈性學習需求的增加,具互動性高的同步教學則已成為學習發展的重要趨勢之一,但同步教學屬於剛起步的階段,應用於企業教育訓練相關的研究仍屬罕見。因此,本研究先探討影響企業推動同步教學的因素及阻礙企業推動同步教學模式的因素,再進一步分析在職學員之個人背景、內外控人格及學習動機強弱程度對其同步教學偏好的影響。
為達成上述研究目的,本研究對象選擇參與H補教業者英語同步教學課程之在職學員(含兼職學員),且必須上過此英語同步教學課程至少8堂課(每堂50分鐘)以上,並透過「影響企業員工同步教學偏好因素調查問卷」來取得相關數據資料,再依研究目的進行獨立性卡方檢定,以彙整出以下五點研究結論,包括:
一、影響企業推動同步教學的因素-組織規模、主管主持、組織支持、學習者人數、學習者動機、學習者特性、課程類型、成本、企業的網路基礎建設。
二、企業推動同步教學的阻礙有四構面-設備、成本、辦訓單位及學習者,其中又以辦訓單位及學習者影響最大。
三、工作地點位於北區(基北桃竹)以內的學習者偏好傳統教學,北區以外的學習者偏好同步教學。
四、內控人格傾向學習者偏好同步教學,外控人格傾向學習者偏好傳統教學。
五、在學習動機中,「求知樂趣」或「自我實現」動機較高的學習者偏好同步教學。
最後,本研究根據以上結論,提出幾點實務上的建議:
一、對企業辦訓者的建議:(1)當外地與本地學習者皆需與本地講師進行學習時,本地的學習者採用傳統教學,外地的學習者採用同步教學,若只有一位講師,則辦訓時間要錯開。(2)篩選出內、外控人格傾向的學習者,並安排內控人格傾向學習者參與同步教學,外控人格傾向學習者參與傳統教學。(3)區分出在學習動機中,求知樂趣或自我實現動機較高的學習者,並為其安排同步教學,而此兩類學習動機較低的學習者則安排傳統教學。
二、對補教業者的建議:依照本研究提供的「參與同步教學模式自我評估表」給第一次參與同步教學課程的學習者填寫,補教業者可瞭解學習者在參與同步教學模式前的準備度是否已經足夠,並給予額外課程安排。
三、對未來研究的建議可探討:(1)科技接受度、資訊基本能力與同步教學偏好之間的關係。(2)同步教學如何平衡工作與樂活。(3)課程類別與同步教學偏好之間的關係。(4)學習者部門類別與同步教學偏好之間的關係。
Because of the promotion of the broadband network, the advances in information technology, and the demand for flexible learning, synchronous instruction which features high interactivity has become one of the important trends in the learning development field. But the researches related to the education and training program in companies are still rare. This study reviewed much literature about the promotions and obstructions of the online learning in companies and also compared with the features of synchronous instruction to conclude the promotions and obstructions of the synchronous instruction in companies. This study, furthermore, investigated whether the trainees’ personal background, locus of control, and the learning motivation would influence their learning preferences.
To accomplish the above-mentioned objections, this study selected those trainees who joined the synchronous English classes for 8 hours at least in H online cram school. This study collected research data through this study questionnaire and aimed to analyze the data by chi-square test and reached 5 conclusions shown as below:
1.The influential factors in the promotion of companies’ synchronous instruction, including: the size of the organization, supervisor support, organization support, the number of trainees, the learning motivation of the trainees, the trainees’ traits, the contents of courses, the cost, and the enterprise network infrastructure.
2.The 4 impeding dimensions to companies’ synchronous instruction: the equipment, the cost, the training units, and the trainees, especially the last two dimensions.
3.The trainees who work in the north area (Keelong, Taipei, Taoyuan, and Hsinchu) prefer the traditional instruction, while the trainees of the other area prefer the synchronous instruction.
4.The trainees with an internal control prefer the synchronous instruction, while the trainees with an external control prefer the traditional instruction.
5.The trainees with high learning motivation in achieving cognitive interest or self-actualization prefer the synchronous instruction.
Finally, this study proposed a few suggestions for the training practice and the future research:
1.Suggestions for the company training unit: (1)When the instructor at the parent company need to train the trainees who work at different places, the traditional instruction suits the trainees who work at the parent company, while the synchronous instruction suits the trainees who works at the subsidiary. If there is only one instructor, then the training program for those trainees who work at different places cannot be arranged at the same time. (2)The training program should be arranged based on the trainees’ locus of control. The trainees with an internal control should be arranged to join the synchronous instruction program, while those with an external control should be arranged to join the traditional instruction program. (3)The training program should be arranged based on the trainees’ learning motivation which is cognitive interest or self-actualization.The synchronous instruction program should be arranged for the trainees with high learning motivation in achieving cognitive interest or self-actualization, while the traditional instruction program should be arranged for the trainees with low learning motivation in achieving these two kinds.
2.Suggestions for the cram schools: Use the “ self-assessment scale for joining the synchronous instruction model” to understand whether the trainees’ readiness for the synchronous instruction model is enough. Then the cram schools can provide the extra learning plan if the trainee needs.
3.Suggestions for the future research: (1)The relationship between technology acceptance or information basic capability and the learning preference for the synchronous instruction should be explored. (2)How could the synchronous instruction balance work and life? (3)The relationship between the different course and the trainees’ synchronous learning preferences should be investigated. (4)The relationship between the trainees’ departments and their synchronous learning preference should be investigated.
一、中文部份
中山大學資訊管理學系同步網路教學碩士學分班第四期招生簡章 (無日期)。2010年5月11日,取自http://elearning.mis.nsysu.edu.tw/index.htm
中華電信股份有限公司(2011)。中華電信HiNet ADSL及光世代升速又降價感恩回饋。2011年6月8日,取自http://www.cht.com.tw/CompanyCat.php?CatID=4&NewsID=4333&Page=HotNewsDetail
王文科、王智弘(2008)。教育研究法(第十二版)。臺北市,五南。
王文雯(2008)。中小企業導入數位學習之比較。國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
白家瑋(2009)。同步與非同步同儕互評運用在大學生寫作之比較。國立清華大學外國語文學系碩士論文,未出版,新竹市。
交大遠距同步教學 e化學習不中斷(2009)。2010/5/12取自http://www.pac.nctu.edu.tw/News/news_more.php?id=223
行政院人事行政局(2008)。數位學習So easy-公部門數位學習最佳指南。臺北市:行政院人事行政局。
行政院研究發展考核委員會(2009a)。資訊社會趨勢:ICT演變與數位應用之行為變化研究。2010年5月11日,取自http://www.rdec.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4024389&ctNode=12062&mp=100
行政院研究發展考核委員會(2009b)。98年個人家戶數位落差調查報告。2010年5月11日,取自http://www.rdec.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4024389&ctNode=12062&mp=100
何偲安、林鴻泰、許維芳、施玉芬(2003)。調查研究。載於潘慧玲(主編),教育研究的取徑概念與應用(頁37-80)。臺北市:高等教育。
吳子輝(1974)。內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績的影響。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
吳秀珠(2008)。發展同步網路教學品質量表之研究。國立中山大學資訊管理學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
吳蕙怡(2003)。利用網路教學平台之同步討論功能─探討群組特質與群組大小對合作學習成效之影響。淡江大學資訊管理學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北縣。
吳靜吉、潘養源、丁興祥(1980)。內外控取向與工作滿足及績效之關係。國立政治大學學報,41,61-74。
李再長、黃麗鴦(2007)。在職人士進修之學習動機、學習滿意度及學習績效之相關研究-以成大碩士在職專班為例。人力資源管理學報,7(4),1-24。
李漢雄(2001)。人力訓練與發展。臺北縣:國立空中大學。
汪承蓉(2003)。實施網路教學線上即時授課之問題探討與解決方法。國立中山大學資訊管理學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
沈中偉(2008)。科技與學習:理論與實務。臺北市:心理。
沈俊毅(譯)(2007)。M. Simonson, S. Smadldion, M. Albright, & S. Zvacek著。遠距教學與學習:遠距教育的基礎(Instruction and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education)。臺北市:心理。
林佩誼(2010)。線上同步教學一對一即時互動系統使用性之研究-以JoinNet為例。國立臺北教育大學教育傳播與科技研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
林金賢(2004)。結合網路同步教學與多媒體網站輔助華文新聞教學的探討。國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
林俊成(2007)。網路學習環境中混成同步教學模式之探討。國立中山大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
林淑燕(2006)。企業導入e-learning於教育訓練之個案研究。國立臺北教育大學教育傳播與科技研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
邱皓政(2006)。量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析範例解析。臺北市:五南。
施富川(2005)。網路教學同步教室的教學模式探討。國立中山大學資訊管理學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
財團法人資訊工業策進會(2009a)。數位學習與典藏產業推動計畫 產業輔導與升級分項計畫--學習產業轉型與升級 國內外數位學習現況調查彙整與分析期中報告。2010年9月29日,取自http://www.epark.org.tw/images/20091203191446image_6.pdf
財團法人資訊工業策進會(2009b)。2009年臺灣數位內容產業年鑑。臺北市:工業局數位內容產業辦公室。
財團法人資訊工業策進會FIND(2010)。「2009年產業資訊應用現況與需求調查報告」—顧客管理和產品行銷為下階段企業資訊應用導入趨勢。2011年4月14日, 取自http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=many&id=256
財團法人資訊工業策進會FIND(2011a)。2010年我國家庭寬頻現況與需求調查。臺北市:財團法人資訊工業策進會。
財團法人資訊工業策進會FIND(2011b)。2010 年第四季臺灣寬頻光纖用戶已出現超越 xDSL 態勢。數位知識閱刊,9。2011年4月14日, 取自http://www.find.org.tw/ipub_monthly/ipub_monthly.html
張文華(2004)。同步網路合作學習中學習風格對國小學童學習之影響。國立臺南大學資訊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺南市。
張芳全(2008)。統計就是要這樣跑。臺北市:心理出版社。
張春興(2002)。教育心理學-三化取向的理論與實踐(修訂版)。臺北市:東華書局。
張偉杰(2008)。網路同步教學環境下人格特質對創造力影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學工業科技教育學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
郭慧中(2010)。2009數位學習產業現況與產值調查分析。2010年5月11日,取自http://idp.teldap.tw/epaper/20100430/430
陳年興、魏春旺、黃彥傑(2010)。線上同步教學錄製工具之重要功能構面分析與探討。數位學習科技期刊,2(2),65-77。
陳村河(2001)。國營事業民營化留用員工工作壓力之研究-以台肥公司員工為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
陳良玨(2004)。 IT 產業採用電子化學習關鍵成功因素分析。國立臺灣師範大學圖文傳播學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
陳衍華(2003)。同步與非同步教學模式探討。2010年9月22日,取自http://www.iiiedu.org.tw/knowledge/knowledge20030131_2.htm
陳萌智(2004)。網路教學的機會、現況與挑戰。載於網路教學理論與實作(頁1-20)。臺北市:文魁資訊。
陳蓉倩、楊錦心、蘇照雅(2007)。角色扮演教學法在網路同步教學環境下實施之探究。生活科技教育月刊,40(5),3-13。
陳潓萱(2008)。同步與非同步網路語音溝通對英語口語學習之成效。國立臺灣師範大學英語學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
游玉梅(2007)。探索同步線上學習的世界-執行要領分享。研習論壇,81,14-30。
游光昭、李大偉(2003)。網路化教育訓練概論。臺北市:師大書苑。
辜樹仁(2010)。培訓兩百人 奇異靠人脈賺中國財。天下雜誌,451, 72。
黃富順(1989)。成人心理與學習。臺北市:師大書苑。
資策會數位教育研究所龍門課站(無日期)。2010年5月11日,取自http://km.iiiedu.org.tw/ddmoodle/
鄒景平(2006)。數位學習的四項要素。研習論壇,71,24-29。
僑務委員會2010學年網路同步互動教學時間表(無日期)。2010年5月11日,取自http://chcsdl.open2u.com.tw/wm/
僑務委員會99華文網路種子師資培訓班(無日期)。2010年5月11日,取自http://ocac.go2school.com.tw/ocac10/online2/style.html
廖玉齡(2007)。成人學習動機、學習行為、學習機會與創新表現關係之研究-以管理碩士在職專班為例。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義縣。
劉仲矩、覃玉如(2008)。阻礙企業員工參與數位學習原因與激勵方式之研究。Electronic Commerce Studies,6(2),207-227。
劉新茹(2008)。發展線上跨國協同教學的評估準則。國立中山大學資訊管理學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
劉謦儀(2003)。國內企業e-Learning實施現況之分析研究。國立臺灣師範大學工業教育學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
劉繼仁(2007)。數位語言學習之現況與類型。教育研究月刊,163,61-76。
賴建宇(2010)。教育訓練過頭 奇異自找麻煩?。天下雜誌,455,210-211。
謝子樵(主編)(2008)。數位學習市場趨勢與創新服務模式研究。財團法人資訊工業策進會。臺北市:財團法人資訊工業策進會。
謝旭洲(2008)。社會統計與資料分析。臺北縣:威仕曼文化。
鍾玉敏(2006)。同步即時互動系統應用於家教輔導研究以英語家教為例。國立清華大學資訊系統與應用研究所碩士論文,未出版,新竹市。
簡貞玉(譯)(2008)。R.A. Noe著。員工訓練與能力發展(Employee training and development)(二版)。臺北市:麥格羅希爾。
羅雅萱、袁世珮(譯)(2002)。R. C. Schank著。打造TOP1線上學習方案:取法e-Learning成功典範,強化企業競爭優勢(Designing World-Class e-Learning)。臺北市:麥格羅希爾。
蘇照雅、陳怡穎(2005)。數位學習導入企業之探討。生活科技教育,38(7),26-36
蘇蘅、吳淑俊(1997)。電腦網路問卷調查可行性及回覆者特質的研究。新聞學研究,54,75-100。
二、外文部份
Ames, P. C. (2003). Gender and learning style interactions in students' computer attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 28(3), 231.
Aragon, S. R., & Johnson, E. S. (2008). Factors influencing completion and noncompletion of community college online courses. American Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 146 - 158.
Baldwin-Evans, K. (2006). Blended learning: The what, where, when and how. Training & Management Development Methods, 20(3), 353-366.
Bliesener, T. (2006). Training synchronous collaborative e-learning. International Journal on E-Learning, 5(2), 185-196.
Chen, C. C., & Shaw, R. S. (2006). Online synchronous vs. asynchronous software training through the behavioral modeling approach: A longitudinal field experiment. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 4(4), 88-102.
Chen, N. S., Ko, H. C., Kinshuk, & Lin, T. (2005). A model for synchronous learning using the Internet. Innovations in Education & Instruction International, 42(2), 181-194.
Clauzel, D., Sehaba, K., & Prié, Y. (2011). Enhancing synchronous collaboration by using interactive visualisation of modelled traces. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 19(1), 84-97
Clayton, K., Blumberg, F., & Auld, D. P. (2010). The relationship between motivation, learning strategies and choice of environment whether traditional or including an online component. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), 349-364.
Daymont, T., Blau, G., & Campbell, D. (2011). Deciding between traditional and online formats: Exploring the role of learning advantages, flexibility, and compensatory adaptation. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 11, 156-179.
Dodero, J. M., Fernandez, C., & Sanz, D. (2003). An experience on students' participation in blended vs. online styles of learning. Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Bulletin, 35(4), 39-42.
Drucker, P. F., & Maciariello, J. A. (2004). The daily drucker. New York: Harpercollinds.
Foreman, J. (2005). Distance learning and synchronous interaction. Retrieved September 23, 2010, from http://technologysource.org/article/distance_learning_and_synchronous_interaction/
Furnham, A., Christopher, A., Garwood, J., & Martin, N. G. (2008). Ability, demography, learning style, and personality trait correlates of student preference for assessment method. Educational Psychology, 28(1), 15-27.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2008). Reliability analysis. In SPSS for Windows step by step(8th ed.)(p241-254). New York: Pearson Education.
Gruenbaum, E. A. (2010). Predictors of success for adult online learners: A review of the literature. ELearn, 2010(2). Retrieved September 18, 2010, from http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=research&article=10-1
Hastie, M., Chen, N.-S., & Kuo, Y.-H. (2007). Instructional design for best practice in the synchronous cyber classroom. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 10(4), 281-294.
Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009). Social learning theory and web-based learning environments: A review of research and discussion of implications. American Journal of Distance Education, 23(2), 88-103.
Holton, E. F., Wilson, L. S. & Bates, R. A. (2009). Toward development of a generalized instrument to measure andragogy. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20 (2), 169-193.
Houge, T. T., & Geier, C. (2009). Delivering one-to-one tutoring in literacy via videoconferencing. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 53(2), 154-163.
Hrastinski, S. (2008). The potential of synchronous communication to enhance participation in online discussions: A case study of two e-learning courses. Information & Management, 45(7), 499-506.
Hrastinski, S., Keller, C., & Carlsson, S. A. (2010). Design exemplars for synchronous e-learning: A design theory approach. Computers & Education, 55(2), 652-662.
Kim, T. L. S., & Abas, Z. W. (2009). The need for learners to understand their readiness for open and distance learning. Paper presented at the The 9TH South East Asian Association for Institutional Research Annual Conference, Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
Kormanik, M. B., & Rocco, T. S. (2009). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review of the locus of control construct. Human Resource Development Review, 8(4), 463-483.
Kozak, M. M. (2009). A comparison of student perceptions regarding online learning versus traditional classroom learning. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 25(1), 75-82.
Lavolette, E., Venable, M. A., Gose, E., & Huang, E. (2010). Comparing synchronous cirtual classrooms: Student, instructor and course designer perspectives. TechTrends, 54(5), 54-61.
Lim, D. H., Morris, M. L., & Yoon, S. W. (2006). Combined effect of instructional and learner variables on course outcomes within an online learning environment. Journal of interactive online learning, 5(3), 255.
Manseur, R., & Manseur, Z. (2009,October). A synchronous distance learning program implementation in engineering and mathematics. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 39th IEEE international conference on Frontiers in education conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Metz, K. (2010). The benefits of online course. Techniques (Association for Career and Technical Education), 85(6), 20-23.
Morris, L. (1994). Linking participants' motivation with preferred learning methods. Training & Development, 48(4), 68-69.
Nishino, K., Shimoda, T., Iribe, Y., Mizuno, S., Aoki, K., & Fukumura, Y. (2010). Predicting e-learning course adaptability and changes in learning preferences after taking e-learning courses. Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 6277, 143-152.
Noe, R. A. (2010). Employee training and development (5th ed.). New York: McGraw.
Offir, B., Lev, Y., & Bezalel, R. (2008). Surface and deep learning processes in distance education: Synchronous versus asynchronous systems. Computers & Education, 51(3), 1172-1183
Paechter, M., & Maier, B. (2010). Online or face-to-face? Students' experiences and preferences in e-learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 292-297.
Patel, L. (2010). Continued dedication to workplace learning. Retrieved April 11, 2011, from http://www.astd.org/TD/Archives/2010/Nov/Free/
PrimeLearning. (2001). Elearning- A key strategy for maximizing human capital in the knowledge economy. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from http://www.astd.org/NR/rdonlyres/F6827D33-672C-4432-8FBE-85FE6849C289/0/MaximizingHumnCapital2.pdf
Ramayah, M., Sivanandan, P., Nasrijal, N. H., Letchumanan, T., & Leong, L. C. (2009). Preferred learning style: Gender influence on preferred learning style among business students. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 6(4), 65-84.
Raymond, D., Kazuhide, K., Matsuura, K., Baudin, V., Gayraud, T., Yano, Y., & Diaz, M. (2005). A model for content and communication management in synchronous learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 8(3), 187-205.
Rienties, B., Giesbers, B., Tempelaar, D., Segers, M., & Gijselaers, W. (2010). An invisible preference for intrinsic motivation in computer-mediated communication. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 1, Chicago, Illinois.
Selvarajah, C., Chelliah, J., Meyer, D., Pio, E., & Anurit, P. (2010). The impact of social motivation on cooperative learning and assessment preferences. Journal of Management & Organization, 16(1), 113-126.
Serce, F. C., & Yildirim, S. (2006). A web-based synchronous collaborative review tool: A case study of an on-line graduate course. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(2), 166-177.
Simonson, M. (2003). Dan Coldeway 1949-2003 professor and distance educator. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(2), vii-viii.
Truluck, J. E. (1999). Learning style preferences among older adults. Educational Gerontology, 25(3), 221.
Tu, C. H. (2000). On-line learning migration: From social learning theory to social presence theory in a CMC environment. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 23(1), 27-37.
Valle, R. D., & Duffy, T. M. (2009). Online learning: Learner characteristics and their approaches to managing learning. Instructional Science, 37(2), 129-149.
Wang, G. G. (2010). Theorizing e-learning participation: A study of the HRD online communities in the USA. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(4), 344 - 364.
White, C. P., Ramirez, R., Smith, J. G., & Plonowski, L. (2010). Simultaneous delivery of a face-to-face course to on-campus and remote off-campus students. TechTrends, 54(4), 34-40.
Woo, Y., & Reeves, T. C. (2007). Meaningful interaction in web-based learning: A social constructivist interpretation. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 15-25.
Yang, J. H., Chen, Y. L., Kinshuk, & Chen, N. S. (2007). Enhancing the quality of e-learning in virtual learning communities by finding quality learning content and trustworthy collaborators. Educational Technology and Society, 10(2), 84-95.
Yukselturk, E., & Bulut, S. (2007). Predictors for Student Success in an Online Course. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 71-83.
Zhang, K., & Bonk, C. J. (2008). Addressing diverse learner preferences and intelligences with emerging technologies: Matching models to online opportunities. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/496/227
Zhang, L.-f. (2006). Preferred instruction styles and modes of thinking among university students in mainland China. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 1(2), 95-107.