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研究生: 涂雅喬
Tu, Ya-Chiao
論文名稱: 創意與觀光: 巴塞隆納經驗之個案探究
Creativity and Tourism: The Experience of Barcelona
指導教授: 劉以德
Liu, Yi-De
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 歐洲文化與觀光研究所
Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 177
中文關鍵詞: 創意觀光創意空間創意奇觀文化政策巴塞隆納文化觀光
英文關鍵詞: Creative Tourism, Creative Spaces, Creative Spectacles, Cultural Policy, Barcelona, Creativity
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 在現今全球各城市發展中,『創意』為許多都市政策的焦點。此研究背景在於巴塞隆納的都市更新與觀光相互依存的複雜關係,以及該城市從文化觀光中心論述轉變而來的新創意觀光模式。本研究的目的在於概念化城市中的創意元素以及探究市中的觀光焦點如何從文化觀光轉變為創意觀光。

    此研究旨在探究巴塞隆納的創意觀光發展,並採取理論性架構來檢視該城市的觀光產業以及觀光政策。依據巴塞隆納的實際例子,採集的資料將會被放進三個主要框架中檢視,即創意節慶、創意空間、以及創意觀光。本研究採取個案研究之方法,將巴賽隆納市的實例,依據上述三項主題逐一探究。研究同時也採用文化創意產業策略、創意城市策略、以及創意階級之論述,融入創意觀光之發展的討論,以期能開啟創意觀光中關於節慶、地方、觀光以及創意之間的關係。

    Creativity is now in the centre of spotlight in urban policy for many cities around the world. The background of this study is to identify interdependences among urban regeneration and tourism in the city of Barcelona, followed by the debates of how creative tourism evolves from cultural tourism. The purpose of this study is to conceptualise creativity in an urban context and examine the trajectory of tourism industry’s focus shifting from culture to creativity.

    This study will probe into the creative tourism development and adopt a theoretical framework to observe the tourism industry and tourism policy in the city of Barcelona. With analysis of empirical evidences in Barcelona, data will be put under three categories: 1) creative events, 2) creative places, and 3) creative tourism to further examine and evaluate the creative tourism experiences in Barcelona. Associated with case study, this study is aimed at exploring evidences in abovementioned three dimensions of creative tourism. Along with creative industries strategy, creative city approach, and the creative class discourse, it will conceptualise and discover the intricate interrelationship among events, places, tourism, and creativity.

    TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures 6 List of Tables 7 Abstract 8 中文摘要 9 1. Introduction 10 1-1. Research Background 11 1-2. Research Aims and Objectives 14 1-3. Chapter Outline 17 2. Literature Review 19 2-1. Background Study of Barcelona: Spaces, Events, Tourism, and Urban Planning 20 2-2. Tourism Development in Urban Regeneration Context 24 2-3. New Trajectories in Urban Regeneration and Tourism 26 2-3-1. Culture’s Role in Urban Regeneration 26 2-3-2. Culture, Spill-Over Effect for All Kinds of Regeneration? 27 2-3-3. Urban Regeneration for Creative Industries and Tourism 28 2-4. Conceptualising ‘creativity’ 30 2-4-1. New Discourse: From Culture to Creativity 30 2-4-3. Defining Creativity 32 2-4-4. Key Approaches: Creativity in Cities Vs. Creativity in Tourism 35 2-5 Creative Events 39 2-5-1. Creative Industries Strategies in the Building of Creative Events 39 2-5-2. Events for the Transformation of Cities 41 2-5-3. Festivals and Creative Production 43 2-6. Creative Places 46 2-6-1. From Culture-Led to Creativity-led Space Revitalisation 46 2-6-2. Creative Cities Approach in Building Creative Places 48 2-6-3. Creative Spaces in Tourism Discourse 51 2-6-4. Multi- Ethnicity as Creativity in Places 52 2-6-5. Clustering for Creative Spaces 53 2-7 Creative tourism 57 2-7-1. The Rise of Creative Tourism 57 2-7-2. Co-creation Tourism Experience 59 2-7-3. Defining ‘Creative Tourism’ 59 2-7-4. Creative Tourism and its Socio-cultural Role 61 3. Research Methods 63 3-1. Research Design 65 3-2. Data Analysis and Resources 67 3-3. Data Collection 69 3-4. Validity and Reliability 73 3-4-1. Construct Validity 73 3-4-2. Internal Validity 73 3-4-3. External Validity 73 3-4-4. Reliability 74 4. Research Findings 75 4-1. Cultural Policy for the Making of Barcelona 75 4-1-1. Strategic Cultural Planning in Barcelona 75 4-1-2. Approaches in Barcelona 77 4-2. Building the Network for Creative Tourism in Barcelona 82 4-2-1. 1993 Turisme de Barcelona 82 4-2-2. 2004 UNESCO Creative Cities Network 83 4-2-3. 2006 Barcelona Turisme Creatiu (Barcelona Creative Tourism) 84 4-2-4. 2010 International Creative Tourism Network® (2010) 84 4-2-5. From Theory to Practice 85 4-3. Creative Events in Barcelona 89 4-3-1. Creative Events in Barcelona: Policy, Practices, and Implementation 89 4-3-2. The Sónar Festival: Creative Events with Creative Industries Strategy 94 4-4. Creative Places in Barcelona 103 4-4-1. Creative Places in Barcelona: Policy, Practices, and Implementation 103 4-4-2. The @22 Plan and Creative Clusters in Poblenou 112 4-5. Creative Tourism in Barcelona 122 4-5-1. Creative Tourism: Policy, Practices, and Implementation 122 4-5-2. Creative Workshops in Barcelona 129 5. Conclusion 136 5-1. Summary 136 5-2. Theoretical Implication 140 5-3. Managerial Implication 146 5-4. Limitation and Future Research 149 References 152

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