簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 阮筱琪
Juan, Hsiao-Chi
論文名稱: 採訪記者情緒勞動、工作壓力與創新行為相關研究:以幽默感為調節變項
The Relationship between Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Innovative Behavior of Journalist: Sense of Humor as a Moderator
指導教授: 陳學志
Chen, Hsueh-Chih
口試委員: 邱發忠
Chiu, Fa-Chung
郭郡羽
Kuo, Chun-Yu
陳學志
Chen, Hsueh-Chih
口試日期: 2022/06/14
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 創造力發展碩士在職專班
Continuing Education Master's Program of Creativity Development
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 104
中文關鍵詞: 工作壓力幽默感情緒勞動採訪記者創新行為
英文關鍵詞: job stress, sense of humor, emotional labor, journalists, innovative behavior
研究方法: 量化研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200629
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:226下載:39
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 職場員工情緒議題與心理健康日漸受重視,且根據過往研究指出,正向情緒可提升創新行為,因此營造正向情緒既可維持身心健康,又提升創新行為,本研究旨在探討採訪記者的情緒勞動、工作壓力、創新行為之相關性,以及正向情緒之幽默感對情緒勞動、工作壓力、創新行為之調節效果。研究採問卷調查法,以國內採訪記者為研究對象,回收232份樣本。研究結果發現:
    1、採訪記者之情緒勞動與工作壓力呈顯著正相關,情緒勞動對工作壓力有預測效果。
    2、採訪記者之工作壓力與創新行為呈顯著正相關,工作壓力對創新行為有預測效果。
    3、幽默因應能力對情緒勞動與工作壓力有緩衝調節效果。
    4、幽默創造對工作壓力與創新行為有緩衝效果。
    5、笑的傾向能抵抗情緒勞動的影響,即使在高壓工作環境下,也有較高的創新行為。
    6、年紀較輕、年資淺記者情緒勞動、工作壓力較大,但創新行為也較高。
    最後依據研究結果,針對業界提出管理之建議。

    The emotional issues and mental health of employees in the workplace are becoming increasingly important, and according to previous studies, positive emotions can enhance innovative behaviors, so creating positive emotions can not only maintain physical and mental health, but also enhance innovative behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional labor, job stress, and innovative behavior of Journalist: sense of humor as a moderator. A questionnaire survey was used to collect 232 samples from domestic journalists. The results of the study found that:
    1.The emotional labor of the journalists was significantly and positively correlated with job stress, and emotional labor had a predictive effect on job stress.
    2.There is a significant positive correlation between job stress and innovative behavior of journalists, and job stress has a predictive effect on innovative behavior.
    3.The ability to respond to humor has a moderating effect on emotional labor and job stress.
    4.Humor creation has a buffering effect on job stress and innovation behaviors.
    5.The tendency to laugh resists the effects of emotional labor and has higher innovative behaviors even in high stress work environments.
    6.Younger, more junior reporters are more emotionally demanding, more stressful, but also more innovative.
    Finally, based on the study results, we propose management recommendations for the industries.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 名詞釋義 5 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 幽默感 9 第二節 創新行為 12 第三節 情緒勞動 15 第四節 工作壓力 22 第五節 研究假設 25 第三章 研究方法 29 第一節 研究架構 29 第二節 研究對象 30 第三節 研究工具 30 第四章 研究結果 39 第一節 描述性統計39 第二節 差異分析 43 第三節 相關分析 58 第四節 調節模型驗證 62 第五章 討論與建議 67 第一節 年齡、工作年資在各變項顯現差異 68 第二節 情緒勞動與工作壓力創新行為之相關與預測 71 第三節 幽默感具部分調節效果 74 第四節 建議 75 參考文獻 79 附錄 101

    中文文獻
    毛國楠(1996)。國中教師的樂觀信念、自我效能、對壓力的認知評估、因應方式與工作調適及身心健康的關係。教育心理,28,177-193。
    牛隆光(2011)。電視新聞報導敘事特徵的論述面向。傳播研究與實踐,1(2),245-268。doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6123/JCRP.2011.030
    王淑美(2018)。網路速度與新聞——轉變中的記者時間實踐及價值反思。中華傳播,33,65-98。
    江文慈(2009)。“和顏悅色”與“忍氣吞聲”的背後:國小教師情緒勞動的心理歷程分析。教育心理學報,40(4),553-575。doi:10.6251/bep.20080710
    牟筱雯(2016)。組織創新與工作壓力-創新效能感與公共服務動機之調節效果〔未出版碩士論文〕。淡江大學。
    何國華(2014)。商業創新與媒體創新:國際通訊社轉型研究。傳播與社會學刊30,191-226。
    余嬪、吳靜吉(2002)。玩興、創造力與工作表現之關係。國科會第二年研究期中報告(編號:NSC-91-2522-S-017-001)
    余嬪、吳靜吉(2003)業精於勤、荒於嬉?談成人的玩興與組織玩興氣氛。載於政治大學管理學院(編)2003年創造力實踐歷程研討會論文集(頁318-341)。臺北市。
    吳宗祐(2003)。工作中的情緒勞動:概念發展、相關變項分析、心理歷程議題探討〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立臺灣大學。
    吳宗祐、鄭伯壎(2003)。組織情緒研究之回顧與前瞻。應用心理研究,19,137-173。
    吳宗祐、鄭伯壎(2006a)工作投入、調節他人情緒能力與情緒勞動之交互作用對情緒耗竭的預測效果。中華心理學刊,48(1),69-87。doi:10.6129/cjp.2006.4801.05
    吳宗祐、鄭伯壎(2006b)難應付客戶頻次、知覺服務訓練效用兩者及情緒勞動與情緒耗竭之關係——「資源保存理論」的觀點。管理學報,23(5),581-599。doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6504/JOM.2006.23.05.04
    吳靜吉、郭俊賢、王文中、劉鶴龍(1996)。創新行為量表之編制與修訂。未出版。
    李仲彬(2013),影響地方政府創新產出量的因素。東吳政治學報,31(1),105-160。
    汪琪(2021)如果沒有了你:新聞傳播教育的新局面與舊挑戰。傳播研究與實踐,11(2),173-177。doi:10.6123/jcrp.202107_11(2).0008
    林少龍、陳玟潔、陳曉天(2007)。以情緒勞動為中介變數探討愉悅性與員工正面情感傳遞之關係。華人前瞻研究,3(1),95-113。doi:10.6428/jctf.200705.0095
    林宇玲(2021)。新聞教育的數位挑戰與轉型:以世新大學新聞學系為例。傳播研究與實踐,11(1),53-82。doi:10.6123/jcrp.202101_11(1).0004
    林尚平(2000)。組織情緒勞務負擔量表之發展。中山管理評論,8(3),427-447。
    林信昌、臧國仁(2001)。新聞從業人員之工作倦怠現象-以台北市平面媒體路線記者為例。新聞學研究,63,91-135。doi:10.30386/mcr.200104_(63).0005
    林麗娟(1998)。某公司主管人員的工自壓力與身心健康之探討〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣大學。
    林耀南(2010)。餐飲第一線服務人員幽默感量表之建構與發展。觀光休閒學報,16(2),139-164。doi:10.6267/jtls.2010.16(2)3
    林耀南、朱志忠(2011)。第一線服務人員幽默感、情緒勞動能力、自我效能與顧客關係品質之探討。中華管理學報,12(3),1-20。doi:10.30053/chjm.201109.0001
    林耀南、楊婉如(2008)。多向度幽默感對自尊、工作倦怠與工作滿足之影響──以第一線服務人員為例。商業科技季,9(4),417-442。
    邱皓政、陳燕禎、林碧芳(2009)。組織創新氣氛量表的發展與信效度衡鑑。測驗學刊,56(1),69-97。
    侯勝宗、樊學良、連婉茜(2015)。真心或矯情?情緒勞務和創新行為之關係。臺大管理論叢,25(3),67-99。doi:10.6226/ntumr.2015.Jun.Ob07
    洪基貴、李俊達(2020)。情緒勞務的定義、策略與職業類別:文獻探討的觀點。T&D飛訊,267,1-15。
    徐雅美、林耀南、徐達光(2014)幽默感對創新行為、怕被笑特質與溝通滿足影響之研究。創造學刊,5(2),73-89。
    高旭繁、陸洛(2011)。工作壓力及其後果的組群差異:以 OSI 模式為理論基礎之大樣本分析。臺大管理論叢,22(1),239-272。
    高鳳霞、鄭伯壎(2014)。職場工作壓力:回顧與展望。人力資源管理學報,14(1),77-101。doi:10.6147/jhrm.2014.1401.04
    張文強(2015)。新聞工作的實用邏輯:兩種模型的實務考。五南。
    張鈞微(2016)。新聞從業人員工作壓力疲勞與生物指標研究〔未出版碩士論文〕。中山醫學大學。
    許順旺、邱瑜婷(2011)國際觀光旅館餐飲部門組織正義、員工創新行為與績效表現之相關研究——以組織支持為干擾變項。觀光休閒學報,17(1),49-74。
    郭建志、陳智遠(2009)。工作壓力管理模式之探討。臺北市,行政院勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。
    陳淑蓉(2003)。幽默感對可能壓力事件及負向生活事件的認知評估、情緒反應之影響〔未出版碩士論文〕。國立臺灣師範大學。
    陳淑蓉、陳學志(2005)幽默感的定義與測量:多向度幽默感量表之編製。應用心理研究,26,167-187。
    陳雅惠(2021)。建構新聞工作者傳播工具與人脈互動的架構:從社會資本交換與再媒介化之考察。新聞學研究,147,53-99。doi:10.30386/mcr.202101.0006
    陳意文、王美雅(2015)。瑞典與新加坡創新政策之比較研究:國家創新系統觀點。企業管理學報,105,1-29。
    曾淑賢(2007)。公共圖書館創新服務與創新管理之探討。臺北市立圖書館館訊,24(3),62-84。
    黃能堂、曾暄芹(2016)知識分享與員工創新行為之探討。科技與人力教育季刊,2(3),1-14。doi:https://doi.org/10.6587/JTHRE.2016.2
    臧國仁、喻靖媛(1995)記者及消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式之關聯。載於臧國仁(主編),新聞「學」與「術」的對話III:新聞工作者與消息來源(頁201-236)。臺北巿,臺灣。
    劉乙儀、張瑞村(2017)。教保服務人員情緒勞務之初探。學校行政,112,228-240。doi:10.3966/160683002017110112011
    劉昌德(2020)。新聞機器人為誰「勞動」?自動化新聞學引入新聞產製的影響及論述。中華傳播學刊,37,147-186。
    劉慧雯(2011)。從新聞價值的轉變追問科技時代的記者主體:系譜學的角度。傳播研究與實踐,1(1),169-203。doi:10.6123/jcrp.2011.012
    劉蕙苓(2018)。臺灣記者的3L人生:數位時代的工作狀況與趕工儀式。傳播與社會學刊,43,39-71。
    劉蕙苓(2020)。自新聞業出走的抉擇:數位時代的記者離職歷程研究。新聞學研究,144,49-96。doi:10.30386/mcr.202007_(144).0002
    劉鶴龍(1996)。資訊電子產業科技人員與非科技人員創造力之研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立政治大學。
    歐素華(2021)。策動社群體驗:新舊媒體融合之創新商模。管理學報,38(3),343-362。doi:10.6504/jmbr.202109_38(3).0002
    蔡奉真、詹長權(2011)。臺灣司法從業人員工作壓力與健康功能之性別差異。臺灣公共衛生學會,30(5),494-504。
    蔡啟通(2011)。轉型領導、學習式目標導向、表現式目標導向、與員工角色行為之關係。管理學報,28(5),493-520。doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6504/JOM.2011.28.05.05
    蔡啟通、高泉豐(2004)。動機取向、組織創新氣候與員工創新行為之關係: Amabile動機綜效模型之驗證。管理學報,21(5),571-592。doi:https://doi.org/10.6504/jom.2004.21.05.02
    蔣佳良(2005)臺北市國民中學行政人員情緒勞務與學校組織文化及工作滿意之相關研究〔未出版碩士論文〕國立政治大學。
    顏如妙、吳思華(2013)。實驗行動對組織創新活動影響之研究。企業管理學報,96,1-23。
    羅玉潔、張錦華(2006)。人脈與新聞採集:從社會資本與組織衝突觀點檢視記者如何建立與消息來源之間的關係。中華傳播學刊,10,195-231。
    羅家德(2006)。華人的人脈——個人中心信任網絡。關係管理研究,3,1-24。
    蘇錦榮(1998)。新竹科學園區資訊電子產業研發人員、技術人員與非科技人員創造力之研究〔未出版碩士論文〕。國立政治大學。


    英文文獻
    Abel, M. H. (2002). Humor, stress, and coping strategies. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 15(3), 365-381.
    Adelmann, P. K. (1989). Emotional labor and employee well-being. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan.
    Adelmann, P. K. (1995). Emotional labor as a potential source of job stress: American Psychological Association.
    Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do. California management review, 40(1), 39-58.
    Andersen, P. H., & Strandskov, J. (2008). The innovator's dilemma: When new technologies cause great firms to fail. Academy of Management Review, 33, 790–794.
    Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297-1333.
    Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of management review, 18(1), 88-115.
    Ashforth, B. E., & Tomiuk, M. A. (2000). Emotional labor and authenticity: Views from service agents. In Fineman, S. (Ed.), Emotion in organizations (2nd ed.) (pp.184-203). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Betz, F. (2003). Managing technological innovation: competitive advantage from change. John Wiley & Sons.
    Blau, G. (1981). An empirical investigation of job stress, social support, service length, and job strain. Organizational behavior and human performance, 27(2), 279-302.
    Bressler, E. R., & Balshine, S. (2006). The influence of humor on desirability. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(1), 29-39.
    Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2002). Testing a conservation of resources model of the dynamics of emotional labor. Journal of occupational health psychology, 7(1), 57.
    Butler, E. A., Gross, J. J., Philippot, P., & Feldman, R. (2004). Hiding feelings in social contexts: Out of sight is not out of mind. The regulation of emotion, 101, 126.
    Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of applied psychology, 87(5), 875.
    Cann, A., Stilwell, K., & Taku, K. (2010). Humor, personality and health. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(3), 213-235.
    Chamberlin, S. A., & Moon, S. M. (2005). Model-eliciting activities as a tool to develop and identify creatively gifted mathematicians. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 17(1), 37-47.
    Charles, S. T., Mogle, J., Chai, H. W., & Almeida, D. M. (2021). The mixed benefits of a stressor-free life. Emotion, 21(5), 962–971. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000958
    Chen, C. H. C., W.C, Cheng,C.H; MA, S.C. (2011). Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: Exploring Its Effects on Journalists' Perceived Work Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitmen.輔仁管理評論, 18(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.29698/fjmr.201109.0001
    Chong, P. (2017). Valuing subjectivity in journalism: Bias, emotions, and self-interest as tools in arts reporting. Journalism, 20(3), 427-443. https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/1464884917722453
    Christensen, C. M., & Overdorf, M. (2000). Meeting the challenge of disruptive change. Harvard business review, 78(2), 66-77.
    Clark, J., & Guy, K. (1998). Innovation and competitiveness: a review: Practitioners' forum. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(3), 363-395.
    Clouse, R. W., & Spurgeon, K. L. (1995). Corporate analysis of humor. Psychology: A journal of human behavior.
    Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Kahn, R. L., & Mann, F. C. (1963). An Environmental Approach to Mental Health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 107(2), 596-606.
    Coelho, F., Augusto, M., & Lages, L. F. (2011). Contextual factors and the creativity of frontline employees: The mediating effects of role stress and intrinsic motivation. Journal of retailing, 87(1), 31-45.
    Cooper, C. D., Kong, D. T., & Crossley, C. D. (2018). Leader humor as an interpersonal resource: Integrating three theoretical perspectives. Academy of management Journal, 61(2), 769-796.
    Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J., & Williams, S . (1988). Occupational stress indicator management guide. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
    Crawford, C. B. (1994). Theory and implications regarding the utilization of strategic humor by leaders. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(4), 53-68.
    Creech, B., & Mendelson, A. L. (2015). Imagining the journalist of the future: Technological visions of journalism education and newswork. The Communication Review, 18(2), 142-165.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. HarperPerennial, New York, 39.
    Damanpour, Fariborz and Marguerite Schneider. 2009. “Characteristics of Innovation and Innovation Adoption in Public Organizations: Assessing the Role of Managers.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19(3), 495-522.
    Domingo, D., Salaverría-Aliaga, R., Aguado, J. M., Cabrera, M. Á., Edo-Bolós, C., Masip, P., Orihuela-Colliva, J. L. (2007). Four Dimensions of Journalistic Convergence: A preliminary approach to current media trends at Spain.
    Drucker, P. F. (1985). The discipline of innovation. Harvard business review, 63(3), 67-72.
    Duncan, W. J. (1982). Humor in management: Prospects for administrative practice and research. Academy of management review, 7(1), 136-142.
    Duncan, W. J., Smeltzer, L. R., & Leap, T. L. (1990). Humor and work: Applications of joking behavior to management. Journal of Management, 16(2), 255-278.
    Dworznik, G. (2011). Factors contributing to PTSD and compassion fatigue in television news workers. International Journal of Business, Humanities, and Technology, 1(1), 22-32.
    Dwyer, T. (2015). Surviving the transition to “digital first”: news apps in Asian mobile internets. Journal of Media Business Studies, 12(1), 29-48.
    Ekdale, B., Singer, J. B., Tully, M., & Harmsen, S. (2015). Making change: Diffusion of technological, relational, and cultural innovation in the newsroom. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 938-958.
    Fisher, C. D., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2000). The emerging role of emotions in work life: An introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 123-129.
    Forabosco, G. (1992). Cognitive aspects of the humor process: The concept of incongruity.
    Fry Jr, W. F. (1992). The physiologic effects of humor, mirth, and laughter. Jama, 267(13), 1857-1858.
    George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2001). When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: an interactional approach. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3), 513.
    Gorman, C. A., Meriac, J. P., Overstreet, B. L., Apodaca, S., McIntyre, A. L., Park, P., et al. (2012). A meta-analysis of the regulatory focus nomological network: work-related antecedents and consequences. J. Vocat. Behav. 80, 160–172. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.005
    Goswami, A., Nair, P., Beehr, T., and Grossenbacher, M. (2016). The relationship of leaders’ humor and employees’ work engagement mediated by positive emotions: moderating effect of leaders’ transformational leadership style. Leadersh. Org. Dev. J. 37, 1083–1099. doi: 10.1108/lodj-01-2015-0001
    Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.95.
    Grandey, A. A., Diefendorff, J. M., & Rupp, D. E. (2013). Bringing emotional labor into focus: A review and integration of three research lenses. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
    Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(2), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
    Guy, M. E., & Newman, M. A. (2004). Women's jobs, men's jobs: Sex segregation and emotional labor. Public administration review, 64(3), 289-298.
    Guy, M. E., Newman, M. A., Mastracci, S. H. (2008). Emotional labor: Putting the service in public service. London, England: M.E. Sharpe.
    Hallett, R. A., & Derks, P. (1998). Humor theory and Rabelais.
    Halvorsen, Thomas et al. 2005. “On the Differences between Public and Private Sector Innovation.” in http://www.step.no/publin/reports. Latest update 24 April 2013.
    Hanusch, F. (2015). Transformative times: Australian journalists' perceptions of changes in their work. Media International Australia, 155(1), 38-53.
    Hanusch, F., Tandoc, E. C., Dimitrakopoulou, D., Muchtar, N., Rafter, K., Ramírez, M. M., Sacco, V. (2019). 10. Transformations: Journalists’ Reflections on Changes in News Work. In Worlds of Journalism (259-282): Columbia University Press.
    Hatch, M. J., & Erhlich, S. B. (1993). Spontaneous humour as an indicator of paradox and ambiguity in organizations. Organization Studies, 14(4), 505-526.
    Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
    Heintz, S., Ruch, W., Platt, T., Pang, D., Carretero-Dios, H., Dionigi, A., . . . Torres-Marín, J. (2018). Psychometric Comparisons of Benevolent and Corrective Humor across 22 Countries: The Virtue Gap in Humor Goes International. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(92). https://doi.org/doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00092
    Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkley(CA): University of California Press.
    Hochschild, A. R. (1993). Emotion in organizations: London: Sage.
    Hochschild, A. R. (2012). The Managed Heart: University of California Press.
    Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American psychologist, 49(6), 493.
    Holmes, J. (2007). Making humour work: creativity on the job. Appl. Lingusit. 28, 518–537. doi: 10.1093/applin/amm048
    Hovden, J. F., & Kristensen, N. N. (2018). The cultural journalist around the globe: A comparative study of characteristics, role perceptions, and perceived influences. Journalism, 22(3), 689-708. https://doi:10.1177/1464884918791224
    Humphrey, R. H., Ashforth, B. E., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). The bright side of emotional labor. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(6), 749-769.
    James, K., Clark, K., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). Positive and negative creativity in groups, institutions, and organizations: A model and theoretical extension. Creativity Research Journal, 12(3), 211-226.
    Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort‐reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302.
    Jurčová, M. (1998). Humor and creativity–possibilities and problems in studying humor. Studia psychologica, 40(4), 312-316.
    Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 571–650). Consulting Psychologists Press.
    Kane, T., Suls, J., Tedeschi, J., Chapman, A. J., & Foote, H. C. (1977). Humour as a tool of social influence. It’sa Funny Thing, Humour, 13-16.
    Kanter, R. M. (1988). Three tiers for innovation research. Communication Research, 15(5), 509-523.
    Karimi, J., & Walter, Z. (2015). The role of dynamic capabilities in responding to digital disruption: A factor-based study of the newspaper industry. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(1), 39-81.
    Kersten, A., & Janssen, S. (2017). Trends in cultural journalism: The development of film coverage in cross-national perspective, 1955–2005. Journalism Practice, 11(7), 840-856.
    Kuiper, N. A., & Martin, R. A. (1998). Laughter and stress in daily life: Relation to positive and negative affect. Motivation and emotion, 22(2), 133-153.
    Kuiper, N. A., Martin, R. A., & Dance, K. A. (1992). Sense of humour and enhanced quality of life. Personality and individual differences, 13(12), 1273-1283.
    Kuiper, N., & Olinger, J. (1998). Humor and mental health/Friedman H.(ed.) Encyclopedia of Mental Health 2. In: San Diego CA: Academic Press.
    Lapointe, É., Morin, A., Courcy, F., Boilard, A., & Payette, D. (2012). Workplace affective commitment, emotional labor and burnout: A multiple mediator model. International Journal of Business and Management, 3-21.
    Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S.(1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
    Li, X., & Zheng, Y. (2014). The influential factors of employees’ innovative behavior and the management advices. Journal of Service Science and Management, 7(06), 446.
    Liao, Y.-H., Luo, S.-Y., Tsai, M.-H., & Chen, H.-C. (2020). An exploration of the relationships between elementary school teachers’ humor styles and their emotional labor. Teaching and Teacher Education, 87, 102950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102950
    Lippitt, G. L. (1982). Humor: A Laugh a day keeps the incongruities at bay. Training and Development Journal, 36(11).
    Liu, H.-L., & Lo, V.-h. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153-169.
    Liu, J., Liu, X. and Zeng, X. (2011) Does transactional leadership count for team innovativeness? The moderating role of emotional labor and the mediating role of team efficacy. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24 (3),282-298. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811111132695
    Lu, L., Cooper, C. L., Chen, Y. C., Hsu, C. H., Wu, H. L., Shih, J. B., & Li, C. H. (1997). Chinese version of the OSI: A validation study. Work & Stress, 11(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379708256824
    Lu, L., Tseng, H. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Managerial stress, job satisfaction and health in Taiwan. Stress Medicine, 15(1), 53-64.
    Madrid, H. P., Patterson, M., Birdi, K., Leiva, P. I., and Kausel, E. E. (2014). The role of weekly high-activated positive mood, context, and personality in innovative work behavior: a multilevel and interactional model. J. Organ. Behav. 35, 234–256. doi: 10.1002/job.1867
    Martin, M. W. (2007). Happiness and virtue in positive psychology. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 37(1), 89-103.
    Martin, R. A. (2001). Humor, laughter, and physical health: Methodological issues and research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.504
    Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of personality and social psychology, 45(6), 1313.
    Martin, S. J., John R. (1983). Work and nonwork influences on health: A research agenda using inability to leave as a critical variable. Academy of management review, 8(4), 650-659.
    Martin, R. A. (2000). Humor. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed), Encyclopdia of psychology (Vol.4).Washington, DC: American Psychology Association and New York: Oxford University Press, 202-204.
    McGhee, P. E. (1980). Development of the sense of humour in childhood: A longitudinal study. Children’s humour, 213-236.
    Meier, K., Mastracci, S., Wilson, K. (2006). Gender and emotional labor in public organizations: An empirical examination of the link to performance. Public Administration Review, 66, 899-909. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00657.x
    Meltzer, K. (2010). TV news anchors and journalistic tradition: How journalists adapt to technology. Peter Lang.
    Mesmer‐Magnus, J., Glew, D. J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2012). A meta‐analysis of positive humor in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
    Miller, K. C., & Lewis, S. C. (2020). Journalists, harassment, and emotional labor: The case of women in on-air roles at US local television stations. Journalism, 1464884919899016.
    Miller, K. I., Considine, J., & Garner, J. (2007). Let Me Tell You About My Job: Exploring the Terrain of Emotion in the Workplace. Management Communication Quarterly, 20(3), 231-260. https://doi:10.1177/0893318906293589
    Mishkinsky, M. (1977). Humour as a courage mechanism. Israel annals of psychiatry & related disciplines.
    Morreall, J. (1987). The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor: State University of New York Press. In: Albany.
    Morreall, J. (1991). Humor and work. , 4(3-4), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1991.4.3-4.359
    Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of management review, 21(4), 986-1010.
    Nezlek, J. B., & Derks, P. (2001). Use of humor as a coping mechanism, psychological adjustment, and social interaction.
    O'connell, W. (1962). An item analysis of the wit and humor appreciation test. The Journal of Social Psychology, 56(2), 271-276.
    O'sullivan, J., & Heinonen, A. (2008). Old values, new media: Journalism role perceptions in a changing world. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 357-371.
    Papworth, M. (2003). Stress busting: Bloomsbury Publishing.
    Perrewe, P. L., & Ganster, D. C. (1989). The impact of job demands and behavioral control on experienced job stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10(3), 213-229.
    Pugliesi, K. (1999). The consequences of emotional labor: Effects on work stress, job satisfaction, and well-being. Motivation and emotion, 23(2), 125-154.
    Pundt, A. (2015). The relationship between humorous leadership and innovative behavior. J. Manage. Psychol. 30, 878–893. doi: 10.1108/jmp-03-2013-0082
    Richins, M. L. (1997). Measuring emotions in the consumption experience. Journal of consumer research, 24(2), 127-146.
    Robbins. (1996). Organizational behaviour. New York: Prentice Hall.
    Robert, C., and Wilbanks, J. E. (2012). The Wheel Model of humor: humor events and affect in organizations. Hum. Relat. 65, 1071–1099. doi: 10.1177/0018726711433133
    Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 58-69.
    Rothwell, G., Rothwell, R., & Zegveld, W. (1985). Reindustrialization and technology: ME Sharpe.
    Ruch, W. (1996). Measurement approaches to the sense of humor: Introduction and overview ,9(3-4), 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1996.9.3-4.239
    Ruch, W., & Deckers, L. (1993). Do extraverts ‚like to laugh?: An analysis of the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ). European Journal of Personality, 7(4), 211-220.
    Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.
    Samson, A. C., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Humour as emotion regulation: The differential consequences of negative versus positive humour. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 375-384.
    Sang-young, P., & Cho, S. (2014). Effects of journalists’ job stress factors on physical conditions. Advanced Science and Technology Letters, 72, 11-15.
    Savage, Robert L. 1985. “When a Policy's Time Has Come: Cases of Rapid Policy Diffusion, 1983-1984.” Publius 15(3), 111-126.
    Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of Economic Development, tr. By Redvers Opie, Harvard Economic Studies, 40, 20.
    Scott, B. (2005). A contemporary history of digital journalism. Television & new media, 6(1), 89-126.
    Scott, C. (2012). AARP Optimal Stress: Living in Your Best Stress Zone. John Wiley & Sons.
    Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
    se, eroding young journalists career commitment. Journalism, 12(1), 33-50.
    Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
    Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York.
    Selye, H. (1983). The stress concept: Past, present, and future. Stress research, 1-20.
    Shamir, B. (1995). Social distance and charisma: Theoretical notes and an exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(1), 19-47.
    Shanfa, Y., Sparks, K., & Cooper, G. L. (1998). Occupational stress in workers and managers in steelworks in China. International Journal of Stress Management, 5(4), 237-245.
    Sherman, L. W. (1988). Moderating Influence of Gender on the Relationship between Humor and Peer Acceptance in Elementary School Children.
    Shin, S. J., Yuan, F., and Zhou, J. (2017). When perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior: a sensemaking perspective. J. Organ. Behav. 38, 68–86. doi: 10.1002/job.2111
    Sisley, R., & Smollan, R. (2012). Emotional labour and self-determination theory: A continuum of extrinsic and intrinsic causes of emotional expression and control. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 37(2), 41-57.
    Siu, O. l., Lu, L., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Managerial stress in Hong Kong and Taiwan: a comparative study. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
    Siu, O. l., Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Lu, L., & Yu, S. (2002). Managerial stress in greater China: The direct and moderator effects of coping strategies and work locus of control. Applied Psychology, 51(4), 608-632.
    Siu, O.-l. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 337-347. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000024
    Smith, L. K., Tanner, A. H., & Duhe, S. F. (2007). Convergence concerns in local television: Conflicting views from the newsroom. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 51(4), 555-574.
    Smollan, R. K. (2006). Running hot and cold: how acceptable is emotional expression at work? International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 1(3), 215-231.
    Spangler, N. W., Koesten, J., Fox, M. H., & Radel, J. (2012). Employer perceptions of stress and resilience intervention. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 54(11), 1421-1429.
    Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Sanchez, J. I., O'Driscoll, M., Sparks, K., Bernin, P., Bssing, A., Dewe, P., Hart, P., Lu, L., Miller, K., de Moraes, L. F. R., Ostrognay, G. M., Pagon, M., Pitariu, H., Poelmans, S., Radhakrishnan, P., Russinova, V., Salamatov, V., Salgado, J., Shima, S., Siu, O. L., Benjamin Stora, J., Teichmann, M., Theorell, T., Vlerick, P., Westman, M., Widerszal-Bazyl, M., Wong, P., & Yu, S. (2001). Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well-being: An ecological level international study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 815-832.
    Stivers, C. (2002). Gender images in public administration: Legitimacy and the administrative state. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Sutton, R. I., & Rafaeli, A. (1988). Untangling the relationship between displayed emotions and organizational sales: The case of convenience stores. Academy of management Journal, 31(3), 461-487.
    Sykes, A. J. (1966). Joking relationships in an industrial setting. American anthropologist, 68(1), 188-193.
    Thomson, T. (2018). Mapping the emotional labor and work of visual journalism. Journalism, 22(4), 956-973.
    Wang, X. H., Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., & Janssen, O. (2015). Understanding employee innovative behavior: Integrating the social network and leader–member exchange perspectives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(3), 403-420.
    Warnars-Kleverlaan, N., Oppenheimer, L., & Sherman, L. (1996). To be or not to be humorous: Does it make difference? Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9(2),117-141.
    West, M. A. (1989). Innovation amongst health care professionals. Social Behaviour, 4(3), 173-184.
    Willnat, L., Weaver, D. H., & Wilhoit, G. C. (2017). The American journalist in the digital age: A half-century perspective. Peter Lang New York.
    World Health Organization. (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response.
    Yeğin, S. (2019). The Moderating Role of Humor Styles on the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Burnout. Marmara Universitesi (Turkey).
    Yuan, F., and Woodman, R. W. (2020). The multiple ways of behaving creatively in the workplace: a typology and model. J. Organ. Behav. 42, 20–33. doi: 10.1002/job.2488
    Yuan, Y. (2021). Leader–Employee Congruence in Humor and Innovative Behavior: The Moderating Role of Dynamic Tenure. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(433). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579551
    Yun, J. A., Lee, Y., & Mastracci, S. (2019). The Moderating Effect of Female Managers on Job Stress and Emotional Labor for Public Employees in Gendered Organizations: Evidence From Korea. Public Personnel Management, 48(4), 535-564. doi:10.1177/0091026019829163
    Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and sense of humor: Springer.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE