研究生: |
范梅英 Fan Mei-yieng |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
青少年人格特質、感恩心與幸福感之相關研究 The correlation among Personality Traits, gratitude, and well-being of Adolescents |
指導教授: | 陳李綢 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2009 |
畢業學年度: | 97 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 114 |
中文關鍵詞: | 人格特質 、感恩心 、幸福感 、感恩教育經驗 、青少年 |
英文關鍵詞: | personality traits, gratitude, well-being, the experience of gratitude education, Adolescents |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:1206 下載:92 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討北部地區青少年人格特質、感恩心與幸福感之相關性。研究方法為問卷調查法,研究者以北部地區三縣市(台北市、台北縣、新竹市之高中職一、二、三年級(含五專之專一至專三)的1116位學生為研究對象。以「個人特質量表」、「青少年感恩心量表」與「青少年幸福感量表」為研究工具,調查所得的資料以多變量變異數分析、Scheffe事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料處理及分析,茲將本研究的主要發現分述如下::
1.不同性別及感恩教育經驗之青少年在感恩心上有顯著差異,不同年級之青少年在感恩心整體上没有差異,但在感恩認知及感恩回報分層面上有差異。
2.青少年人格特質與感恩心有典型相關存在。青少年的人格特質愈正向,其感恩心也愈高。
3.青少年感恩心與幸福感有典型相關存在。青少年的感恩心愈高,其幸福感也愈高。
4.青少年人格特質層面中「樂觀進取」與「情緒表現」、感恩心層面之「感恩認知」能有效預期其幸福感,且預測力達64%。
最後,本研究根據研究結果進行討論並提出建議,以作為教育工作者、家長與未來研究之參考。
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation among personality traits, gratitude, and well-being of the Adolescents. The way of questionnaire was adopted in this study. The sample of this study consisted of 1116 Adolescents from 6 senior high schools, 2 vocational high schools and 2 colleges located in the north of Taiwan, consisting of Taipei city, Taipei county and Hsinchu city. The instruments of this study were personality traits inventory, gratitude inventory, and well-being inventory and basic information survey. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by MANOVA , Scheffe method, Pearson correlation analysis, canonical correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression Analysis. The main results from this research were shown as followed.
1.Adolescents of different gender and the experience of gratitude education show significant difference on gratitude scale but adolescents of different grade didn’t show significant difference on gratitude scale.
2. Personality was significantly correlated to gratitude. The more positive personality, the more well-being.
3. Gratitude was significantly correlated to well-being. The more gratitude, the more well-being..
4. 64 percent of variations of well-being of Adolescents could be effectively predicted by personality traits and gratitude.
Finally, based on the findings, suggestions for educators, parents and future research were provided.
參考文獻
一、中文部份
市川善彥(2008)。逆境中的幸福法則。台北:春光。
何琦瑜、李宜蓁(2009)。管教的危機。台北:親子天下,06,148-155。
余昭(1981)。人格心理學。台北:三民
余德慧(2004)。中國人的幸福觀。台北:張老師文化。
吳明隆(2004)。SPSS統計應用實務。台北:松崗。
李佩珊(2004)。國小學童內外控、幸福感與情緒智力及生活適應之相關研究 。國立臺南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
李素菁(2001)。青少年家庭支持與幸福感之相關研究--以台中市立國中生為例。靜宜大學青少年兒童福利研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
林莉芳(2004)。感恩經驗與目標設定對幸福感效應之研究。國立屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東。
林麗玲(2005)。青少年家人關係與幸福感之相關研究。輔仁大學兒童與家庭學所碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
林芝怡(2005)。國中生人格特質、休閒活動與幸福感之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
施建彬(1994)。幸福感來源其及相關因素之探討。高雄醫學院行為科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
紀佩妤(2009)。青少年感恩心測量之研究。國立臺北教育大學心理與諮商學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
高思謙譯(1979)。亞里士多德之宜高邁倫理學。台北:台灣商務印書館。
高麗雯(2004)。大學生的感恩心與知覺支持之相關研究。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張春興(1987)。心理學。台中:臺灣東華。
張靜慧(2006)。放心做父母:如何教出懂得感恩的孩子。康健,第074期。
陳正文譯(1997)。人格心理學。台北:心理。
陳李綢(2008)。中學生個人特質測量與適應性指標研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系教育心理學報,2008,40 卷,2 期,323-340 頁。
陳李綢、蔡順良(2006)。中學生情緒智慧、人際關係、個人特質、自我效能及生活適應測量與適應性指標研究報告。台北市:國立台灣師範大學。
陳念怡(2009)。了解孩子困擾行為關鍵問答。台北:親子天下,06,180-188。
陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究彙編:人文及社會科學,8 卷,1 期,115-137。
陸洛(2006)。人格理論。台北:湯姆生。
曾文祥(2005)。感恩方案對提升國小高年級學生幸福感的效果研究。國立新竹教育大學資處輔導教學碩士班研究所碩士論文,未出版,新竹。
曾貝露(1999)。青少年宗教態度、價值導向與幸福感關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
馮麗君(2008)。國中生生活壓力、正向壓力因應策略與幸福感之關聯性研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
黃堅厚(1999)。人格心理學。台北市:心理。
黃惠鈴(2004)。青少年人格特質、生活管理策略與幸福感之研究。國立國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
聖凱(2009)。佛教:一種幸福觀的教育。南京:佛教線上。
葉光輝譯(2005)。性格心理學:理論與研究。臺北:雙葉。
達賴(2003) 。開心:每天的幸福快樂來自心靈的開放。台北市:遠流出版社。
謝宗林譯(2007)。道德情感論。台北:五南。
釋證嚴(2009年6月6日)。溺愛孩子讓孩子無法無天。中國時報,第一版。
二、西文部份
Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: American’s perceptions of life quality. New York: Plenum.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Methuen.
Borba, M. (2004). Don't give me that attitude!: 24 rude, selfish, insensitive things kids ko and how to stop them. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36 (2), 129-148.
Burger, J. M. (2003). Personality. Thomson Learning.
Cattell, R. B. (1950). Personality: A systematic, theoretical, and factual study. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Childre, D., & Martin, H. (1999). The heartmath solution. New York: HarperCollins.
Clore, G. L., Ortony, A. & Foss, M. A. (1987). The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 53, 751-766.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being : Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38 (4), 668-678.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO personality inventory manual. Florida: Psycological assessment resources.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). An introduction of the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60 (2), 175-215.
DeNeve, K. M. & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197-229.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E. & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1985). Personality correlates of subject well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 89-97.
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M.E. (2003). Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (2), 377-389.
Emmons, R.A. (2003). How the new science of gratitude can make you happier. Houhgton Mifflin.
Eysenck, H. J. (1953). The structure of human personality. London: Methuen.
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In Emmons, R.A., & McCullough, M. E. (Eds.). The psychology of gratitude. (pp. 145-166). New York: Oxford University Press.
Fredrickson, B. L., Michele M. T., Christian E. W., Gregory R. L. (2003).What Good Are Positive Emotions in Crises? A Prospective Study of Resilience and Emotions Following the Terrorist Attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365-376.
Frijda, N. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
Froh, J. J., Sefick, W. J., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents : An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46(2), 213-233.
Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2008). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 29 August 2008.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4 (1), 26-42.
Goldenson, R. M. (1970). The encyclopedia of human behavior: psychology, psychiatry, and mental health. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday.
Guilford, T. P. (1959). Personality. New York: Megraw-Hill.
Klein, M. (1957). Envy and gratitude : A study of unconscious sources. London :Routledge, 2001, c1957.
Lazarus, R. S. & Lazarus, B. N. (1994). Passion and reason: Making sense of our emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Liebert, R. M. & Liebert, L. L. (1994).Personality: Strategies and issues. Pacific Grove, Calif. : Brooks/Cole
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111-131.
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002).The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82 , 112–127.
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001) . Is gratitude a moral affect?. Psychological Bulletin. 127 (2), 249-266.
Neto, F. (2007). Forgiveness, personality and gratitude.Personality and Individual Differences, 43 (8) , 2313-2323.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure. Journal of Abonumal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Positive Psychology News Daily (2004). Positive Emotion Image Map , NY (Editor K.H.B.) - http://pos-psych.com/positivee.
Rosenberg, E. L. (1998). Levels of analysis and the organization of affect. Review of GeneralPsychology, 2, 247–270.
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495-524.
Schimmack, U. & Reisenzein, R. (1997). Cognitive processes involved in similarity judgments of emotions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 73, 645-661.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
Simmel, G. (1907). On individuality and social forms : selected writings. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, c1971.
Smith, A. (2007/1759). The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Cambridge University Press.
Stefan K. (2002). Die Glucksformel. (陳素幸譯,2004)。不斷幸福論。台北︰大塊).Egger& Landwehr KG..
Storm, C. & Storm, T. (1987). A taxonomic study of the vocabulary of emotions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 53, 805-816.
Tesser, A., Gatewood, R., & Driver, M. (1968). Some determinants of gratitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 233-236.
Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait? Social Indicators Research, 32, 101-160.
Watkins, P. C. (2004). Gratitude and subjective well-being. In R. A. Emmons, & M. E. McCullough (Eds.) The psychology of gratitude (pp. 167-192). New York: Oxford University Press.
Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 431-452.
Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548-573.
Weiner, B., Russell, D., and Lerman, D. (1979). The cognition emotion process in Achievement-Related Contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 (7), 1211-1220.
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences ,45, 49-54.
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2009). Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 46 (4), 443-447.
Wood, A. M., Maltby, J. Gillett, R., Linley, P. A. & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42 (4), 854-871.
Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Stewart, N., Joseph, S. (2008). Conceptualizing gratitude and appreciation as a unitary personality trait. Personality and Individual Differences, 44 (3), 621-632.