本研究的目的為描述大專院校羽球教練的訓練行為，進而探討教練、選手對教練訓練行為的知覺是否一致，以及二者對於訓練行為的看法。參與研究對象為四位教練及其訓練的選手，資料蒐集包含了觀察工具、問卷、訪談三種，採用以量為主；質為輔的研究方式來瞭解教練的訓練行為，經由結果的分析與討論後得到下列結論。一、參與本研究的羽球教練之訓練行為，整體來說：1.指導是教練們最常顯現的行為，常見的訓練行為依序為事後指導、管理、當場指導、責備等項。指導類行為佔1/2弱，其中以事後指導居首位；非指導類行為佔了1/2強(52.25%)，其中又以管理行為排名首位。2.四位教練間的行為互有差異，此差異與選手等級及教練訓練的方法、重點有關。3.不同期間的訓練行為不同，訓練後期觀察到的行為次數顯著減少，且行為內容也與其它訓練期不大相同，此與訓練重點有極大關係。二、教練、選手知覺及觀察到教練訓練行為間的一致性：1.一致性最高者為指導行為。2.選手有高估教練示範行為的現象，此正說明了示範於選手心目中的地位。3.觀察的行為與教練知覺、選手知覺三者間不一致的現象，表示本研究的教練只能部分正確的評估其行為，也顯示了教練自評的重要性。三、教練及選手對教練訓練行為的看法，經歸納分析訪談結果後，使我們對教練訓練行為有更深入的瞭解。最後再依研究結果與結論提出建議，以作為日後教練、後續研究或教練培育參考。

The purpose of this study was to describe coaching behaviors of collegiate badminton coaches, and to examine the consistency of coach-athletes perceived coaching behaviors. The participants of this study were four collegiate badminton coaches and their athletes. Systematic observation instrument ASUOI, interview and questionnaire were utilized to collect data during collegiate badminton season. Results revealed that instruction were the most frequently observed behavior and different coaching behavior existed among those coaches. Instruction was the most consistent behavior that perceived by coaches and athletes while the other behaviors were not. This implied coaches and athletes could only perceived partially correct coaching behaviors. Interview data indicated that coaching behavior were more dimensional perspective than was thought before. In addition, the findings offered three suggestions for practical application and coach education. There are some ambiguous variables needed further exploration for better understanding the coaching behavior.

Key words:

中文

石昌益(民87)，系統觀察法之應用─教練訓練行為FAP之回饋分析
描述‧台灣省學校體育，8(3)，頁20-27。
李俊杰(民84)，體育教學研究─系統觀察法之介紹‧東師體育，5，
頁3-12。
吳海助(民85)，教練行為記錄模式─CBRF系統觀察法之介紹‧台灣
省學校體育，6(5)，頁49-54。
吳海助(民86)，學校專任運動教練行為分析─以國小手球教練為例‧
國立體育學院論叢，7(2)，頁177-200。
吳萬福(民70)，運動訓練的心理影響‧國民體育季刊，10(3)，頁14-
18。教育部體育司。
周宏室(民81)，我國學校專任教練的養成及未來展望‧國民體育季
刊，21(2)，頁26-34。
周宏室(民81)，體育教師、教練與代表隊之關係‧大專體育，3(2)，
頁25-27。
林靜萍(民82)，國中體育教學師生戶動分析‧國立臺灣師大體育研究
碩士論文，未出版。
翁志成(民87)，運動訓練管理‧台北：師大書苑。
夏淑琴(民87)，體育科專家教與生手教師之比較研究─以教師回饋為
例‧國立臺灣師大體育研究所碩士論文，未出版。
黃天中(民87)，心理學，台北：桂冠出版社。
黃月嬋(民81)，有效體育教的教師行為分析‧國立臺灣師大體育研究
碩士論文，未出版。
黃金柱(民79)，國家及運動教練行為之研究調查‧國立體育學院論
叢，1(2)，頁33─62。
黃明教(民88)，科學訓練探索‧1999海峽兩岸大專院校體育研討會
專刊，頁455-458。
黃瑞琴(民83)，質的教育研究法，台北：心理出版社。
黃麗莉(民79)，組織行為─管理心理學理論與實務，台北：揚智文化
事業。
陳玉枝(民85)，體育課學生行為之描述分析─以台北縣國民小學開放
教育之體育教學為例， 國立臺灣師大體育研究碩士論文，未出
版。
陳建森(民86)，ASUOI運動教練行為系統觀察法之應用‧台灣省學
校體育，7(2)，頁24-31。
陳勝美(民83)，體育課之教師行為分析‧國立臺灣師大體育研究碩士
論文，未出版。
許義雄(民72)，體育的理念‧台北：現代體育出版社。頁64。
許義雄(民84)，體育教學與運動訓練宜嚴加區隔‧台灣省學校體育，
5(2)，頁4-5。
許樹淵(民86)，運動科學導論‧台北：偉彬體育研究社。
張宏亮(民81)，運動教練與代表隊選手之溝通行為，大專體育第三
卷第二期，頁54-57。
彭美麗、陶志翔、王文教、陳福壽(民83)，教練訓練指南，台北：文史哲出版社。
程嘉彥(民79)，影響我國羽球運動發展因素之研究，台北：中華羽球
雜誌社。
楊孝榮(民88)，內容分析‧收於楊國樞等(編)社會行為科學研究法
(下)‧台北：東華。
過家興(民83)，運動訓練過程的一般模式‧教練訓練指南‧台北：文
史哲出版社。
葉憲清(民86)，建立學校運動教練芻議‧國民體育季刊，26(4)，頁
36-43。
樊正治(民70)， 運動訓練與運動指導‧國民體育季刊，10(3)，頁10-13。
教育部體育司
鄭志富(民84)，運動教練領導行為模式分析‧臺灣師大體育研究，1，
頁75-90。
鄭志富(民86)，運動教練領導行為研究取向‧中華體育季刊，11(1)，
頁22-31。
鄭漢吾(民88)，教練訓練行為觀察工具ASUOI之介紹‧87學年度學
校體育改革策略研討會。
鄭漢吾(民88)，教練訓練行為文獻回顧‧體育學報第29輯審稿中。
鄭漢吾、闕月清(民89)，優秀學校手球教練訓練行為之研究‧中華民
國大專院校89年度體育學術研討會‧頁347- 351。
鐘敏華(民84)，國中體育教師回饋與學生學習成就之相關研究‧國立
臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文，未出版。

英文

Bloom, G. A., Bush, N. D., & Samela, J. H. (1997) Pre-and Post
competition routines of expert coaches of team sports. The Sport
Psychdogist,11, 127-141.
Black, S. J. & Weiss, M. R. (1992) The relationship among perceived
coaching behaviors perceptions of ability and motivation in
competitive age-group swimmers. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychologt,14, 309-325
Chaumeton, N. R., & Duda, J. L. (1988). Is it how you play the game or
whether you win or lose？the effect of competitive level and situation on coaching behaviors. Journal of Sport Behavior,11(3),
157-175.
Claxton, D. B. (1988). A systematic observation of more and less
Successful high school tennis coaches.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,7, 302-310.
Cote, J., Salmela, J., Trudel, P., Baria, A., & Russell, S. (1995). The coaching model : a grounded assessment of expert gymnastic coaches’ knowledge. Journal of Sport Psychology ,17, 1-17.
Davis, p. (1980). The badminton coach. ISBN 0718212436.
De Marco, G.M . P., Mancini, V. H., & West, D. A. (1997). Reflections on change：a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a baseball coach’s
behavior.Journal of Sport Behavior,20(2), 135-161.
Golden, A. J., Ciapponi, T. M., & Martin, A. D. (1998).Coach expectations and differential feedback：perceptual flexibility revisited.Journal ofSport Behavior,21(3), 298-309.
Jones, D. F., Housner, L. D., & Korpan, A. S. (1997). Interactive decision making and behavior of experienced and inexperienced basketball coaches during practice.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,16, 454-468.
Jones, R., Potrac, P. & Ramalli, K. (1999). Where sport meets physical
education : a systematic observation of role conflict.International Journal of Physical Education. Vol. 36, Issue 1, first Quarter, 7-14.
Johnson, R. B .& Franks, I. M. (1991). Measureing the reliability of a computer-aided systematic observation instrument. Canadian Journal of Sport Science.16(1), 45-57.
Lacy, A. C., & Darst, P. D. (1985). Systematic observation of behavior of winning high school head football coaches. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,4, 256-270.
Lacy, A. C., & Goldston, P. D. (1990). Behavior analysis of male and female coaches in high school girls’ basketball . Journal of Sport Behavior,13(1), 29-39.
Longueville,F. A., Fournier, J. F., & Doubois, A. (1998). The Sport
Psychdogist.12, 317-322.
Mancini,V. H., Clark, E. K., & Wueest, D. A. (1987). Short-and long –
term effects of supervisory feedback on the interaction patterns of an intercollegiate field hockey coach.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,6, 404-410.
Millard,L.,(1996)Differences in coaching behaviors of male and female
high school soccer coaches.Journal of Sports Behavior,19(1),19─31.
Miller, A. W. (1992). Systematic observation behavior similarities of
youth sport soccer coaches.Quarterly Research,Fall.136-143.
Newman, D. (1992). Teacher effectiveness and coaching behavior. JOPRED,April , 5-7.
Parker, M. & Sharp(1995).Peer tutoring-an effecting coaching tool.
JOPRED, October,50-55.
Paul, G. M., Mancini, V. H. & West, D. A. (1997). Reflections on change
qualitative and quantitative analysis of a baseball coachers behavior.
Journal of Behavior, 20(2), 135-160.
Phillips, T. M .(1991). An analysis of teaching behaviors through systematic observation of basketball coaches.Dal-a.52/04,P.1254,
OCT.
Rupert, T., & Buschner, C. (1989). Teaching and coaching：A comparison of instructional behaviors.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ,
9,49-57.
Salminen, S., & Liokkonen, J. (1996). Coach –athlete relationships and
coaching behavior in training sessions. International Journal of Sport
Psychology,27, 59-67.
Segrave, J. O., & Ciancio, C. A. (1990). An observational study of a successful pop warner coach.Journal of Sport Psychology, 9,294-306.
Smith, E., & Smoll, F. L. (1990). Self-esteem and childeren’s reactions to
youth sport coaching bechaviors：a field study of self–enhancement
processes.Developmental Psychology,26(6), 987-993.
Solomon, G. B., & Kosmitzki, C. (1996). Perceptual flexibility and
differential feedback among intercollegiate basketball coaches.
Journal of Sport Behavior,9(2),63-177.
Solomon, G. B., Golden, A. J., iapponi, T .M., & Martin, A. D. (1998) .
Coach expectations and differential feeback: perceptual flexibility
Revisited. Coach Behaviors, 21, 3, 298-310.
Spencer, A. F. (1992). Teaching and coaching behaviors of dual role
college physical educator/coaches:a case study. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation ,The Florida State University.
Strean, W. B. Senecal, K. L., Howett, S. G., & Burgess, J, M. (1997). Xs
and what the coach knows : Improving team strategy through critical
thinking. The Sport Psychologist, 11, 243-256
Summers ,R. J. (1991). The Association between athletes’ perceptions of
their abilities on the influence of coach technical-instruction.Journal
of Sport Behavior, 14(1), 31-40.
Trudel, P., Cote, T., & Sylvestre, F. (1996). Systematic observation of ice
hockey referees during games.Journal of Sport Behavior,19(1),66-81.
van der Mars, H. (1983). Systematic observation:an introduction.in P.W.
Zarst, V. H. Mancini, & D. B. Zakrajsek, Analyzing physical education and sport instruction(pp.3-4). Champaign, IL:Leisure Press.
Wandzilak, T., Ansorge, C. J., & Potter, G. (1988). Comparison between selected practice and game bahaviors of youth sport soccer coaches. Journal of Sport Behavior, 11(2),78-88.
Weiss, M. R. & Friedrichs, W. D. (1986).The influence of leader behaviors
,coach attributes,and instructional variables on performance and satisfaction of collegiate basketball teams. Journal Of Sport Psychology, 332-346.
Young, J. C. (1981). Comparison of leader style,behaviors and effect
uveness of male and female coaches.ERIC NO:ED231830.