簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃良偉
Huang, Liang-Wei
論文名稱: 遠距工作、休閒參與、工作壓力和孤獨感之相關研究-以高科技產業員工為例
Remote work, Leisure participation, Work stress, and Loneliness among High-Tech Industry Employees
指導教授: 張晏蓉
Chang, Yen-Jung
口試委員: 張家臻
Chang, Chia-Chen
胡益進
Hu, Yih-Jin
張晏蓉
Chang, Yen-Jung
口試日期: 2023/01/18
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 健康促進與衛生教育學系
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 156
中文關鍵詞: 高科技產業人員遠距工作休閒參與工作壓力孤獨感
英文關鍵詞: High-Tech Industry Employees, Remote work, Leisure participation, Work stress, Loneliness
研究方法: 調查研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400121
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:189下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究的目的為探討高科技產業人員的遠距工作、休閒參與、工作壓力、和孤獨感之相關性,此為橫斷性研究,研究對象為高科技產業公司之20歲以上的員工,採問卷調查法,有效問卷共631份。研究結果如下:
    一、研究對象整體工作壓力平均得分2.81、工作控制平均得分2.85、工作負荷平均得分2.74、就業缺乏保障平均得分2.47、職場正義平均得分2.91、主管社會支持平均得分2.97、同事社會支持平均得分3.03。
    二、研究對象休閒參與的活動意願介於每月至少1-2次至每週至少1-2次之間;休閒參與量表的實際參與頻率(至少30分鐘/次)每月至少1-2次。
    三、研究對象孤獨感平均得分2.71,介於「很少有」到「有時候有」之間。
    四、「工作控制」量表得分方面,「遠距工作未滿6個月」、「遠距工作6個月以上」與「完全沒有遠距工作」相比「工作控制」平均得分較低。「休閒參與頻率_每月至少1-2次」與「休閒參與頻率 每年不到1 次」相比工作控制平均得分較高。「就業缺乏保障」量表得分方面,「休閒參與頻率_每年至少1次」、「休閒參與頻率_每月至少1-2次」與「休閒參與頻率 每年不到1 次」相比就業缺乏保障平均得分較低;「同事社會支持」量表得分方面,顯示「休閒參與頻率_每年至少1 次」、「休閒參與頻率_每月至少1-2次」與「休閒參與頻率 每年不到1 次」相比同事社會支持平均得分較高。
    五、遠距工作與休閒參與對於「職場正義」、「主管社會支持」量表得分有交互作用,以不同休閒參與頻率分為低中高三組分析,在高休閒參與頻率的研究對象中,與「完全沒有遠距工作」相比,「遠距工作未滿6個月」、「遠距6個月以上者」,其職場正義平均得分較高。高度和低度休閒參與頻率程度的組別,「遠距工作未滿六個月」與主管社會支持得分呈現正向相關,但中等休閒參與頻率程度的組別,「遠距工作未滿六個月」則與主管社會支持得分呈現負向相關。
    六、在孤獨感量表得分的預測模型方面,「遠距工作6個月以上」與孤獨感量表得分負相關,較高的休閒參與頻率也與孤獨感量表得分負相關。

    This study aimed to explore the relationship between remote work, leisure participation, work stress, and loneliness among high-tech industry employees. The cross-sectional study recruited 631 employees aged 20 and above in multiple high-tech industry company. The key findings are summarized as follows:
    1. Participants’ average work stress score was 2.81, work control score was 2.85, work load score was 2.74, employment insecurity score was 2.47, workplace justice score was 2.91, supervisor social support score was 2.97, and colleague social support score was 3.03.
    2. Participants expressed willingness for leisure activities ranging from at least 1-2 times per month to at least 1-2 times per week. Actual participation frequency in leisure activities (at least 30 minutes per time) was at least 1-2 times per month.
    3. The average loneliness score was 2.71, ranging from rarely to sometimes.
    4. Remote work status and leisure participation frequency significantly predicted work control scores. Scores on the work control scale were lower for participants worked remotely compared to those without remote work experience. Additionally, individuals engaging in leisure activities 1-2 times per month scored higher on the work control scale compared to those participating less than once a year. For employment insecurity, individuals participating in leisure activities at least 1-2 times per month scored lower on the scale than those participating less than once a year. Colleagues' social support scores were higher for individuals with leisure participation at least 1-2 times per month compared to those with leisure participation less than once a year.
    5. An interactive effect of remote work and leisure participation on workplace justice and supervisor social support was observed. Among those with higher leisure participation frequency, those working remotely showed higher workplace justice scores than those without remote work experience. In terms of the supervisor social support scale, among the groups with high and low frequencies of leisure participation, those worked remotely for less than 6 months reported higher scores, whereas for the middle-level leisure participation group, those worked remotely for less than 6 months reported lower scores compared to those without remote work experience.
    6. Remote work for more than 6 months was negatively correlated with loneliness scale scores. Leisure participation frequency at least 1 time per year and at least 1-2 times per month were also negatively correlated with loneliness scale scores.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與重要性 1 第二節 研究目的 5 第三節 研究問題 6 第四節 研究假設 7 第五節 名詞操作型定義 8 第六節 研究限制 10 第二章 文獻探討 11 第一節 高科技產業人員工作壓力 11 第二節 遠距工作下孤獨感 20 第三節 高科技產業人員休閒參與 23 第四節 小結 28 第三章 研究方法 29 第一節 研究架構 29 第二節 研究對象 31 第三節 研究工具 32 第四節 研究步驟 37 第五節 資料處理與分析 39 第六節 研究之倫理考量 42 第四章 研究結果 43 第一節 研究對象背景變項之分布情形 43 第二節 研究對象遠距工作、休閒參與、工作壓力與孤獨感之現況 47 第三節 研究對象背景因素與其工作壓力、孤獨感之相關性 58 第四節 研究對象之不同遠距工作與其工作壓力、孤獨感之關係 76 第五節 研究對象之不同遠距工作與休閒參與之關係 80 第六節 研究對象遠距工作和休閒參與之交互作用探討 88 第七節 研究對象之背景變項、遠距工作、休閒參與對工作壓力與孤獨感之預測力 95 第五章 討論、結論與建議 110 第一節 討論 110 第二節 結論 115 第三節 建議 117 參考文獻 120 附錄一 預試問卷 138 附錄二 正式問卷 146 附錄三 研究倫理審查核可證明書 154 附錄四 休閒參與量表使用同意書 155 附錄五 孤獨感量表使用同意書 156

    一、中文部份
    王福生 (2003) 。出版事業從業人員休閒態度與休閒活動參與關係之研究。台中朝陽科技大學,台中市。
    朱明謙 (2001) 。高科技產業從業人員休閒行為、工作壓力與工作績效之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。義守大學,高雄。
    行政院主計處 (2006)。家庭組成型態變遷。取自:https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/662814133871.pdf。
    沈易利 (2000) 。臺灣省民眾休閒運動參與和需求之研究:以北、中、南地區為例。臺中市,霧峰出版社。
    李立良、陳科嘉、賴正全 (2012)。新竹科學園區高科技產業勞工工作壓力、休閒參與及幸福感之研究。交大體育學刊,(3),40-52。
    吳文銘 (2001) 。人格特質、自我娛樂能力、休閒參與及休閒滿意線性關係結構之建構與驗證。國立體育學院,桃園縣。
    呂淑妤 (2006) 。壓力調適與情緒管理。臺北市終身學習網通訊,33。17-20。
    周珮嫻 (2008) 。高科技從業人員對公司休閒活動提供滿意度與工作壓力紓解之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。大葉大學,彰化。
    孟承橦 (2014) 。科技業從業人員工作壓力、工作倦怠與離職傾向相關之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。暨南國際大學,南投縣。
    周芊華 (2015) 。新竹科學園區高科技產業從業人員工作壓力、休閒活動參與及生活滿意度之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。育達科技大學,台北。
    林筠棋、張志銘、盛世慧、張淑娟 (2015)。台中市國中教師休閒運動調適、休閒運動參與程度與工作壓力之相關研究。運動與遊憩研究,10(2),21-39。
    紀成進 (2011)。 臺中市國民中學教師兼任行政工作人員工作壓力、休閒參與及休閒阻之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。逢甲大學,臺中市。
    科技部(2019)。統計資料庫。台北:作者。取自:https://wsts.most.gov.tw/stsweb/technology/TechnologyDataIndex.aspx?language=C。
    科技部(2020)。科學園區2020年上半年營業額、出口額及就業人數同步創新高【新聞網】。取自:https://www.most.gov.tw/folksonomy/detail/de162699-436c-40c5-ba44-39375802755a?l=ch。
    高俊雄 (1995)。休閒利益三因素模式。戶外遊憩研究,第8卷,第1期,第15-28 頁。
    徐金鋒 (2010) 。高科技從業人員身體活動與工作壓力之關係研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立體育大學,桃園市。
    陸洛 (1997) 。工作壓力之歷程:理論與研究的對話。中華心理衛生學刊,10 (4),19-51。
    曹以樂 (2004) 。大台北地區青少年休閒認知與參與行為之研究。師範大學,台北。
    郭秀娟 (2005) 。運動休閒健康管理總論。臺北:新文京。
    郭娉如 (2008)。大學生社交焦慮傾向、反芻思考、寂寞板及網路使用時間之相關使用 (未出版碩士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹。
    許豐祺 (2009) 。精神科醫師的工作壓力、休閒參與和個人生活幸福感受之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北。
    許耀文 (2010)。工作壓力、休閒參與與身心健康關係之研究-以嘉義市公立幼稚園教室為例。國立雲林科技大學,碩士論文。
    陳福才 (2017)。研究對象工作壓力、休閒調適與生活品質之研究-以新竹台積電員工為例 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東大學,屏東市。
    曾慧萍、鄭雅文 (2002)。「負荷─控制─支持」與「付出─回饋失衡」工作壓力模型中文版量表之信、效度檢驗:以電子產業員工為研究對象。台灣衛誌,21(6),420-432。
    葉盈蘭 (2008)。研究對象工作壓力、休閒參與與工作生活平衡之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北。
    楊有生 (2012)。高科技產業從業人員正向心理、休閒行為與工作壓力之相關研究 (未出版之碩士論文) 。國立暨南國際大學,南投縣。
    劉立祥 (2020)。科技從業人員工作壓力、職業倦怠與心理健康之關係-以法人研發機構為例 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東大學,屏東市。
    鄭世元 (2004)。中部溫泉區遊客休閒活動與旅遊消費行為之研究-以杜家生活型態為區隔變項 (未出版之碩士論文)。大業大學休閒事業管理學系碩士班,彰化。
    鄭味玲 (2007)。屏東縣國中生休閒活動參與、休閒態度及休閒阻礙之研究。屏東大學體育系,屏東縣。
    蔡尚君 (2021)。遠距工作對工作生活平衡與工作績效的影響 (未出版之碩士論文)。淡江大學,台北市。
    謝明娟、林維森、張政國、王穎章、許怡菁 (2008)。醫師工作壓力暨工作滿意度研究-以台北市某醫學中心為例。非營利組織管理學刊,5,47-63。
    謝以琳 (2012)。高科技產業從業人員工作壓力對工作績效影響之研究 (未出版之碩士論文) 。龍華科技大學,桃園市。
    鍾金明、莊浩威 (2006)。我國高科技產業安全績效之探討-半導體產業為例。工業安全衛生月刊 208 33 47 。

    二、英文部份
    Akkirman, A. D., & Harris, D. L. (2005). Organizational communication satisfaction in the virtual workplace. Journal of Management Development, 24, 397–409.
    Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16, 40–68.
    AlphaBeta. (2017). The Automation Advantage. Available at
    https://www.alphabeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/The-Automation-Advantage.pdf (accessed 14 May 2020).
    American College Of Sports Medicine. (2017). World Congress on Exercise is Mediccne. 2019 年11 月1 日,取自: http://www.acsmannualmeeting.org/program/exercise-is-medicine.
    American Psychological Association. Stress in America. (2020). A National Mental Health Crisis. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2020/report-october.
    Anya Johnson, Markus Groth, Sadhbh Joyce, Leona Tan, Nicholas Glozier & Samuel B Harvey. (2020). A review and agenda for examining how technology-driven changes at work will impact workplace mental health and employee well-being. Australian Journal of Management, 45(3), 1-23.
    Anderson, S. (2020). COVID-19 and leisure in the United States. World Leisure Journal,62(2), 352–356.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825259.
    Australian Telework Advisory Committee . (2006). Telework for Australian employees and businesses maximizing the economic and social benefits of flexible working practices. Report of the Australian Telework Advisory Committee to the Australian Government, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
    Balasubramanian, A., Paleri, V., Bennett, R., & Paleri, V. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of surgeons and coping strategies. Head Neck, 42(7), 1638–1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26291.
    Beehr, T., & Newmamn, J. (1978). Job Stress,employee health and organizational effectiveness:A facet analysis, model and literature review. Personal Psychology, 31, 665-669.
    Bèlanger, F. (1999). Workers’ propensity to telecommute: An empirical study. Information & Management, 35(3), 139-153.
    Bloom N, Liang J, Roberts J, et al. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 130: 165–218.
    Boell, S. K., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Campbell, J. (2016). Telework paradoxes and practices: The importance of the nature of work. New Technology, Work and Employment, 31, 114–131.
    Brodt, T. L., & Verburg, R. M. (2007). Managing mobile work—insights from European practice. New Technology, Work and Employment, 22(1), 52-65.
    British Broadcasting Corporation. Coronavirus: the world in lockdown in maps and charts. (2020). Available: https://www. bbc. co.uk/ news/ world- 52103747 [Accessed 12 Aug 2020].
    Butts MM, Becker WJ and Boswell WR. (2015). Hot buttons and time sinks: The effects of electronic communication during nonwork time on emotions and work–nonwork conflict. Academy of Management Journal 58: 763–788.
    Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Crawford LE, et al. (2002). Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine 64: 407–417.
    Campione W. (2008). Employed women’s well-being: The global and daily impact of work. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 29: 346–361.
    Calogiuri, G., Evensen, K., Weydahl, A., Andersson, K., Patil, G., Ihlebæk, C., & Raanaas, R. K. (2016). Green exercise as a workplace intervention to reduce job stress. Results from a pilot study. Work,53(1), 99-111.
    Castaneda, R. (2019). What Type of Anxiety Do You Suffer From? U.S.News &World Report L.P. https://health.usnews.com/health care/patient advice/slideshows/what type of anxiety do you suffer from.
    Cheng, Y., Luh, W. M., & Guo Y. L. (2003). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire in Taiwanese workers. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10(1), 15-30.
    Chen, C. T., Hu, J. L., Wang, C. C., & Chen, C. F. (2011). A study of the effects of internship experiences on the behavioural intentions of college students majoring in leisure management in Taiwan. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education,10(2), 61-73.
    Chen, I. S. (2020). Turning home boredom during the outbreak of COVID-19 into thriving at home and career self-management: The role of online leisure crafting. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(11), 3645–3663. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0580.
    Chun, S., & Lee, C. (2010). The role of leisure in the experience of posttraumatic growth for people with spinal cord injury. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(3), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2010.11950211.
    Chun, S., Lee, Y., Kim, B., & Heo, J. (2012). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to stress-related growth. Leisure Sciences, 34(5), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.714704.
    Cho, J.H.; Kim, Y.J. (2016). The Impact of Physical Activity on Quality of Life and Subjective Health. Asian J. Phys. Educ. Sport Sci. (AJPESS) 4, 65–72
    Cooper, C. L. (1988). A structural model approach toward the development of a theory of the link between stress and mental health. British Journal of medical psychology, pp. 87-102. Rate, Journal of applied Psychology, Vol. 60, No.6, pp.713-719.
    Coleman, D., Iso Ahola, S. E. (1993) Leisure a nd health: the role of Social support and self-determination. Journal of Leisure Research,25(2),111-128.
    Conway III, L.G.; Woodard, S.R.; Zubrod, A. (2020). Social Psychological Measurements of COVID-19: Coronavirus Perceived Threat, Government Response, Impacts, and Experiences Questionnaires. Psy. Ar. Xiv, 4, 7.
    Crewdson, J.A. (2016). The Eeffect of Loneliness in the Elderly Population:A Review. Healthy Aging and Clinical Care in the Elderly, 8:1-8.
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M.(1985a). Imtrinsuc motivation and self-determination in human behavior. NY:The University od Rochester Press.
    Department of Jobs and Small Business. (2018). Australian jobs 2018 Report. Australian Government. Available at: https://docs.jobs.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/australianjobs2018.pdf.
    Dimitrova, D. (2003). Controlling teleworkers: Supervision and flexibility revisited. New Technology, Work & Employment, 18, 181–195.
    Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C, Caperchione C, et al. (2012). Temporal trends in and relationships between screen time, physical activity, overweight and obesity. BMC Public Health 12: 1060.
    Eguchi H, Hino A, Inoue A, Tsuji M, Tateishi S, Ando H, et al. (2021). Effect of Anxiety About COVID-19 Infection in the Workplace on the Association Between Job Demands and Psychological Distress. Front Public Health. 2021;9:722071. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.722071.
    Fonner, K. L., & Roloff, M. E. (2010). Why teleworkers are more satisfied with their jobs than are office-based workers: When less contact is beneficial. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(4), 336-361.
    Ford ES and Caspersen CJ. (2012). Sedentary behaviour and cardiovascular disease: A review of prospective studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 41: 1338–1353.
    Fujii R, Konno Y, Tateishi S, Hino A, Tsuji M, Ikegami K, et al. (2021). Association Between Time Spent With Family and Loneliness Among JapaneseWorkers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786400.
    Fuyu Miyake, Chimed-Ochir Odgerel, Ayako Hino, Kazunori Ikegami, Tomohisa Nagata ,Seiichiro Tateishi, Mayumi Tsuji, Shinya Matsuda, Tomohiro Ishimaru. (2021). Job stress and loneliness among remote
    workers. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.31.21258062.
    Gilson, L. L., Maynard, M. T., Young, N. C. J., Vartiainen, M., & Hakonen, M. (2015). Virtual teams research 10 years, 10 themes, and 10 opportunities. Journal of Management, 41(5),1313-1337.
    Glavin P and Schievman S. (2012). Work–family role blurring and work–family conflict: The moderating influence of job resources and job demands. Work and Occupations 39: 71–98.
    Global Workplace Analytics. (2018). Telecommuting Trend Data. Available from https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/telecommuting-statistics (accessed 14 May 2020).
    Golden TD. (2006). The role of relationships in understanding telecommuter satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior 27: 319–340.
    González López-Valcárcel, B. ; Vallejo-Torres, L. (2021). The Costs of COVID-19 and the Cost-Effectiveness of Testing. Appl. Econ. Anal. 2021. ahead-of-print. [CrossRef].
    Healy, G., Lawler, S., Thorp, A., Neuhaus, M., Robson, E., Owen, N., & Dunstan, D. (2012). Reducing prolonged sitting in the workplace. (An evidence review: Full report). Melbourne, Australia: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.
    Hertz, N. (2020). The Lonely Century: Comi ng Together in a World that's Pulling Apart. Sceptre.
    Hickman, A. (2019). Workplace Isolation Occurring in Remote Workers. Minneapolis: Walden University.
    Horton J, Cameron A, Devaraj D, et al. (2018). Workplace Safety Futures: The Impact of Emerging Technologies and Platforms on Work Health and Safety and Workers’ Compensation Over the Next 20 Years. Canberra, ACT, Australia: CSIRO.
    Hutchinson, S. L., & Kleiber, D. A. (2005). Gifts of the ordinary: Casual leisure’s contributions to health and wellbeing. World Leisure Journal, 47(3), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2005.9674401.
    Iwasaki, Y., & Schneider, I. E. (2003). Leisure, stress, and coping. An Evolving Area of Inquiry Leisure Sciences, 25(2– 3), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400306567.
    Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B. J., & Butcher, J. (2005). Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among police and emergency response services workers. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105305048557.
    Ikegami K, Baba H, Ando H, Hino A, Tsuji M, Tateishi S, et al. (2022). Job stress among workers who telecommute during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01865.
    Johnson AM and Jackson PR. (2012). Golden parachutes: Changing the experience of unemployment for managers. Journal of Vocational Behavior 80: 474–485.
    Karasek, R.A. (1979). Job demand,job decision latitude and mental strain: Implicaltions for job redesign. Adm Sci Q.1979;24:285-308.
    Karasek, R.A. (1985) . Job content instrument: Questionnaire and users guide. Los Angeles, CA: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,University of Southern California.
    Kelliher, C., & Anderson, D. (2010). Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work. Human Relations, 63,83–106.
    Kiburz, K. (2016). A closer look into remote work: Examining resources within remote work arrangements with outcomes of job performance and work-family conflict (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/6275.
    Kim, Y. J., & Cho, J. H. (2020). Correlation between preventive health behaviors and psycho-social health based on the leisure activities of South Koreans in the COVID-19 Crisis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 4066. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114066.
    Kleiber, D. A., Walker, G. J., & Mannell, R. C. (2011). A social psychology of leisure. Venture Publishing Inc.
    Kompier, M. A., Taris, T. W., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Tossing and turning-insomnia in relation to occupational stress, rumination, fatigue,and well-being. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 38,238–246
    Konno Y, Nagata M, Hino A, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Ogami A, et al. (2021). Association between loneliness and psychological distress: A cross-sectional study among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Med Rep. 2021;24:101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101621.
    Kristen, S. (2019). How Companies Benefit When Employees Work Remotely. Research and Ideas. Retrieved from https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/howcompanies-benefit-when-employees-work-remotely.
    Lachance, E. L. (2020). COVID-19 and its impact on volunteering: Moving towards virtual volunteering. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 104-110.https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773990.
    Lesser, I. A., & Nienhuis, C. P. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior and well-being of Canadians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 11. https://doi.org/10. 3390/ijerph17113899.
    LINDÈN, A., & OLEJEMARK, S. (2018). Managing Telework:Investigatting Possibilities of Telework for Modern Organizations. TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2018:208.
    Mann S and Holdsworth L . (2003). The psychological impact of teleworking: Stress, emotions and health. New Technology, Work and Employment 18: 196–211.
    Mirchandani K. (2000). The Best of Both Worlds and Cutting My Own Throat: Contradictory images of home-based work. Qualitative Sociology 23: 159–182.
    Middleton, C. A. (2007). Illusions of balance and control in an always-on environment: A case study of BlackBerry users. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 21, 165–178.
    Monge P, Rothman LW, Eisenberg EM, et al. (1985). The dynamics of organizational proximity. Management Science 31: 1129–1142.
    Montreuil, S., & Lippel, K. (2003). Telework and occupational health: A Quebec empirical study and regulatory implications. Safety Science,41, 339–358.
    Mordimi, E., Wright, D., Wadhwa, K., De Hert, P., Mantovani, E., Therstrup, J&Vater, I. (2009). Senior citizens and the ethics of e-inelusion. Ethics and Information Technology, 11(3), 203-220.DOI:
    10.1007/s10676-009-9189-7.
    Maria Charalampous, Christine A. Grant, Carlo Tramontano & Evie Michailidis. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers wellbeing at work: a multidimensional approach. European Journal of Word amd Organizational Psychology,28(1),51-73.
    McClure P. (2018). You’re Fired, says the robot: The rise of automation in the workplace, technophobes, and fears of unemployment. Social Science Computer Review 36: 139–156.
    Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: A national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 17(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8.
    National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. (1999). Stress at Work. Retrieved January 15, 2006,from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html.
    Nardi BA & Whittaker S. (2002). The place of face-to-face communication in distributed work. In: Hinds P and Kiesler S (eds) Distributed Work. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 83–110.
    Nakao M.Work-related stress and psychosomatic medicine. (2010). Biopsychosoc Med.2010 May 26;4(1):4.
    Paluska, S.A.; Schwenk, T.L. Physical activity and mental health. (2000). Sports Med. 2000, 29, 167–180. [CrossRef].
    Pratt J. H. (2000). Asking the right questions about telecommuting:Avoiding 4 pitfalls in surveying homebased work. Transportation, 27(1), 99-116.
    Prasada, K.D.V. ; Vaidyab, R.W. ; Mangipudic, M.R. (2020). Effect of occupational stress and remote working on psychological well-being of employees: An empirical analysis during COVID-19 pandemic concerning information technology industry in hyderabad. Indian J. Commer. Manag. Stud. 2020, 11, 1–13.
    Pu, B., Zhang, L., Tang, Z., & Qiu, Y. (2020). The relationship between health consciousness and home-based exercise in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (16), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165693
    Pyöriä, P. (2011). Managing Telework: Risks, Fears and Rules. Management Research Review,34(4), 386-399.
    Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Interrelstionships among leisure participation Leisure satisfaction and Leisure attitudes. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(2),138-149.
    Ragheb, M. G. & Beard, J. G. (1982). Measuring Leisure Attitude. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(2), pp.155-167.
    Randhir Kumar. (2021). Tackling the Issue of Occupational Stress and Employee Burnout in the Work From Home Context during COVID-19. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Prakriti Dasgupta, onsultant, People in Business (India) LLP, From
    https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/stress-burnout_tcm18-96190.pdf.
    Rocha, K.B. ; Pérez, K. ; Rodríguez-Sanz, M. ; Borrell, C. ; Obiols, J.E. (2010). Prevalencia de Problemas de Salud Mentaly Su Asociación Con Variables Socioeconómicas, de Trabajoy Salud: Resultados de La Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España. Psicothema 2010, 22,389–395.
    Rodriguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., & Collado, S. (2020).
    Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1540.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540.
    Russell,D.W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale(version 3):Reliability,validity,and factor Structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 20-40.
    Salimi, A. (2011). Social-emotional Loneliness and Life Satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,29:292-295.
    Simpson, L., Daws, L., Pini, B., & Wood, L. (2003). Rural Telework: Case Studies from the Australian Outback. New Technology, Work and Employment, 18(2), 115-126.
    Sivan, A. (2020). Reflection on leisure during COVID-19. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 296–299.
    https://doi.org/10. 1080/16078055.2020.1825260.
    Snyder, L. A., Krauss, A. D., Chen, P. Y., Finlinson, S., &Huang, Y.-H. (2008). Occupational safety: Application of the job demand-control-support model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40, 1713-1723.
    Sullivan C. (2003). What’s in a name? Definitions and conceptualizations of teleworking and work at home. New Technology, Work and Employment 18: 158–165.
    Tennant, C. (2001). Work-related stress and depressive disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,51(5), 697-704.
    Teresa Galanti, Gloria Guidetti, Elisabetta Mazzei, Salvatore Zappala`, Ferdinando Toscano. (2020). Work From Home During the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Occup Environ Med. 63(7), 426–432.
    The Trust for Public Land. (2020). A trust for public land special report Parks and the pandemic.取自: https://www.tpl.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Parks-and-Pandemic-TPL-special-report.pdf.
    Urbanos-Garrido, R.M. ; Lopez-Valcarcel, B.G. (2015). The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: An empirical analysis for Spain. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2015, 16, 175–184. [CrossRef].
    Van Leeuwen, M., Klerks, Y., Bargeman, B., Heslinga, J., & Bastiaansen, M. (2020). Leisure will not be locked down – Insights on leisure and COVID-19 from the Netherlands. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 339–343. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/16078055.2020.1825255
    Venter, Z. S., Barton, D. N., Gundersen, V., Figari, H., & Nowell, M. (2020). Urban nature in a time of crisis: Recreational use of green space increases during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oslo, Norway. Environmental Research Letters, 15(10), 10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb396
    Weiss,R.S. (1973). Loneliness:The experience of emotional and social isolation. US:The MIT Press.
    Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, et al. (2012). Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 55:2895–2905.
    World Health Organization. (2020). WHO coronovirus Didease(COVID-19) Dashboard. Available: https:// covid19. who. int [Accessed 2 Jul 2020].
    Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009).Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources,and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 235–244.
    Zobairy, M., Aliabadi, S. & Zobayri, L. (2013). Investigation of The Activity in Female High School Students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 248-251.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2025/12/31
    QR CODE