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研究生: 劉邦民
Pang-Min Liu
論文名稱: 樟腦-吡咯烷衍生之有機催化劑在羰基化合物不對稱α-胺化反應之研究
Catalytic Asymmetric α-Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Camphor-pyrrolidinyl Derived Organocatalysts
指導教授: 陳焜銘
Chen, Kwun-Min
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 180
中文關鍵詞: 胺化反應有機催化
英文關鍵詞: amination, organocatalysis
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:135下載:0
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  • 合成高光學純度胺基酸衍生物,是合成化學中重要的研究課題,藉由偶氮化合物(dialkyl azodicarboxylate)進行醛、酮化合物α-胺化反應是有效合成胺基酸的方法之一。利用本實驗室開發的新型樟腦-吡咯烷催化劑,成功的運用在醛類不對稱α-胺化反應,在低催化量作用下,反應在短時間內完成,得到高產率(up to 97%)與高鏡像超越值(up to >99% ee)的胺化產物。另一方面,將α-胺化反應用於β-氨基-γ-丁酸內酯的合成,經五步合成反應,得到總產率56 %與鏡像超越值88% ee,絕對立體組態為(R)-form之β-氨基-γ-丁酸內酯衍生物;此外,(S)-香茅醛在樟腦-吡咯烷催化劑的作用下,進行一鍋化α-胺化、烯反應,接著,經三步合成反應,可得到單一非鏡相異構物的六圓環產物。另外,利用本實驗室所製備的雙功能樟腦-硫尿素-L-脯胺酸衍生物,催化環己酮進行不對稱α-胺化反應,可得到產率66% yield與鏡像超越值26% ee的胺化產物。然而,所得結果雖不甚理想,但證明了樟腦-硫尿素-L-脯胺酸衍生之催化劑對反應的光學環境控制有一定之作用。

    Asymmetric synthesis of optically pure amino acid derivetives is an important subject in synthetic chemistry. The directly α-amination of aldehydes and ketones with dialkyl azodicarboxylate (DAAD) is one of the most useful methods. Novel organocatalysts, camphor-pyrrolidinyl derivatives designed by our group, have been used successfully in asymmetric α-amination of aldehydes. With low catalyst loading, the amination can be performed in very short time, and give high yields (up to 97%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The synthetic utility of the organocatalyticα-amination has been shown in the synthesis of -amino--butyrolactones( 56% yield in five steps and 88% ee of aminated lactone). On the other hand, camphor-pyrrolidine catalyzedα-amination of (S)-citronellal (93) and the subsequent ene reaction is proceeded smoothly in one pot. After several steps, a highly substituted cyclohexane product was obtained in 33% yield, and the absolute confinguration of aminated product was confirmed as (1R, 2R, 3R, 6S) via 2D-NMR. Besides, the use of bifunctional camphor-thiourea-L-proline derivetives in organocatalytic enantionselective α-aminations gives desired aminated products in 66% yield and 26% ee. Although unsatisfied results were obtained, the stereo-control of new organocatalysts has been proven by the investigation of enantio-rich products.

    樟腦-吡咯烷衍生之有機催化劑 在羰基化合物不對稱α-胺化反應之研究 目 錄 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 α-胺基酸製備方法 7 1-2-1 對掌模版間接合成α-胺基酸 8 1-2-2 催化合成α-胺基酸 9 1-3 研究動機 32 第二章 結果與討論(一) 33 2-1 樟腦- L-脯胺酸衍生催化劑之設計 33 2-2 有機催化不對稱α-胺化反應之探討(一) 35 2-2-1 溶劑效應 35 2-2-2 添加劑效應 37 2-2-3 催化劑與反應試劑之濃度效應 38 2-2-4 溫度效應 39 2-2-5 取代基效應 41 2-2-6 反應機構探討 42 2-3 有機催化不對稱α-胺化反應之探討(二) 42 2-3-1 催化劑篩選 43 2-3-2 反應條件最佳化之探索 43 2-3-3 取代基效應 45 2-3-4 α,α-雙取代醛類不對稱α-胺化反應之探討 47 2-3-5 反應構探討 50 2-4 有機催化不對稱α-胺化反應在有機合成上之應用 52 2-4-1 合成β-氨基丁酸內酯 52 2-4-2 香茅醛的不對稱α-胺化反應 54 2-5 結論 60 第三章 結果與討論(二) 61 3-1 樟腦-硫尿素-L-脯胺酸衍生催化劑之設計 61 3-2 有機催化不對稱α-胺化反應之探討 63 3-2-1 溶劑效應 64 3-2-2 添加劑效應 65 3-3 有機催化不對稱Michael加成反應 69 3-4 結論 71 第四章 實驗部分 72 4-1 分析儀器及基本實驗操作 72 4-2 實驗步驟與光譜數據 74 參考文獻 94 附錄一 1H-NMR、13C-NMR光譜圖 99 附錄二 變溫1H-NMR、2D-NMR、實驗追蹤1H-NMR 135 附錄三 X-ray 單晶繞射結構解析與數據 147 附錄四 論文發表 167

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