研究生: |
劉邦民 Pang-Min Liu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
樟腦-吡咯烷衍生之有機催化劑在羰基化合物不對稱α-胺化反應之研究 Catalytic Asymmetric α-Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Camphor-pyrrolidinyl Derived Organocatalysts |
指導教授: |
陳焜銘
Chen, Kwun-Min |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2010 |
畢業學年度: | 98 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 180 |
中文關鍵詞: | 胺化反應 、有機催化 |
英文關鍵詞: | amination, organocatalysis |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:135 下載:0 |
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合成高光學純度胺基酸衍生物,是合成化學中重要的研究課題,藉由偶氮化合物(dialkyl azodicarboxylate)進行醛、酮化合物α-胺化反應是有效合成胺基酸的方法之一。利用本實驗室開發的新型樟腦-吡咯烷催化劑,成功的運用在醛類不對稱α-胺化反應,在低催化量作用下,反應在短時間內完成,得到高產率(up to 97%)與高鏡像超越值(up to >99% ee)的胺化產物。另一方面,將α-胺化反應用於β-氨基-γ-丁酸內酯的合成,經五步合成反應,得到總產率56 %與鏡像超越值88% ee,絕對立體組態為(R)-form之β-氨基-γ-丁酸內酯衍生物;此外,(S)-香茅醛在樟腦-吡咯烷催化劑的作用下,進行一鍋化α-胺化、烯反應,接著,經三步合成反應,可得到單一非鏡相異構物的六圓環產物。另外,利用本實驗室所製備的雙功能樟腦-硫尿素-L-脯胺酸衍生物,催化環己酮進行不對稱α-胺化反應,可得到產率66% yield與鏡像超越值26% ee的胺化產物。然而,所得結果雖不甚理想,但證明了樟腦-硫尿素-L-脯胺酸衍生之催化劑對反應的光學環境控制有一定之作用。
Asymmetric synthesis of optically pure amino acid derivetives is an important subject in synthetic chemistry. The directly α-amination of aldehydes and ketones with dialkyl azodicarboxylate (DAAD) is one of the most useful methods. Novel organocatalysts, camphor-pyrrolidinyl derivatives designed by our group, have been used successfully in asymmetric α-amination of aldehydes. With low catalyst loading, the amination can be performed in very short time, and give high yields (up to 97%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The synthetic utility of the organocatalyticα-amination has been shown in the synthesis of -amino--butyrolactones( 56% yield in five steps and 88% ee of aminated lactone). On the other hand, camphor-pyrrolidine catalyzedα-amination of (S)-citronellal (93) and the subsequent ene reaction is proceeded smoothly in one pot. After several steps, a highly substituted cyclohexane product was obtained in 33% yield, and the absolute confinguration of aminated product was confirmed as (1R, 2R, 3R, 6S) via 2D-NMR. Besides, the use of bifunctional camphor-thiourea-L-proline derivetives in organocatalytic enantionselective α-aminations gives desired aminated products in 66% yield and 26% ee. Although unsatisfied results were obtained, the stereo-control of new organocatalysts has been proven by the investigation of enantio-rich products.
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