簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: Dziadek, Krzysztof
Dziadek, Krzysztof
論文名稱: Managing Workplace Conflicts: A Study of International Workers' Acculturation for Behaviors and Strategies in Taiwan
Managing Workplace Conflicts: A Study of International Workers' Acculturation for Behaviors and Strategies in Taiwan
指導教授: 張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen
口試委員: 張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen
李栢浡
Lee, Pai-Po
袁宇熙
Yuan, Yu-Hsi
口試日期: 2024/07/03
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 99
英文關鍵詞: intercultural conflict, management, international workers, acculturation
研究方法: 深度訪談法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202401760
論文種類: 代替論文:專業實務報告(專業實務類)
相關次數: 點閱:99下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • The number of international workers in Taiwan is increasing yearly, and a significant share of them are choosing to relocate for work and economic purposes. The diversity of cultures in the workplace is becoming a common occurrence and it creates the need to interact with people with different customs and behaviors, at the same time expanding opportunities for business development. Over the past few decades, Taiwan has become an advanced economy and thus offers many employment opportunities, with more and more organizations choosing to attract international talent. However, it is important to understand how the acculturation process occurs among foreigners and how they deal with problems that arise in the workplace, including intercultural conflicts. Such aspects can negatively affect job satisfaction or performance and should not be ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the behaviors and strategies that foreigners employ, using Taiwan as an example, and enhance acculturation methods. It was conducted based on three primary research questions, including (1) international workers’ conflict management styles, (2) adaptation processes to the different cultural contexts regarding intercultural conflict management, and (3) cultural, organizational, or personal factors influencing adaptation. This study used a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the feelings and thoughts of the respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 international workers in Taiwan. The requirements for participation were at least six months of working experience in Taiwan since 2015 to keep the data current and ensure that findings and solutions are valid and any work experience is in one’s country of origin. To support the credibility of the study, the author conducted an in-depth literature review, peer assessment, expert review, and pilot tests. Findings show that the priority of international workers in Taiwan is to avoid conflict in the workplace altogether in the first place. If conflict is unavoidable, indirect communication and the help of third parties with authority based on their position in the organizational hierarchy are the main methods used to resolve it.

    ABSTRACT I TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF FIGURES VII CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 3 Research Purpose 5 Research Questions 5 Significance of the Study 6 Research Scope 6 Definition of Terms 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory 9 Berry’s Theory of Acculturation 14 High-context and Low-context Cultures Theory 17 Cultural Intelligence 19 Organizational Culture Model 23 Summary 23 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 25 Research Approach 25 Research Conceptual Framework 26 Research Procedure 27 Sampling Strategies and Criteria 32 Data Collection 35 Data Analysis 36 Research Quality 37 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS & DISCUSSION 41 International Workers’ Conflict Management Styles, Behaviors and Strategies 41 Cultural Context Adaptation Regarding Intercultural Conflict Management 52 Cultural, Organizational, and Personal Factors Influencing Adaptation for Intercultural Conflict Management 62 Discussion 74 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS 77 Conclusions 77 Implications 78 Limitations 81 Suggestions for Future Study 83 REFERENCES 85 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & SCENARIO FOR PRELIMINARY STUDY 92 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & 2 SCENARIOS 94 APPENDIX C: CONSENT FORM 98 APPENDIX D: PERSONAL INFORMATION FORM 99

    Adler, N., & Aycan, Z. (2018). Cross-cultural interaction: What we know and what we need to know. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 307-333. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104528
    Alteren, G., & Tudoran, A. A. (2018). Open-mindedness and adaptive business style: Competences that contribute to building relationships in dissimilar export markets. International Marketing Review, 36(3), 365-390. doi:IMR-08-2017-0142
    Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2015). Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications. Routledge.
    Ariu, A. (2022). Foreign workers, product quality, and trade: Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of International Economics, 139. 103686. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103686
    Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
    Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Worth Publishers.
    Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5-34. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
    Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697-712. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
    Berry, J. W., & Sabatier, C. (2011). Variations in the assessment of acculturation attitudes: Their relationships with psychological wellbeing. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(5), 658-669. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.02.002
    Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303-332. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
    Borkowski, N. (2005). Organizational behavior in health care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
    Busch, D., Mayer, C.-H., & Boness, C. (2012). International and regional perspectives on cross-cultural mediation (Vol. 5). Peter Lang.
    Caligiuri, P., & Bonache, J. (2016). Evolving and enduring challenges in global mobility. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 127-141. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.001
    Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., . . . Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. doi:10.1177/1744987120927206
    Chen, G.-M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 1-15.
    Clark, J., Lawson, R., Nowrasteh, A., Powell, B., & Murphy, R. (2015). Does immigration impact institutions? Public Choice, 163(3), 321-335. doi:10.1007/s11127-015-0254-y
    Collings, D. G., & Sheeran, R. (2021). Research insights: Global mobility in a post-covid world. Sciendo, 39(2), 77-84. doi:10.2478/ijm-2020-0002
    Chinese Culture Connection (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18(2), 143-164. doi:10.1177/0022002187018002002
    Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
    Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
    Cypress, B. S. (2017). Rigor or reliability and validity in qualitative research: Perspectives, strategies, reconceptualization, and recommendations. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 36(4), 253. doi:10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253
    Del Pilar, J. A., & Udasco, J. O. (2004). Marginality theory: The lack of construct validity. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(1), 3-15. doi:10.1177/0739986303261813
    Diener, A. C. (2009). Theorizing borders in a ’borderless world’: Globalization, territory and identity. Geography Compass, 3(3), 1196-1216. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00230.x
    Ding, D. D. (2006). An indirect style in business communication. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 20(1), 87-100. doi:10.1177/1050651905281051
    do Carmo Silva, M., & Gomes, C. (2015). Practices in project management according to Charles Handy’s organizational culture typologies. Procedia Computer Science, 55, 678-687. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.074
    Earley, P. C. (2002). Redefining interactions across cultures and organizations: Moving forward with cultural intelligence. Research in Organizational Behavior, 24(2), 271-299. doi:10.1016/S0191-3085(02)24008-3
    Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across culture. Stanford Business Books.
    Earley, P. C., & Erez, M. (1997). New perspectives on international industrial/organizational psychology. The New Lexington Press/Jossey-Bass Publishers.
    Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 139-146.
    Flavell, J. H. (1987). Speculations about the Nature and Development of Metacognition. In F. E. Weinert, & R. Kluwe, Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding (pp. 21-29). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Fleeson, W. (2007). Situation-based contingencies underlying trait-content manifestation in behavior. Journal of Personality, 75(4), 825-862. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00458.x
    Gelb, B. D., & Hyman, M. (1987). Reducing reluctance to transfer. Business Horizons, 30(2), 39-43. doi:10.1016/0007-6813(87)90007-3
    Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597-607. Retrieved November 29, 2023, from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf
    Government Portal of the Republic of China (2023). People, fact focus. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan).
    Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Lincoln, Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Sage Publications.
    Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Doubleday.
    Hall, E. T. (1992). An anthropology of everyday life. Doubleday.
    Hall, E. T., & Hall, M. R. (2003). Key concepts: Underlying structures of culture. In D. C. Thomas, Readings and cases in international management: A cross-cultural perspective. Sage Publications.
    Handy, C. (1985). Understanding organizations. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
    Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
    Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 8. doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1014
    Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
    Ikeda, K., & Takemoto, K. (2016). Examining power in hierarchical social networks in East Asia. In G. Steel, Power in Contemporary Japan (pp. 143-166). Palgrave Macmillan.
    International Organization for Migration (2012). Retrieved from https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/migrated_files/What-We-Do/docs/LHD-Annual-Review-2012.pdf
    Janssen, D., & Carradini, S. (2021). Generation Z workplace communication habits and expectations. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 64(2), 137-153. doi:10.1109/TPC.2021.3069288
    Jordaan, J. A. (2018). Foreign workers and productivity in an emerging economy: The case of Malaysia. Review of Development Economics, 22(1), 148-173. doi:10.1111/rode.12334
    Kane-Urrabazo, C. (2006). Management’s role in shaping organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(3), 188-194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00590.x
    Kim, O.-s., & Kim, K.-o. (1993). What is behind “face-saving” in cross-cultural communication? International Communication Studies, 3(1), 39-47.
    Kuo, S. W. (2021). The Taiwan economy in transition. Routledge.
    Leavy, P. (2020). The Oxford handbook of qualitative research. Oxford University Press.
    Lin, Y.-Y., & Huang, C.-S. (2015). Aging in Taiwan: Building a society for active aging and aging in place. The Gerontologist, 56(2), 176-183. doi:10.1093/geront/gnv107
    Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
    Mayer, C.-H., & Louw, L. (2012). Managing cross-cultural conflict in organizations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 12(1), 3-8. doi:10.1177/1470595811413104
    McGrath, C., Palmgren, P. J., & Liljedahl, M. (2019). Twelve tips for conducting qualitative research interviews. Medical Teacher, 41(9), 1002-1006. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497149
    Meca, A., Cobb, C., Xie, D., Schwartz, S., Allen, C., & Hunter, R. (2017). Exploring adaptive acculturation approaches among undocumented Latinos: A test of Berry’s model. Counseling Psychologist, 45(8), 1115-1140. doi:10.1177/0011000017745978
    Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
    Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey Bass.
    Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00387
    Minkov, M. (2007). What makes us different and similar: A new interpretation of the world values survey and other cross-cultural data. Sofia: Klasika i Stil Publishing House.
    Murphy, F. J., & Yielder, J. (2010). Establishing rigour in qualitative radiography research. Radiography, 16(1), 62-67. doi:10.1016/j.radi.2009.07.003
    Nair, D. (2019). Saving face in diplomacy: A political sociology of face-to-face interactions in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. European Journal of International Relations, 25(3), 672-697. doi:10.1177/1354066118822117
    National Immigration Agency (2023). Foreign Residents by Nationality. Ministry of the Interior, Republic of China. Retrieved from https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141380/360272/cp_news
    Oldekop, J. A., Horner, R., Hulme, D., Adhikari, R., Agarwal, B., Alford, M., . . . Zhang, Y.-F. (2020). COVID-19 and the case for global development. World Development, 134, 105044 . doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105044
    Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533-544. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
    Pinto, L. H., Cabral-Cardoso, C., & Werther Jr., W. B. (2012). Compelled to go abroad? Motives and outcomes of international assignments. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(11), 2295-2314. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.610951
    Polit, D. F., & Hungler, P. B. (1999). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
    Presbitero, A. (2016). Culture shock and reverse culture shock: The moderating role of cultural intelligence in international students’ adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 28-38. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.05.004
    Ratcliffe, J. W. (1983). Notions of validity in qualitative research methodology. Knowledge, 5(2), 147-167. doi:10.1177/107554708300500201
    Richardson, R., & Smith, S. W. (2007). The influence of high/low-context culture and power distance on choice of communication media: Students’ media choice to communicate with professors in Japan and America. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31(4), 479-501. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.01.002
    Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), 25-41. doi:10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
    Rose, J., & Johnson, C. W. (2020). Contextualizing reliability and validity in qualitative research: Toward more rigorous and trustworthy qualitative social science in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(4), 432-451. doi:10.1080/00222216.2020.1722042
    Ryle, G. (1949). Descartes’ myth: The concept of mind.
    Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 472-481. doi:10.1177/1745691610373075
    Sandel, T. L., & Liang, C.-H. (2010). Taiwan’s fifth ethnic group: A study of the acculturation and cultural fusion of women who have married into families in Taiwan. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 3(3), 249-275. doi:10.1080/17513057.2010.487218
    Saridi, M., Panagiotidou, A., Toska, A., Panagiotidou, M., & Sarafis, P. (2019). Workplace interpersonal conflicts among healthcare professionals: A survey on conflict solution approach at a General Hospital. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 468-477. doi:10.1080/20479700.2019.1661114
    Schwartz, S. J., & Zamboanga, B. L. (2008). Testing Berry’s model of acculturation: A confirmatory latent class approach. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 275-285. doi:10.1037/a0012818
    Shih, S.-F., & Brown, C. (2000). Taiwanese international students: Acculturation level and vocational identity. Journal of Career Development, 27(1), 35-47. doi:10.1023/A:1007796509562
    Smidts, A., Pruyn, A., & van Riel, C. (2001). The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 49(5), 1051-1062. doi:10.2307/3069448
    Stenberg, R. J., Siriner, I., Oh, J., & Wong, C. (2022). Cultural intelligence: What is it and how can it effectively be measured? Journal of Intelligence, 10(3), 54. doi:10.3390/jintelligence10030054
    Swagler, M. A., & Jome, L. M. (2005). The effects of personality and acculturation on the adjustment of North American sojourners in Taiwan. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 527-536. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.527
    Tannen, D. (1994, August 28). How to give orders like a man. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/28/magazine/how-to-give-orders-like-a-man.html
    Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. (2006). Motivational cultural intelligence, realistic job preview, realistic living conditions preview, and cross-cultural adjustment. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 154-173. doi:10.1177/1059601105275293
    Terrell, S. R. (2016). Writing a proposal for your dissertation: Guidelines and examples. The Guilford Press.
    Testa, M. R., & Mueller, S. L. (2009). Demographic and cultural predictors of international service worker job satisfaction. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 19(2), 195-210. doi:10.1108/09604520910943189
    Ting-Toomey, S., & Kurogi, A. (1998). Facework competence in intercultural conflict: An updated face-negotiation theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22(2), 187-225. doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(98)00004-2
    Ting-Toomey, S., & Oetzel, J. G. (2001). Managing intercultural conflict effectively. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781452229485
    Transilvanus, V. E., Darsono, J. T., & Sumarsono, T. G. (2019). The impact of workplace environment, motivation and workplace discipline on employees’ performance of local water supply utility at Sikka Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 5(4), 141-148. doi:10.31695/IJASRE.2019.33155
    van der Zee, K., & van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2022). Towards a dynamic approach to acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 88, 119-124. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.04.004
    Wang, C.-C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2006). Acculturation, attachment, and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese/Taiwanese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 422-433. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.422
    Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. Bedminster Press.
    Wilmot, W. W., & Hocker, J. L. (2007). Interpersonal conflict. McGraw-Hill.
    Wilson, J. R., & Sharples, S. (2015). Evaluation of human work. CRC Press.

    無法下載圖示 本全文未授權公開
    QR CODE