美國第四十五任總統川普是一位備受關注的政治人物，其言行與美國傳統政治人物具有極大的差異性，尤其是川普倡導的「美國優先」原則，以美國利益至上為對外政策考量。本論文以現實主義作為研究川普「美國優先」原則的途徑，分別從川普的對外經貿政策與同盟軍費分攤談判探討川普如何展現零和觀點以及國家中心主義。川普執政時期啟動美國貿易保護關稅，引起一系列與其他國家的貿易磋商與談判事件，本論文聚焦於川普時期的美韓、美歐、美墨加、美日以及美中的貿易關係，檢視川普如何於若干對外貿易關係中展現美國優先原則、依循美國優先原則與其他國家斡旋，最後取得其合意的貿易結果。
除了貿易關係之外，本論文亦探討美國優先原則如何影響川普與同盟國家之間的同盟關係，川普建立同盟關係以利益作為出發點，特別是軍費分攤的相關議題。川普要求南韓、日本與NATO國家提高分攤軍費比例以及國防預算，皆是出於維護美國優先的政治行動，不過，也因為川普過度的主張美國優先導致美國與盟國的關係惡化。川普擔任美國總統期間，美國優先原則成為一大標誌，雖然川普並未成功連任總統，但是其表示不會放棄競選總統，因此，美國未來的對外貿易政策與同盟部署將隨著川普的政治動向產生變動。

The 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, is a politician who has received much attention. His words and deeds are very different from those of traditional American politicians. In particular, the "America First" principle advocated by Trump, which puts American interests first as the foreign policy considerations. This research study uses realism to study Trump's "America First" principle, and discusses how Trump demonstrates his foreign trade policies and foreign alliance defense burden-sharing negotiations from the perspective of zero-sum view and state-centrism. Trump initiated the U.S. trade protection tariffs and triggered a series of trade negotiations with other countries. This research study focuses on the trade relations between the United States, South Korea, Europe, Mexico, Canada, Japan, and China. This study also examines how Trump demonstrated "America First" principle in certain foreign trade relations, mediated with other countries based on the thinking of U.S. priority, and finally achieved trade results that he agreed with.
In addition to trade relations, this research study also explores how "America First" principle affects America’s relations with foreign allies. Trump’s foreign alliance establishment is based on benefit acqusition, especially the issue of military spending. Trump's request for South Korea, Japan, and NATO countries to increase the proportion of military expenditures and defense budgets is all out of safeguarding "America First" principle. However, Trump's excessive advocacy of "America First" has also led to the deterioration of relations between the United States and its allies. During Trump’s presidency, the "America First" principle became a major symbol of his. Although Trump did not succeed in being re-elected as president, he said that he would not give up running for president. Therefore, the future US foreign trade policy and alliance deployment will change with Trump’s political action.

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貳、英文部分
一、專書
Braune, J., 2020. Spectres of Fascism. America: Pluto Press.
Bolton, J., 2018. The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir. America: Simon and Schuster.
Daddow, O., 2013. International Relations Theory. The UK: SAGE Publications.
Grygiel, J., Mitchell, A., 2016. The Unquiet Frontier. America: Princeton University Press.
Howe, N., Strauss, W., 1997. The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy - What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America's Next Rendezvous with Destiny. America: Three Rivers Press.
Mansbach, R., Taylor, K., 2012. Introduction to Global Politics. America: Routledge.
Mearsheimer, J., 2001. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Mead, W., 2002. Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World. America: Routledge.
Woodward, B., 2018. Fear: Trump in the White House. America: Simon and Schuster.
二、期刊論文
Burfisher M., Robinson S., Thierfelder K., 2001. “The Impact of NAFTA on the United States.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 125-144.
Edwards J., 2018/03. “Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World,” Communication Quarterly, Vol.2, pp.176-195.
Güzelipek, Y., 2018/10. “The roots of Trump’s foreign policy: offensive realism or eye washing twilight?” Ante Portas – Security Studies, No.1, pp.29-38.
Johnson D., Thayer B., 2016. “The evolution of offensive realism,” Politics and the Life Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-26.
Kozłowski G., 2019/12. “the position of Burden Sharing in current uS Security policy Vis-à-vis European allies," Balltic Journal of European Studies, Vol. 9, No.4 (29), pp. 108-126.
Mearsheimer J., 1994/95. “The False Promise of International Institutions,” International Security, Vol 19, No.3, pp. 5-49.
Mayer W., 2015. “Why Trump – and How Far Can He Go?" The Forum, Vol. 13, Iss. 4, pp. 541-558.
Popescu I., 2019. “American Grand Strategy and the Rise of Offensive Realism,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 375-405.
Rosato S., Schuessler J., 2011/12.“A Realist Foreign Policy for the United States,” Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 803-819.
Sun X., 2020.“Looking Before Leaping: Can We Afford an Unlimited Trade War Between the World’s Two Largest Economies,” Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Vol. 12, Iss. 1, pp. 25-41.
Schweller R., 2018/9-10.“Three Cheers for Trump’s Foreign Policy," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 97, No.5, pp. 133-143.
三、研究報告
Brands H., 2015/09.“The Limits of Offshore Balancing," Strategic Studies Institute, pp. 1-80.
Blackwill R., 2019/04. "Trump's foreign policies are better than they seem,” Council on Foreign Relations, April, 2019, pp. 2-103.
Bown C., 2021/02.“The US-China Trade War and Phase One Agreement,” Peterson Institute for International Economics, <https://reurl.cc/e9YplL>.
Kim J., 1993/03.“The Future of United States Forces in Korea," DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER, pp. 1-82.
Lee S., Lee C., 2017/05.“U.S. Trade Policy in the Trump Era and Its Impact on Asia,”S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, pp.9-11.
Mary E. Burfisher, Frederic Lambert, and Troy Matheson,“NAFTA to USMCA: What is Gained?” IMF Working Paper, 2019, p. 4.
四、官方文件
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan,“Japan-U.S. Security Treaty”, <https://reurl.cc/AgxOqZ>.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2016/01.“Signing of the New Special Measures Agreement (SMA),” <https://reurl.cc/7yOKYb>.
NATO PARLIMENTARY ASSEMBLY, 2018/11.“BURDEN SHARING: NEW COMMITMENTS IN A NEW ERA,”<https://reurl.cc/NrXYgq>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative,“U.S. - Korea Free Trade Agreement,”<https://reurl.cc/3Nn2q0>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative,“Final Text (as of January 1, 2019),”<https://reurl.cc/nnGrYd>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2013/03.“Obama Administration Notifies Congress of Intent to Negotiate Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership,”<https://reurl.cc/GdWrQ3>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2017/05.“USTR: Trump Administration Announces Intent to Renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement,”<https://reurl.cc/dVj33z>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative,“U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement Negotiations,”< https://reurl.cc/3NvbZR>.
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The White House, 2017/12. National Security Strategy, <https://reurl.cc/b5mRby>.
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2018/03.“New U.S. Trade Policy and National Security Outcomes with the Republic of Korea,” <https://reurl.cc/oLKgNj>.
The White House, 2015/02. National Security Strategy, <https://reurl.cc/E7mlqK>.
The White House, 2017/12.“President Donald J. Trump Announces a National Security Strategy to Advance America's Interests,”<https://reurl.cc/rxk1A4>.
The White House, 2017/09.“Remarks by President Trump to the 72nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly United Nations,”<https://reurl.cc/e9kE2K>.
The White House, 2017/12.“President Donald J. Trump Announces a National Security Strategy to Advance America's Interests,”<https://reurl.cc/rxk1A4>.
The White House, 2021/01.“Proclamation on the Termination of Emergency With Respect To The Southern Border Of The United States And Redirection Of Funds Diverted To Border Wall Construction,”<https://reurl.cc/GdDvRv>.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2021/01.“Border Wall System,” <https://reurl.cc/e9aopQ>.
United States Census Bureau,“Trade in Goods with Korea, South,” <https://reurl.cc/kZbA6b>.
United States Census Bureau,“Trade in Goods with European Union,” <https://reurl.cc/dGbZkV>.
United States Census Bureau,“Trade in Goods with Canada,” <https://reurl.cc/eEbNDQ>.
United States Census Bureau,“Trade in Goods with Mexico,” <https://reurl.cc/mLbmD1>.
United States Census Bureau,“Trade in Goods with Japan,” <https://reurl.cc/KAnO0j>.
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United States General Accounting Office, 1989. U.S.-JAPAN BURDEN SHARING Japan Has Increased Its Contributions but Could Do More.
United States Department of Defense, 2004. 2004 STATISTICAL COMPENDIUM on ALLIED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMMON DEFENSE.
五、網際網路
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Council on Foreign Relations, 2021.“Trump's Foreign Policy Moments,” <https://reurl.cc/Q7RGmZ>.
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Economic Policy Institute, 2017/03/31.“President Trump signs Executive Orders on U.S. trade policies,”<https://reurl.cc/R0NO2D>.
Ford L. W., 2020/05.“The Trump administration and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific,” Brookings Institution, <https://reurl.cc/En8jV0>.
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Holland S., 2017/09/03.“Trump hints at withdrawal from U.S.-South Korea free trade deal,” Reuters, <https://reurl.cc/KxgGam>.
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Kim E., 2018/07/03.“U.S. tariff extension on S. Korean trucks to help ward off imports: ITC,” YONHAP NEWS AGENCY, <https://reurl.cc/yn9k88>.
KBS World News, 2018/09/10.“Revisions to the KORUS FTA Revealed,” <https://reurl.cc/Gd2Kjy>.
Korade M., Behsudi A., Nelson L., 2017/01/03.“Trump picks Lighthizer to serve as U.S. trade representative,” POLITICO, <https://reurl.cc/DvV3R5>.
Korea Joong Ang Daily, 2016/03/27.“Dangerous remarks from Trump,”
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Reuters, 2016/11/09.“Trump victory could spell defeat for EU-U.S. trade deal,” <https://reurl.cc/9Z26Zx>.
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