本文主要以甲醛、酚、亞硫酸氫鈉為反應物，氫氧化鈉為催化劑，經
由加成、磺酸化、縮合、重組四個反應步驟以獲得水溶性酚醛(SP)樹脂。
利用HPLC儀探討反應的pH值、溫度、時間對樹脂在合成過程中各生成物濃
度的影響，並且討論醛/酚(F/P)在不同的起始比例下的效應。使用GPC儀
測量SP樹脂的分子量大小及分布，以了解SP樹脂與水泥的吸附作用，最後
將SP樹脂配成水溶液加入水泥漿體及混凝土試體中量測其流動性及固化抗
壓強度。

實驗結果發現，合成水溶性SP樹脂，在F/P=3/1時的適當反應條件遠比在
F/P=2/1時狹窄。在F/P=3/1時，反應條件為(T1=65~80℃，pH1=10~12.5，
t1=10~20min；T2=75~83℃，pH2=11~12，t2=60~90min；T3=50℃，pH3=4
~5，t3=90min；T4=85~95℃，pH4=7~9，t4=60min)。而在F/P=2/1時，反
應條件為(T1=50~100℃，pH1=10~12，t1=20~80min；T2=70~100℃，
pH2=10~11.4，t2=30~120min；T3=50℃，pH3=4~6，t3=90min；T4=80~90
℃，pH4=7~9，t4=60min)[1]，產生較多的三取代酚醛單體及縮合物。SP
樹脂在酸性環境中較穩定，SP樹脂分子量在4000～40000之間或重量平均
分子量為13500於水泥粒子表面之吸附效果較佳，當添加於水泥漿體及混
凝土中也得到較好的流動性。

In this study , water-soluble sulfonated phenolic (SP)
resins were made from formaldehyde , phenol and sodium bisulfits
as reactants , and sodium hydroxide as catalyst , through four
reaction steps , namely addition , sulfonation , condensation
and rearrangment.The influence of reaction conditions (i.e.,
temperature , pH value , time) on the concentrations of
intermedia products were examined through HPLC analyses.The
effect of the formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) ratio was also
investigated. The molecularweight and distribution of
synthesized SP resins were determined through GPC measurements.
The adsorption behaviors of these SP molecules on the surfaces
of cement particles, as well as the fluidity of SP added cement
pastes and concrete, were also studied. The
experimental results indicate that the proper reaction
conditions to prepare water-soluble resins are more restricted
for F/P=3/1 are (T1=65~80℃, pH1=10~12.5 , t1=10~20min；T2=75~83
℃ , pH2=11~12 , t2=60~90min；T3=50℃, pH3=4~5 , t3=90min；T4=85
~95℃ , pH4=7~9 , t4=60min)；the reaction conditions for F/P=2/1
are [1] (T=50~100℃, pH1=10~12 , t1=20~80min；T2=70~100℃,
pH2=10~11.4, t2=30~120min；T3=50℃ , pH3=4~6 ,t3=90min；T4=80~90
℃ , pH4=7~9 , t4~60min). This is mainly because that more
trimthylolphenol(TMP) and condensates are formed in both
addition and sulfonation reactions , for F/P=3/1. SP resins were
found to be more stable in the acidic environment. The resins
with molecular weight ranging from 4000 to 40000 or their
weight-average molecular weight about 13500, are more effective
in adsorption on cement particles , and thus enhance the
fluidity of cement pastes and concretes.
In this study , water-soluble sulfonated phenolic (SP)