本研究探索的主題是「生命主題」的發展歷程，並理解個體的生命主題是如何影響其生涯決定歷程；以及社會文化脈絡是如何影響生命主題與生涯決定的發展歷程？最後採用建構實在論的「語言性外推」與「實踐性外推」策略，將本研究結果與西方生涯理論進行對話，以進行研究結果與理論間知識的整合。
本研究的研究對象是研究者自身與一位諮商專業領域女性。研究方法論則採建構實在論為知識論框架，以敘說知識與整體脈絡觀為視框，以傳記/詮釋取向為研究方法，以敘說研究之「整體---內容」為文本的分析方法。經由資料分析與理解後，呈現以下的研究結果︰
一、 生命主題的發展以及對生涯決定的影響
（一）生命主題發展歷程的理解
個體在發展過程中，為克服童年生存壓力問題所進行的目標設定與問題解決的過程。
（二）生命主題的發展步驟以及對生涯決定的影響
1.生命主題的發展步驟︰藉由對兩本文本的分析，研究者將生命主題的發展區分為以下四個步驟︰(1)童年生存壓力的問題起源；(2)童年生存的壓力問題；(3)目標訂定；(4)問題解決。
2.生命主題的理解形成的分析步驟︰研究者理解生命主題的發展步驟與理解形成步驟是有差異的，茲說明之︰(1)問題解決的行為模式；(2)目標訂定的內容；(3) 童年生存的壓力問題；(4)童年生存壓力的問題起源。
3.步驟間的主要影響與次要影響︰研究者認為各個步驟的發展過程中，步驟間的影響可區分為主要與次要影響。
二、社會文化脈絡對生命主題與生涯決定歷程的影響
分析出「重要他人所處的社會文化脈絡」、「升學體制」、「中國人的集體主義」三類會影響兩位研究參與在生命主題與生涯決定歷程的影響。
三、 採用「語言性外推」與「實踐性外推」策略與西方生涯理論進行對話
採用「語言性外推」策略將本研究與Adler的個體心理學進行對話，結果發現本研究所指稱的「童年生存壓力問題」的定是類似於Alder的「早期記憶」，故可進行轉換。至於與Watkins 所提出的Adlerian職業理論進行對話，由結果中可理解在生涯決定過程中，本研究所指稱的「生命主題發展過程」可外推至Adlerian職業理論的「生活形態」。
採用「實踐性外推」策略與Roe的人格發展和生涯決決定理論進行對話。由於實踐性外推著重理論間所處脈絡的理解，因此，研究者由台灣社會的家庭文化脈絡與兩位研究參與者所處的家庭脈絡理解父權社會下「男尊女卑」的管教態度與美國社會的家庭脈絡的「男女平等」是不同的。將此結果外推至Roe的理論，發現無法進行外推，研究者並反思兩者之間的差異。
最後，根據研究結果做綜合性的討論，提出具體建議與限制，作為後續研究的參考。

The purposes of this study were to explore the developing process of individuals’ "life themes", to understand the influences of life themes on career decision making process, and to realize how sociocultural contexts act upon life themes and career decision-making process. In order to integrate research results and Western vocational theories, researcher adopted "linguistic strangification" and "pragmatic strangification" as research strategies to comprehend research texts and generate dialogues between research results and different vocational theories.
Subjects of this study were two professional female counselors. Research texts include an autobiography of the researcher and literal records from narrative-interviews done by the researcher and another subject. This research adopted constructive realism as the frame of epistemology, narrative knowledge and holistic contextualism as the frame of text comprehension, biographical-hermeneutic approach as the research method, and employed holistic-content interpret of narrative research to interpret texts.
Research results obtained through text interpret and comprehension include:
I. The developing process of life themes and the influences of life themes on career decision-making
1. Understanding the developing process of life themes:
During individuals’ developing processes, people make efforts in goal setting and problem solving to overcome childhood existential stresses.
2. The developing steps of "life themes" and the influences of "life themes" on career decision-making:
Through text interpret, researcher divided the development of "life themes" into four subsequent steps: 1) origins of childhood existential stresses; 2) problems of childhood existential stresses; 3) goal setting; and 4) problem solving. However, the interpretative steps employed to comprehend “life themes” were different from the developing steps in both contents and order. The interpretative steps of “life themes” include: 1) behavior patterns of problem solving; 2) contents of goal setting; 3) problems of childhood existential stresses; and 4) origins of childhood existential stresses.
3. Major and minor influences on different steps:
Researcher suggested that there are major and minor influences which affecting the development of different steps of “life themes”.
II. The influences of sociocultural contexts on individuals’ "life themes" and career decision-making process
According to text interpret, “significant others in social culture contexts”, “education systems in Taiwan”, and “Chinese collectivism” are three factors that influence research subjects on their “life themes” and career decision-making processes.
III. Adopting "linguistic strangification" and "pragmatic strangification" as research strategies to generate dialogues between research results and western vocational theories
By adopting “linguistic strangification” strategy, dialogues are generated between research results and Adler’s individual psychology. It is found that the meaning of “problems of childhood existential stresses” in this research is similar to the concept of “early recollections” in Adler’s theory. Hence, researcher suggested that these two terms could be converted to one another.
Besides, the meaning of “the developing process of life themes” in this research is similar to “life styles” in Watkins’ Alderian vocational theory. It is believed that these two terms could be converted to each other in a like manner.
According to “pragmatic strangification” strategy, all theories must be understood in their contexts. In the attempt of generating dialogues between research results and Roe’s characteristic development and career decision making theory, researcher found that “parent-child relationships“ in Taiwanese family contexts and American family contexts are different. Traditional Taiwanese patriarchic culture believes that “men are superior than women”, whereas American culture believes “humans are equal”. Consequently, it would be inappropriate to strangify research results to Roe’s theory.
Moreover, discussions, reflections, suggestions, and limitations of research results were given to provide useful information and direction for further research.

中文部份
王幼玲（民79） 田園興衰的滄桑史。載於余德慧主編：中國人的幸福觀---命運與幸福。台北市：張老師文化事業股份有限公司。
王榮麟、王超群合譯 沈清松審定（民86） 建構實在論。台北：五南圖書出版有限公司。
朱嘉琦（民86）台灣婦女女性意識發展歷程之研究---以三位女性主義者的生命故事為例。台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
李美枝 、王鎮華 （民86）發現、詮釋與感通—心理學知識旨趣與實踐旨趣的融合。載於台大心理系本土心理學研究室之本土心理學方法。
李茂興（民87）生涯諮商理論實務。台北：宏智文化事業有限公司
余德慧（民79） 價值理念的變化。載於余德慧主編：中國人的幸福觀---命運與幸福。台北：張老師文化事業股份有限公司。
林幸台（民76） 生計輔導的理論與實施。台北：五南圖書出版公司。
林香君（民87）變的知識建構與建構知識的變。台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所博士論文。
金樹人（民84）生計發展與輔導。台北：天馬文化事業公司。
吳芝儀、李奉儒譯（民84）質的評鑑與研究。台北市：桂冠出版社。
吳淑禎（民88）早期記憶諮商模式對大學生適應困擾問題覺察之影響及其諮商效果之研究。彰化師範大學心理與輔導研究所博士論文。
邱美華、董華欣著 鍾思嘉校閱（民86）生涯發展與輔導。台北﹕心理出版社。
胡幼慧（民85）質性研究。台北：巨流圖書公司。
許維素（民87）輔導教師專業角色發展歷程之研究。台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所博士論文。
張汝倫（民77）意義的探究-當代西方釋義學。台北﹕谷風出版社。
畢恆達（民85）詮釋學質性研究。載於胡幼慧編（民85）質性研究—理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。
黃光國（民84）知性與行動—中國文化傳統的社會心理詮釋。台北：心理出版社
黃光國（民87） 科學哲學與心理學工作坊，5月30-31日於台灣大學心理系。
陳寬政、賴澤涵（民68） 我國家庭制度的變遷。台北︰中央研究院三民主義研究所。
陳寬政、賴澤涵（民69） 我國家庭形式的歷史與人口探討。中國社會學刊第五期，十一月，頁25-40。
陳寬政、賴澤涵（民78） 我國的「家庭」研究與家庭問題。載於蔡文輝、蕭新煌主編︰台灣與美國社會問題。台北︰東大圖書出版有限公司。
陳伯璋（民79） 教育研究方法的新取向---質的研究方法。台北：南宏圖書有限公司。
曾志朗、黃素菲（民87）醫學院學生生涯發展需求與輔導方案設計之研究。教育部八十六年度委託研究計畫。
蔡文輝（民78） 美國的家庭問題。載於蔡文輝、蕭新煌主編︰台灣與美國社會問題。台北︰東大圖書出版有限公司。
蕭新煌譯（民79）現代化與家庭制度。台北︰巨流。
嚴平譯（民81） 詮釋學。台北：桂冠圖書股份有限公司。
英文部份
Ackernecht, L. K. (1976). New aspects of early recollections as a diagnostic and therapeutic device(Eds.). Individual Psychologist, 13, 44-54.
Adler, A. (1929a). The Practice And Theory of Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt & Brace.
Adler, A. (1929b). The Science of Living. London: Low & Brydone.
Adler, A. (1931). What Life Should Mean to You. Boston: Little Brown.
Adler, A. (1956).The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. In H. L. Ansbacher & R. R. Ansbacher (Eds.). New York: Basic Books.
Adler, A. (1964).Superiority and Social Interest. In H. L. Ansbacher (Eds.).Evanston, III.: Northwestern Univ. Press
Alexander, I.E. (1988). Personality, psychological assessment, and psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56, 265-294.
Allport, G. W. (1962). The general and the unique in psychological science. Journal of Personality, 30, 405-422.
Ansbacher, H. L. (1967). Life Style: A Historyical and Systematic Review. Journal of Individual Psychology,23,191-212.
Attarian, P. J.(1978). Early recollections: Predictors of vocational choice. Journal of Individual Psychology, , 34, 56-61.
Averill, J. R. (1991). Emotions as episodic dispositions, cognitive schemas, and transitory social roles: steps toward an integrated theory of emotion.In A.J Stewart, J.M. Healy, Jr. and D.Ozer(Eds.), Approaches to Understanding Lives. Perspectives in Personality Vol. 3, Part A. London: Jessica Kinsely. pp.139-67.
Baumeister, R.F., Stillwell, A.M. and Heartherton, T.F. (1995) . Interpersonal aspects of guilt: Evidence from narrative studies. In J.P. Tangnay and K.W. Fischer(Eds.), Self-conscious Emotions: the Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride. New York: Guilford Press. pp.255-73.
Berstein, B. (1972). Social class, language and socialization. In P.P. Giglioli(Ed.), Language and Social Context: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp.157-78.
Bickman, L., & Rog, D. J. (1998). Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage
Blumenfeld-Jones,D.(1995). Fidelity as a criterion for practicing and evaluating narrative inquire. In J. A. Hatch & R. Wisniewski(Eds.), Life History and Narrative. Washing: The Falmer Press.
Bliss, W. D. (1970). Birth order of creative writers. Journal of Individual Psychology, 26, 200-202.
Brewer, W.F. and Lichtenstein, E.H. (1982). Stories are to entertain : A structural-affect theory of stories. Journal of Pragmatics, 6:473-86.
Bruner, J. S. (1986). Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1990) . Acts of Meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1991). The narrative construction of reality. Criticality Inquiry, 18: 1-21.
Bujold, C. (1990). Biographical-hermeneutical approach to the study of career development. In R. A. Young & W. A. Borgen (Eds.), Methodological Approaches to the Study of Career (pp.57-59). New York: Praeger.
Cochran, L. (1997). Career Counseling as Narrative Construction. Newbary Park, CA: Sage.
Cochran, L. (1990).Narrative as a paradigm for career research . In R. A. Young & W. A. Borgrn(Eds.), Methodological Approaches to The Study of Career (pp.71-86). New York: Praeger.
Csikszentmihaly, M., & Beattie, O. V. (1979). Life themes: A theoretical and empirical exploration of their origins and effects. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 19,45-63.
Denzin, N. K. (1989) The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Method. (pp 183-209). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
de Rivera, J. (1989). Choice of emotion and ideal development. In L. Cirillo, B. Kaplan and S. Wapner (Eds.), Emotions in Ideal Human Development. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum pp. 7-34.
de Rivera, J. (1991) .The structure and dynamics of emotion. In A. J. Stewart, J.M. Healy, Jr. and D. Ozer (Eds.), Approaches to Understanding Lives. Perspectives in Personality Vol. 3, Part A. London: Jessica Kinsely. pp.191-212.
Edwin L. H., & Stanley H.C.(1996). Career Guidance and Counseling Through the Life Span: Systematic Approaches, Harper Collins College Publishers.
Gergen, K.J.& Gergen, M.M. (1984). An introduction to historical social psychology. In K.J Gergen & M.M. (Ed.),Gergen Historical Social Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gergen, M.M. and Gergen, K.J. (1993). Autobiographies and the shaping of gendered lives. In N.Coupland and J.F. Nussbaum (Eds.), Discourse and Lifespan Identity. London: Sage.
Giorgi, A.(1985). Phenomenology and Psychological Research. Pittsburgh: Duquene University Press.
Hafner, J. L., & Fakouri, M. E. (1984a). Early recollections of vocational choice, Individual Psychology, 40, 54-60.
Hafner, J. L., & Fakouri, M. E. (1984b). Early recollections of individuals preparing for careers in clinical psychology, dentistry, and law. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 24, 236-241.
Hafner, J. L., Fakouri, M. E., & Etzler, D. R. (1986). Early recollections of individuals preparing for careers in Chemical, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering. Individual Psychology, 42, 360-366.
Hall, C. S., & Lindzey, G. (1959).Theories of Personality. New York: Wiley, 1959.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1983). Ethnography: Principles in practice. New York: Tavistock.
Herr, E. L. & Cramer, S. H. (1996). Career Guidance and Counseling through the Life Span: Systematic Approaches(5eh ed.). New York: Harper Collins College.
Hogan, R.(1983). A socioanalytic theory of personality. In M. Page(Ed.), Nebrasaka symposium on motivation 1982: Personality-Current theory and research (pp.55-89).Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska. Press.
Jepsen, D. A. (1994) The thematic-extrapolation method: Incorporating career patterns into career counseling. The Career Development Quarterly, 43-53.
Kopp, R. R., & Dinkmeyer, D.(1975). Early recollections in life style assessment and counseling. School Counselor, 23, 22-27.
Korman, A. K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 31-41.
Labov, W. and Waletzky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: oral versions of personal experience. In J. Helm (Ed.), Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Langellier, K.M. (1989). Personal narratives: Perspectives on theory and research, Text and Performance Quarterly, 9:234-76.
Lazarus, R.S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist. 39: 124-9.
Le Gall, D. (1987). Les recits de vie: Approcher le social par le pratique. In J. P. Deslauriers (Ed.), Les methodes de la recherche qualitative (pp. 35-48). Sillery Quebec: Presses de 1’Universite du Quebec.
Lindsay-Hertz, J., de Rivera, J. and Mascolo, M.F. (1995). Differentiating shame and guilt and their effects on motivation. In J.P. Tangnay and K.W. Fisher (Eds.), Self Conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride. New York: Guiltford press.
Lieblich A., Tuval-Mashiach R., & Zilber T. (1999). Narrative Research: reading ,analysis and interpretation. CA: Sage.
MacIntyre, A. (1981). After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. London: Duckworth.
Mair, M. (1989a). Beyond Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Poetics of Experience. London: Routledge.
Mair, M. (1989b) Psychology as a discipline of discourse. Paper presented at a Conference on ‘Psychology, Psychotherapy and Story-Telling ‘, Psychotherapy Section of the British Psychological Society, Dumfries, Scotland.
Manaster, G., & Perryman, T. (1974). Early recollections and occupational choice. Journal of Individual Psychology,30, 232-237.
Mcadams, D.P. (1988). Biography, narrative, and lives: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 56, 174-204.
Mcfarland, M.(1988). Early recollections discriminate persons in two occupations: Medical technology and nursing. Individual Psychology, 44, 77-84.
McLeod, J. (1997). Narrative and Psychotherapy. London:Sage.
Moask, H. H. (1958). Early recollections as a projective techniques. Journal of Projective Techniques, 22, 302-311.
Moask, H. H. (1971). Life style. In A. G. Nikelly (Eds.).Techniques for Behavior Change, Springfield, III.: Tomas.
Neimeyer, G.J. (1989). Applications of repertory grid technique to vocational behavior. Journal of Counseling and Denelopment,67,585-589.
Ochberg, R. L. (1988). Life stories and psychosocial construction of careers. Journal of Personality, 56, 173-204.
Olney, J. (Ed.). (1980). Autobiography: Essay Theoretical and Critical. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Osipow, S. H. (1983). Theories of career development (3rd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Outwaite, W.(1986) Understanding Social Life: The Method Called Verstehen (2nd ed.). Lewes, East Sussex, England: Beacon.
Polanyi, L. (1982). Linguistic and social constraints on storytelling. Journal of Pragmatics, 6:509-24.
Polkinghorne, D.E. (1991). Narrative and the self-concept. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 1: 135-53.
Roe, A., & Linneborg, P. W.(1990). Personality development and career choice. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Assoc. (Eds.), Career Choice and Development: Applying Contemporary Theories to Practice (2nd ed., pp. 68-101).San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Roe, A., & Siegelman, M. (1963). A parent-child relations questionnaire. Child Development, 34, 355-369.
Runyan, W. M. C. (1984). Life Histories and Psychobiography: Explorations in Theory and Method. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sarbin, T.R. (1986). The narrative as a root metaphor for psychology. In T.R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative Psychology: the Stored nature of Human Conduct. New York: Praeger, pp. 1-37.
Sarbin, T.R. (1989a). Emotions as situated actions. In L. Cirillo, B. Kaplan and S. Wapner (Eds.), Emotions in Ideal Human Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. pp. 77-99.
Sarbin, T.R. (1989b). Emotions as narrative emplotments. In M.J. Packer and R.B. Addison (Eds.). Entering the circle: Hermeneutic Investigation in Psychology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 185-201.
Savicks, M. L.(1989). Career-style assessment and counseling. in T. Sweeney(Ed.), Adlerian Counseling: A Practice approach for a New Decade (3rd ed., pp289-320). Muncie, in Accelerate Development.
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Constructivist career counseling: models and methods. Advance in Personal Construct Psychology, Volume 4, 149-182.
Scheibe, K.E. (1986). Self-narratives and adventure. In T.R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narratives Psychology: the Stored Nature of Human Conduct, New York: Praeger. Pp. 129-51.
Slaney, R. B., & Russell, J. E. A.(1987).Perspectives on vocational behavior,1986: A review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 111-173.
Spokane, A.R., & Oliver, L W.(1983). The outcomes of vocational interventions. In W. B. Walsh & S.H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of vocation psychology: Vol 2 (p99-136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stein, N.L. and Glenn, C.G. (1979). An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children. In R.O. Freedle (Ed.), Advances in Discourse Processes: New Directions in Discourse Processing Vol.2. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Stewart, A.J., Franz, C., & Layton, L. (1988). The changing self: Using personal document to study lives. Journal of Personality, 56, 41-74.
Tiedeman, D., & Miller-Tiedeman, A.(1985). The trend of life in the human career. Journal of Career Development, 11,221-250.
Van Kaam, A. (1969). Existential Foundations of Psychology. Garden City, NY: Image.
Valle, R., & King, M. (1978). Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Very, P. S., & Zannini, J. A. (1969). Relation between birth order and being a beautician. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 149-151.
Very, P. S., & Prull, R. W. (1970). Birth order , personality development and the choice of law as a profession. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 116, 219-221.
Very, P. S., Goldblatt, R. W. & Monacelli, V. (1973). Birth order, personality development and vocation choice in becoming a carmelite nun Journal of Psychology, 85, 75-80.
Watkins, C. E., Jr. (1984). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler: Toward an Adlerian vocational theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 24, 28-47.
Watkins, C. E., Jr., & Savickas, M. L.(1990). Psychodynamic career counseling. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Career Counseling: Contemporary topics in vocational psychology (pp. 79-116). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Patton W. & McMahon M. (1999). Career Development and Systems Theory: A New Relationship. Canada:Books/Cole.
Webster’s Third International Dictionary. (1966).Springfield,MA:Merriam-
Webster.
Wiersma, J. (1988). The press release: Symbolic communication in life history interviewing. Journal of Personality, 56, 205-238.
Wong, K.C. (翁開誠). (1994). Narrative thinking and advanced empathy. 輔仁學誌: 文學院之部，pp. 359-384.
Young, R.A., & Collin, A. (1988) Career development and hermeneutical inquiry Part 1: The framework of a hermeneutical approach. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 22, 153-161.