研究生: |
彭惠萱 Peng,Hui-Hsuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
軟體研發人員之隱性知識分享研究-以通信網路業系統廠之PDA軟體工程師為例 Implicit Knowledge Sharing of Software Engineers – A Study on PDA Software Engineers of Communication and Network System Vendors |
指導教授: |
卜小蝶
Pu, Hsiao-Tieh |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
圖書資訊學研究所 Graduate Institute of Library and Information Studies |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 159 |
中文關鍵詞: | 知識管理 、隱性知識 、隱性知識分享 、軟體工程師 |
英文關鍵詞: | Knowledge Management, Implicit Knowledge, Implicit Knowledge Sharing, Software Engineer |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:133 下載:2 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
員工所具備的隱性知識,是企業組織維持競爭優勢及永續經營的基礎,而員工的隱性知識分享則是組織進行知識管理的重要任務之一。由於隱性知識具有內隱、不易言傳等特性,因此,如何建立有效的分享機制,是所有重視知識創新的企業組織所需面對的挑戰。綜合過去研究,研發部門的隱性知識分享活動相當頻繁,其中軟體工程師更是具備高度內隱技能的人員類型。因此,本研究嘗試以通信網路業系統廠之PDA軟體研發部門人員為研究對象,並採用深度訪談法及內容分析法,分別訪談了台灣地區四家上市公司中,不同職位階層共十二名之軟體研發人員;並以其中一名資深工程師五個月的工作日誌進行內容分析,以便探討軟體研發人員在工作情境中,其主要使用的隱性知識類型、隱性知識分享方法及分享動機。
主要研究結果包括:一、軟體研發人員最常使用之隱性知識類型為「專業技術」、「內部人脈」及「客戶資訊」。二、軟體研發人員分享隱性知識最常利用的正式管道為「內部會議」、「師徒制」及「工作輪調」;非正式管道則包括「做中學」、「面對面溝通」及「觀察/模仿」;分享對象則以「同儕」為主;而管理個人隱性知識的策略則包括編碼化及個人化策略,其中前者強調將隱性知識外顯化,利用文件的形式保存,而後者則重視對人脈的管理及運用。三、軟體研發人員分享隱性知識之動機以「團體互動層次」因素為主,其中以「互利」、「聲譽」及「信任」為前三項主要因素;其次是「個體層次」之因素,其中以「利他」、「成就感」及「工作挑戰」為前三項主要因素;最後是「組織情境層次」之因素,但根據本研究結果,這方面的因素影響並不大。本研究最後也針對隱性知識分享管道及分享動機提出一些具體改善建議,對於關心組織知識管理及隱性知識分享之機構組織具有參考價值。
The Implicit Knowledge possessed by employees is the foundation of competition advantage and sustainable management for business organizations. Sharing Implicit Knowledge is one of the important tasks of business organizations to conduct Knowledge Management. However, since Implicit Knowledge is tacit and difficult to verbalized, how to build a mechanism to encourage knowledge sharing becomes a challenge for all the business organizations, which put great emphasis on knowledge innovation. Sum up past studies, it shows that implicit knowledge sharing is particularly frequent in the department of research and development. Moreover, the works of software engineer require highly tacit skills. Hence, this study targets on the PDA software engineers of Communication and Network System vendors and adopts two research methods: In-depth Interview and Content Analysis. Twelve software engineers of four listed companies in Taiwan, each of them comes from different working levels, are interviewed. Moreover, five-month work log of one senior engineer among them is collected for Content Analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types, sharing methods and motives of Implicit Knowledge used by the software engineers in working circumstance.
The main study results include: 1. the types of Implicit Knowledge most used by software engineer are professional skills, internal relations, and customer information. 2. The formal channels for sharing Implicit Knowledge are internal meetings, mentoring, and job rotation. Informal channels are learning by doing, face-to-face communication, and observation/imitation. And peer group is the major sharing companion. There are two strategies to manage personal Implicit Knowledge. One is Codification Approach, the other is Personalization Approach. The former put emphasis on making Implicit Knowledge explicit and preserved in the form of document. The later emphasizes how to manage and make use of relations. 3. The first level, which influences the motive of Implicit Knowledge sharing of software engineers the most, is group interaction level. Besides, among that level, mutual benefit, reputation, and trust are the prior three and main factors. Second is the individual level, mainly includes: altruism, achievement and challenge. The last level is the organizational situation level. But according to this study, this level does not make much influence on the motive of Implicit Knowledge sharing. As the result, for those institutions which concern about Organizational Knowledge Management and Implicit Knowledge sharing, this study provides practical advices to improve the channels and the motives of sharing Implicit Knowledge.
Davenport, T. H. & Prusake, L.著(1999)。知識管理:有效運用知識,創造優勢(Working Knowledge)(胡瑋珊譯)。台北市:中國生產力中心。(原作1998年出版)
IDC(2007)。2007年第一季PDA手機帶動整體手持裝置市場穩定成長。上網日期:95年12月28日,檢自:http://www.idc.com.tw/report/News/Taiwan/news_
Taiwan_070612.htm
Nonaka I. & Takeuchi H.著(1997)。創新求勝:智價企業論(The knowledge-creating company)(楊子江、王美音譯)。台北市:遠流。(原作1995年出版)
Taiwan NewsWire(2007)。Gartner:Windows Mobile活化PDA市場。上網日期:96年12月20日,檢自:http://www.newswire.com.tw/news/electron/
Story.htm?id=20000328
Wikipedia。隱性知識的特徵。上網日期:95年12月28日,檢自:http://zh. wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E6%80%A7%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86
王志和(2002)。隱性知識分享模式之研究-以國內IC設計業專案運作為例。未出版之碩士論文,元智大學工業工程與管理學系研究所,中壢市。
江新,鄭蘭琴,黃榮懷(2005)。關於隱性知識的分類研究。開放教育研究,11(1),28-31。
吳有順(2000)。網路社群知識分享過程之研究--以企業管理教學網站為例。未出版之碩士論文,國立政治大學企業管理研究所,台北市。
吳欣瑩(2005)。台灣科技公司技術部門內隱知識流動機制--以資訊電子系統廠為例。未出版之碩士論文,國立政治大學科技管理研究所,台北市。
李俊賢(2005)。「讀書會」在知識管理上的運用。KM技術情報電子報,(46)。上網日期:96年12月10日,檢自:http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/kmpp/enews/ epaper940119.htm#2
李媛婷(2005)。研發機構工程師資訊行為及其在資訊服務應用之探討。未出版之碩士論文,國立臺灣大學圖書資訊學研究所,台北市。
杜拉克(Drucker,P.F.)著(1994)。後資本主義社會(Post-Capitalist Society)(傅振焜譯)。台北:時報文化。(原作1993年出版)
汪金城(2001)。研發機構知識分享機制之研究-以工研院光電所研發團隊為例。未出版之碩士論文,國立政治大學公共行政研究所,台北市。
林栢章(2001)。促進知識管理之人力資源管理策略研究。未出版之碩士論文,彰化師大工業教育學系,彰化市。
林嘉芳(2003)。企業員工知識分享行為之探討-以中華電信南區分公司為例。未出版之碩士論文,中山大學資訊管理學研究所,高雄市。
邱子恆(2006)。知識管理與知識組織。台北市,文華出版社。
金承慧(2003)。研發機構組織成員知識分享行為意圖研究--以工研院研發人員為例。未出版之碩士論文,元智大學資訊傳播研究所,中壢市。
郁振華(2000)。走向知識的默會維度。上網日期:95年11月23日,檢自:http://www.ptext.cn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=730&Itemid=
袁兢業(2005)。組織創新視角下的隱性知識共享。山東社會科學,2005(10),66-68。
張亦學(2002)。論隱性知識轉化為顯性知識的運行機制。聊城大學學報(哲學社會科學版),4,124-126。
畢禮(Beazley, H.)、波尼斯(Boenisch, J.)、哈頓(Harden, D)著(2003)。延續管理:留住員工的腦袋(Continuity management) (王德玲譯)。台北:天下雜誌。(原作2002年出版)
許慈倩(2007)。知識管理,讓企業更有競爭力!。人才資本雜誌,(8)。上網日期:96年10月31日,檢自:http://college.itri.org.tw/HCMarticle.aspx?id=280&cid
=3&type=artl
陳永隆(2007)。如何建立學習型組織?。人才資本雜誌,(9)。上網日期:96年11月1日,檢自:http://college.itri.org.tw/HCMarticle.aspx?id=295&cid=
3&type=artl
陳佳香(2005)。水產研究人員隱性知識分享之研究。未出版之碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學社會教育系,台北市。
陳明鎮、楊蘭映(2006)。教職場域中的國小教師默會知識分享與傳遞研究--以苗栗縣某所國民小學輔導教師與實習教師為例。教育社會學通訊,(69)。20-37。
陳思正(2006)。中美和石油化學公司知識管理的推動與規劃。上網日期:96年10月23日,檢自:http://www.km.org.tw/km/article/11/2004020904.pdf
陳泰明(2000)。分享知識的企業。能力雜誌,11,30-33。
黃吉村(2003)。研發團隊成員之內隱知的流動與績效。未出版之博士論文,國立成功大學企業管理所,台南市。
黃靖文(2001)。知識管理、人力資源管理與經營策略間關係之研究---以高科技公司為例。未出版之碩士論文,國立成功企業管理系,台南市。
葉乃靜(2007)。從亞里斯多德的實踐智慧到默會知識。在賴鼎銘、葉乃靜編,默會知識研究(頁15-24)。台北市:文華圖書管理。
蘇文彬(2007)。PDA手機成長迅速。iThome online。上網日期:96年12月30日,檢自:http://www.km.org.tw/km/article/11/2004020904.pdf
資源管理中心(2007)。企業培訓新概念:重拾師徒制。上網日期:96年12月10日,檢自:http://www.cenerp.com/html/20071204/230135.html
Ambrosini, V. & Bowman, C. (2001). Tacit knowledge: Some suggestions for operationalization. Journal of Management Studies, 38(6),811-829.
Bateson, G. (1979). Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. New York: Bantam Books.
Brooking, A. (1996), Intellectual Capital, London: International Thomason Business Press.
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.
Davenport, T. H. & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business school Press.
Dillenbourg, P., & Schneider, D.(1995).Collaborative learning and the internet. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://tecfa.unique.ch/tecfa.html
Edvinsson, L. & Sullivan, P. (1996). Developing a model for managing intellectual capital. European Management Journal, 14(4), 356-364.
Eraut, M. (2000).Non-formal learning and tacit knowledge in professional work. British Journal of Educational Psychology,70(1),113-136.
Fulton, J. B. (2002).The transfer and transformation of tacit knowledge in new product development a case study. Unpublished master’s thesis , University of Carleton, Canada. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertation.
Gonsalves, A., and Zaino, J., (2001). Employees share pearls of wisdom, InformationWeek, September, Issue 854, 48.
Hansen, M.T., Nohria, N., & Teirney, T. (1999). What's your strategy form managing knowledge? Harvard business review, 77(2), 106-16.
Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2), 91-100.
IBM (n.d).IBM Knowledge Socialization Project.IBM Research. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.research.ibm.com
Jehn, K., Shah, A., & Pradhan, P.(1997). Interpersonal relationship and task performance: an examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(44),775-790.
Knowledge Harvest Inc..(2001).Tacit, implicit, explicit knowledge.Retrieved January 7, 2007, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi _m3495/ is_ 2_ 45/ ai_60139713/pg_1
Koskinen, K. U., Pihlanto, P. & Vanharanta, H. (2003). Tacit knowledge acquisition and sharing in a project work context. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 281-290.
Krogh, G. V., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2000). Enabling knowledge creation:How to unlock the mystery of tacit knowledge and release the power of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Levitt, T.(1991). Marketing imagination, New York: The Free Press.
Lubit, R.(2001). Tacit knowledge and knowledge management: the keys to sustainable competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 29(4) ,164-178.
Maslow, A.H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
Maula, M. (2000).Three parallel knowledge processes. Knowledge and Process Management, 7 (1), 55-59.
Mead, S. P. (2001). Using Social Network Analysis to Visualize Project Teams. Project Management Journal, 32(4), 32-38.
Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995).The knowledge creating company: How japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York:Oxford University Press.
O’Dell, C., & C. J. Grayson, Jr. (1998). If only we knew what we know: The transfer of internal knowledge and best practice. New York: Free.
Press.Perkins, D. (2002). The many meanings of tacit knowledge. Retrieved December 25, 2006, from http://www.gse.harvard.edu/~t656_web/My_contributions/Many_ meanings_of_tacit_knowledge.htm
Polanyi, M. (1967). The tacit dimension. New York:M. E. Sharp Inc.
Roberts, B. (2000). Pick employees’ brains. HR Manazine, 45(2), 115-120. Retrieved December 15, 2006, from
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi _m3495/ is_ 2_ 45/ ai_60139713/pg_1
Ronald E. D. (2005). Clearing up “implicit knowledge”: Implications for knowledge management, information science, psychology, and social epistemology. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56(6), 630-635.
Sharma, H. & Gupta, V. K. (2002). Knowledge management in the tacit dimension. Annals of Library and Information studies,49(2), 67-72.
Shirabe, M., Niwa, K., Okuda, S., & Ootsuji, H. (1997, July). Survey on tacit knowledge use in R&D of Japanese companies. PICMET '97: Portland International Conference on Management and Technology, 554 -557.
Skyrme, D., (2004).Commercialization:The Next Phase of knowledge management, , In Holsapple C.(Eds.), Handbook on Knowledge Management( Volume II,pp. 639-655). Berlin:Springer.
Stenmark, D. (2001). Leveraging tacit organizational knowledge. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17 (3), 9-24.
Stott, K., & Walker, A., (1995).Teams, Teamwork & Teambuilding: The manager's complete guide to teams in organizations. New York: Prentice Hall.
Tampoe, M. (1993). Motivating knowledge workers-The challenge for the 1990s, Long Range Planning, 26(3), 49-55.
Turban, E., & Watkins, P. R. (1986). Integrating expert systems and decision support systems. MIS Quarterly,10(2), 121-136.
Wiig, K. M. (1993). Knowledge management foundations : Thinking about thinking : how people and organizations create, represent, and use knowledge. Arlington, TEX: Schema Press.
Zack, M. (1999). Developing a knowledge strategy. California Management Review, 41(3), 125-146.