研究生: |
邱一珍 Chiu, Yi-Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
思覺失調症患者穩定就業之歷程探討 A study of the Employment Experiences of People with Schizophrenia |
指導教授: |
張千惠
Chang, Chien-Huey |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
復健諮商研究所 Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 137 |
中文關鍵詞: | 思覺失調症 、就業歷程 、穩定就業 、持續的個別化支持模式 、康復之家 |
英文關鍵詞: | schizophrenia, employment experiences, stable employment, individualized and continuous support models, halfway house |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203375 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:389 下載:61 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘要
本研究旨在探討思覺失調症患者的穩定就業之歷程及影響其穩定就業之相關因素。本研究採用質性研究取向,以深入訪談方式使用半結構式題綱進行資料收集。研究參與者包含四位已持續就業四年以上的思覺失調症患者。所蒐集之研究資料包括訪談逐字稿、訪談札記及研究參與者接受復健之復健記錄並運用NVivo第十版質性軟體進行資料分析。
本研究結果發現:思覺失調症患者的就業歷程可分為六個階段,探索職業性向、發病中斷就業或就學歷程、重返職場,疾病復發而再次中斷、復健訓練且重新探索自我、適應職場新工作、穩定就業後的新挑戰。此外,影響思覺失調症患者穩定就業的因素為疾病的影響、就業的動機、主管的態度、支持的持續性。
根據研究結果,研究者針對四種不同對象提出建議,針對思覺失調症患者,建議他們加強症狀察覺的敏銳度、找出症狀的應對策略、學習如何表達自己的困難之處並尋求協助。針對職場主管,建議他們避免大幅度的改變這些工作者的工作內容。針對康復之家,建議加強思覺失調症患者的體耐力並與職場主管保持密切的連繫。針對政府單位,研究者則建議:政府應發展持續的個別化就業支持模式、增加職場實習的管道、加強關於覺察精神症狀的教育。最後在文末針對未來研究提出建議並說明本研究的限制。
關鍵字:思覺失調症、就業歷程、穩定就業、持續的個別化支持模式、
康復之家
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the employment experiences of the people with schizophrenia. The research was conducted through qualitative research approach to interview four participants with schizophrenia who have been working for more than four years using semi-structured interview protocol. Data collected included interview transcripts, researcher’s field notes, and the participants rehabilitation records. The qualitative data were analyzed using software named NVivo10.
The major findings of this study consisted of the employment experiences of the participants with schizophrenia, which can be divided into 6 phases: (1) Exploring occupational orientation; (2) Employment or school life being suspended because of the onset of schizophrenia; (3) Employment being suspended again because of the schizophrenia symptoms ;(4) Rehabilitating and re-exploring the self; (5) Adapting to a new workplace ;(6) Facing new challenges after stable employment periods. In addition, the impact factors of the employment experience of the participants with schizophrenia included the impact of the disease, the motivation of employment, the attitude of the job supervisors, the continuous support.
According to the results of this study, suggestions were made. First, people with schizophrenia need to strengthen their awareness of the symptoms, identify the coping strategies, and learn how to express their difficulties and seek help. Second, the job supervisors need to avoid changing the job tasks of the participants with schizophrenia. Third, the halfway houses need to teach participants with schizophrenia how to improve their physical endurance, and keep in touch with their job supervisors. Fourth, the local governments need to develop individualized and continuous support models, expand the opportunities for interships, and increase the education about awareness of the mental illness. Finally, the research limitations and recommendations for future research are proposed.
Key word : Schizophrenia, employment experiences, stable employment, individualized and continuous support models, halfway house.
參考文獻
王育瑜(2005)。身心障礙者定額進用制度之研究。政府部門委託之專題研究成果報告(編號:PG 9310-0331)。出版地點:行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局。
王美珍(2004)。台灣報紙對精神障礙者烙印化之初探。「2004中華傳播學會年會傳播與風險社會」發表之論文,澳門。
台灣精神醫學會(譯)(2014)。DSM-5精神疾病診斷準則手冊(原作者:American psychiatric association)。臺北:合記。(原作出版年:2013)。
台灣精神醫學會(2014)。Schizophrenia中文譯名由「精神分裂症」更名為「思覺失調症」的歷史軌跡。取自http://www.sop.org.tw/Official/official_15.asp
行政院研究發展考核委員會(1995)。精神病患醫療服務體系之檢討。臺灣:行政院研究發展考核委員會。
成冠緯、陳正宗、 徐淑婷、林帥廷、吳明宜(2013)。精神分裂症患者之工作自我效能與功能性生活技能對於就業狀態的影響。職能治療學會雜誌,31(1),53-72。
任麗華(2011)。影響精神障礙者就業之重要因素分析。中華心理衛生學刊,24(1),1-23。
身心障礙者權益保障法。(2015 年 2 月 4 日)。
邱永祥(2011)。影響高職特教班畢業生工作適應相關因素之研究(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號089NCUE0037071)
李育叔(2006)。慢性精神病患就業影響因素之探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號094PU005216020)
李依蓁(2010)。父母協助生病子女發展完整病識感歷程-以精神分裂症為例(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號098TCU05201001)
李亞璇、謝碧晴、李中一、蘇慧芳(2013)。精神疾病社區復健使用者再入院及危險因素之探討。臺灣公共衛生雜誌,32(6),586-598。
李明濱(2011)。實用精神醫學第三版。臺北市:國立臺灣大學醫學院。
李雅敏、林宏熾(2008)。成年就業精神分裂症慢性精障者康復經驗之研究。復健諮商,2,49-76。
吳佳音(2009)。慢性精神病患就業成功預測因素:專業人員觀點(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號097NTNU5353004)
吳宜容、蘇純瑩、陸悌、林淑玲、李佳盈、陳吟星、汪宜霈(2009)。雇主與就服員對影響精神障礙者就業因素之觀點探討。職能治療學會雜誌,27(1),38-44。
吳錦鳳(1997)。中部地區工商界業者對殘障人士就業之展望。嶺東學報,8,20-47。
沈芳茂(2013)。慢性精障者的就業經驗及其困境之研究-以桃園市三家康復之家慢性精神病病患為例(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號101HCU00206014)
呂淑貞、李慧玲、王敏行、王作仁、古貞庭、巫淑君、黃裕達(2015)。
協助精障者參加職業訓練作業手冊(完整版)。臺北市:勞動部勞動力發展署。
余漢儀(2009)。從社區復健到社區就業:以台北地區醫院的支持性就業為例。東吳社會工作學報,20,33-62。
邵文娟、陳宏、張雅芬、林煒千、林靜蘭(2013)。探討精神分裂症病患出院後遵囑服藥與再住院關係之前瞻性研究。護理雜誌,60(5),31-40。
林幸台、田秀蘭、張小鳳、張德聰(2003)。生涯輔導。台北:心理。
林幸台、邱滿艷、張千惠、柯天路、張自強(2007)。臺北縣精神障礙者就業需求調查。臺灣職能治療研究與實務,3(2),82-93。
林幸台、王華沛、王敏行、邱滿艷、賴陳秀慧、鳳華、吳明宜、黃宜君、吳亭芳、陳靜江(譯)(2013)。工作與身心障礙:促進身心障礙者就業成效的背景因素、議題與策略(原作者:E. M. Szymanski, R. M. Parker)。台北:心理。
林素敏(2013)。慢性精神疾病患者就業困境因應措施之研究-以嘉義縣為例(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號101NHU05698029)
施彥卿(2004)。綜合醫院精神障礙者支持性就業服務之社工經驗。台灣社會工作學刊,1,199-216。
胡海國(2002)。精神分裂症之社區流行病學。當代醫學,347,717-727。
俞筱鈞(譯)(1996)。適應與心理衛生-人生週期之常態適應(原作者:D. H. Powell)。台北:揚智。(原作出版年:1983)。
高麗芷(2005)。全國精神社區復健中心之現況與特色。台灣社區精神照護研討會-家庭照護與就業服務彙編,台北:國家衛生研究院。
陳民虹、闕清模、高慧如(2013)。精神分裂症的認知衰退。澄清醫護管理雜誌,9(3),34- 41。
陳荻芬(2013)。精神障礙者社區就業歷程之個案研究。台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊,3(1),23-60。
張英陣(譯)(2000)。質化研究與社會工作(原作者:D. K.Padgett)。臺北市:洪葉文化
張倍瑄(2010)。穩定就業精神障礙者的就業支持(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號098THMU8201008)
張富美(2007)。精神障礙者之社區照護,台北市衛生季刊,38-42。
張朝琴(2014)。從復健到復元-以新竹市某康復之家住民為例。通識論叢,17,59-80。
張鳳航、張珏、鄭雅文(2012)。從計畫行為理論觀點,探討雇主僱用精障者意願及其相關因素。中華心理衛生學刊,25(1),73-104。
彭美琪、許銘能(2006)。建構社區精神疾病患者照護網絡-以台北縣為例。長期照護雜誌,10(4),323-332。
勞動部(2014a)。103年身心障礙者勞動狀況調查。取自http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/svy03/0342menu.htm。
勞動部(2014b)。身心障礙者定額進用概況。取自http://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/2456/。
勞動條件及就業平等司(2015)。基本工資之制訂與調整經過。取自http://www.mol.gov.tw/topic/3067/5990/13171/19154/。
賈千泰(2014)。精神障礙者穩定就業之困境與調適研究(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號102NTNT0464005)
楊明仁(2005)。精神疾病慢性精障者之就業經驗及其影響之相關因素探討。台灣社區精神照護研討會─家庭照護與就業服務彙編,台北:國家衛生研究院。
溫錦真、溫嬛椿、林美珠、王迺燕與洪曜(2008)。慢性精神分裂病患生涯故事與生涯復健之探究。中華輔導與諮商學報,24,147-179。
精神衛生法。(1990 年 7 月 4 日)。
衛生福利部統計處(2016a)。社會福利統計月報表。取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOS/Statistic.aspx?f_list_no=312&fod_list_no=4198。
衛生福利部統計處(2016b)。103年醫療統計年報。取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/CHT/DOS/Statistic.aspx?f_list_no=312&fod_list_no=5996。
劉沛均(2013)。從杜鵑窩到職場就業-慢性精神疾病患者就業困境探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號101CCU00350016)
劉素芬(2011)。社會功能與社區慢性精神病人復元之相關性研究-以社區復健中心與康復之家為例。臺大社會工作學刊,23,137-180。
鄭南鵬、張自強、林鈺雯、徐嘉隆、沈楚文(2003)。精神障礙者之就業需求。台灣精神醫學,17(3),225-231。
鄭雅敏(2003)。慢性精神病患的工作經驗探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號092THU00201001)
蘇秋燕(2015)。思覺失調症病患的家庭主要照顧者勝任度指標之建構 (碩士論文)。取自臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號103NTCN0712012)
Anthony, W., Cohen, M., Farkas, M., & Gagne, C. (2002). Psychiatric rehabilitation, 2nd edition. Boston: Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Banks, B., Charleston, S., Groosi, T., & Mank, D. (2001). Workplace supports, job performance, and integration outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 389-396.
Brantschen, E., Kawohl, W., Rössler, W., Bärtsch, B., & Nordt, C. (2014). Supported employment - improving competitive employment for people with mental illness: The role of motivation and social network. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 40(1), 41-47.
Bridge, J. A., & Barbe, R. P. (2004). Reducing hospital readmission in depression and schizophrenia: Current evidence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 17, 505-511.
Buchanan, R. W. (2007). Persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: An overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(4), 1013-1022.
Cook, J. A., Lehman, A. F., Drake, R., McFarlane, W. R., Gold, P. B., & Leff, H. S. (2005). Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: A multisite randomized controlled trial supported employment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1948-1956.
Couture, S. M., Penn, D. L., & Robert, D.L. (2006). The functional significance of social cognition in schizophrenia: A review schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 32(1), 44-63.
Cunningham, K., Brockmeier, M. B., & Wolbert, R. (2000). Moving beyond the illness: Factors contributing to gaining and maintaining employment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), 481-494.
Cybula, F. A., Merecz, K. D., Walusiak, S. J., Marcinkiewicz, A., & Wiszniewska, M. (2015). Employees with mental illness -possibilities and barriers in professional activity. Med Pr , 66(1), 57-69.
Falvo, D. R. (2014). Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability, 5th edition. Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
Freudenreich, O., Catter, C., Evins, A. E., Henderson, D. C., & Goff, D. C. (2004). Attitudes of schizophrenia outpatients toward psychiatric medications: Relationship to clinical variables insight. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(10), 1372-1376.
Gold, J. M., Goldberg, R. W., McNary, S. W., Dixon, L. B., & Lehman, A. F. (2002). Cognitive correlates of job tenure among patients with severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1395-1402.
Granello, D. H., Pauley, P. S., & Carmichael, A. (2003). Relationship of the media to attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Eduacation & Development, 38(2), 98-111.
Henry, A. D., & Lucca, A. M. (2004). Facilitators and barriers to employment: The perspectives of peoplewith psychiatric disabilities and employment service providers. Work, 22(3), 169-182.
Hershenson, D. B. (1996). Work adjustment: A neglected area in career counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 442-448.
Hershenson, D.B. (2001). Promoting work adjustment in workforce investment actconsumers: A role for employment counselors. Journal of Employment Counseling, 38, 28-37.
Hill, K., & Startup, M. (2013). The relationship between internalized stigma, negative symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Psychiatry Res, 206(2-3), 151-157.
Hoffmann, H., Kupper, Z., Zbinden, M., & Hirsbrunner, H. P. (2003). Predicting vocational functioning and outcome in schizophrenia outpatients attending a vocational rehabilitation program. Social Psyshiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 76-82.
Honey, A. (2003). The impact of mental illness on employment: Consumers' perspectives. Work, 20, 267-276.
Isaacson, L. & Brown, D. (2000). Career information, career counseling, and career development, 7th edition. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Latimer, E. A., Lecomte, T., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Duclos, I., Piat, M., Lahaie, N., St-Pierre, M., Therrien, C., & Xie, H. (2006). Generalisablity of the individual placement and support model of supported employment: Results of a Canadian randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 65-73.
Lehman, A. F., Goldberg, R. W., Dixon, L. B., McNary, S. W., Postrado, L., & Hackman, A. (2002). Improving employment outcomes for persons with severe mental illnesses. Archives General Psychiatry, 59(2), 165-172.
Marwaha, S., & Johnson, S. (2004). Schizophrenia and employment: A review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 337-349
Marwaha, S., Balachandra, S., & Johnson, S. (2009). Clinicians’ attitudes to the employment of people with psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(5), 349-360.
Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education. Thousand Oaks, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Pencer, A., Addington, J., & Addington, D. (2005). Outcome of a first episode of psychosis in adolescence: A-year follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 133(1), 35-43.
Razzano, L. A., Cook, J. A., Burke-Miller, J. K., Mueser, K. T., Pickett-Schenk, S. A., & Grey, D. D. (2005). Clinical factors associated with employment among people with severe mental illness: Findings from the employment intervention demonstration program. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(11), 705-713.
Rosenheck, R., Leslie, D., Keefe, R., McEvoy, J., Swartz, M., & Perkins, D. (2006). Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(3), 11-17.
Roth, R. M., Laura, A. F., Andrew, J. S., Thomas, W. M., & Robert, V. (2004). Apathy in schizophrenia: Reduced frontal lobe volume and neuropsychological deficits. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161(1), 157-159.
Russinova, Z., Wewiorski, N. J., Lyass, A., Rogers, E. S., & Massaro, J. M. (2002). Correlates of vocational recovery for persons with schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry. 14, 303-311.
Super, D. E., Savickas, M. L., & Super, C. M. (1996). The life-span, life-space approach to careers. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Vogel, D. L., Bitman, R. L., Hammer, J. H., & Wade, N. G. (2013). Is stigma internalized? The longitudinal impact of public stigma on self-stigma. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 311-316. doi: 10.1037/a0031889
Wallace, C. J., & Liberman, R. P. (1985). Social skills training for patients with schizophrenia: A controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Research, 15(3), 239-247.