摘要

董尼才第(Gaetano Donizetti, 1797–1848)為十九世紀初極負盛名的義大利作曲家。他的作品以數量超過六十五部的歌劇最為著名。他的歌曲作品共有兩百五十七首，皆為聲樂及鋼琴而寫。筆者從中挑選了八首與愛情有關的義大利文獨唱歌曲，並分為「愛情的喜悅」與「愛情的苦痛」兩部分，每部分各有四首歌曲。「愛情的喜悅」部分包含：〈永恆的愛與忠誠〉(Eterno amore e fè)、〈我的愛〉(L’amor mio)、〈熾熱的黑眼睛〉(Occhio nero incendiator)與〈我多想建一所小屋〉(Me voglio fà ‘na casa)；「愛情的苦痛」部分包含：〈愛情與死亡〉(Amore e morte)、〈距離〉(La lontananza)、〈致命的愛情〉(L’amor funesto)與〈她死了〉(È morta)。
董尼才第的許多歌曲就如同「縮小版的歌劇場景」，他的人聲作品呈現美聲旋律的純粹美感，又融入了震撼人心的戲劇張力。董尼才第為歌曲譜寫的鋼琴伴奏，就如同「以鋼琴演奏的管絃樂伴奏」，成為他賦予歌曲戲劇張力的手法之一。筆者將探討董尼才第如何運用以美聲唱法(bel canto)傳統為基礎的義大利浪漫時期作曲技法，以文學或戲劇作品呈現愛情的不同樣貌，賦予歌曲特殊的戲劇性及生命力。

Abstract

Gaetano Donizetti(1797–1848), "one of the most outstanding Italian composer in the early nineteenth century." He built his reputation as an opera composer with more than 65 operas. He also composed 257 songs for voice and piano. This study selects eight italian songs with the theme of love by Donizetti. These songs presented in two parts: "the joys of love" and "the torments of love". The 1st part contains: "Eterno amore e fè" (Eternal love and faithfulness), "L’amor mio" (My love), "Occhio nero incendiator" (Fiery dark eyes) and "Me voglio fà ‘na casa" (I want to build a house by the sea), all featuring joyful aspects of love. The second part, presented Donizetti’s views of tormented love in "Amore e morte" (Love and death), "La lontananza" (Distance), "L’amor funesto" (Fatal love) and "È morta" (She is dead) .
Donizetti’s song compositions also have characteristics of opera, like a miniature operatic scene. He is gifted in writing lyrical melodies blended with dramatic elements. He comprehends the sensitivity of the human voice, and he writes on the Italian bel canto tradition. The piano accompaniment in Donizetti’s songs is the substitution of orchestra, and it makes his blending dramatic and lyrical elements possible. This study will discuss how Donizetti stands firmly on the tradition of Italian Romanticism, and his choices of words to speak of the joys and torments of love.

參考書目

一、中文書目

方銘健。《西洋音樂史：理念與建構》。臺北市：方銘健發行：全華科技圖書總經銷，2005。

任蓉。《美聲法與藝術的歌唱》。台北：樂韻出版社，2008二版。

堀內敬三。《西洋音樂史》。邵義強 譯。台北：全音出版，1971。

邵義強。《世界名歌劇饗宴1》。高雄市：麗文文化，2002。

雷朋 (Raeburn, Michael), 肯多 (Kendall, Alan) 主編，黃寤蘭 中文版主編，吳家恆 編輯，張渝役 譯。《浪漫時期音樂》。台北市：臺灣麥克，1995。

楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》。台北：美樂出版社，2003。

劉志明。《西洋音樂史與風格》。臺北市：全音樂譜，2004。

陳思照。《歌劇舞台藝術教學研究》。台北：樂韻出版社，1994。

蔡敏。《雅俗共賞的作曲家—意大利的董尼才悌》。台北：全音樂譜，1994。

Landini, Gianfranco.《多尼采蒂》(Donizetti)。師維 譯。台北：世界文物出版社，
1998。

Schonberg, Harold C.《歌劇、歌曲、華爾滋》。陳琳琳譯。台北：萬象，1994。

二、外文書目

Barblan,Guglielmo & Zanolini, Bruno, eds. Gaetano Donizetti: Vita e Opere di un Musicista Romantico. Bergamo: Societa di Addicurazioni Liguria, 1983.

Blume, Friedrich, ed. Classic and Romantic Music: A Comprehensive Survey. Translation by M.D. Heter Norton. New York: W.W.Norton, c 1970.

Cassaro, James P., ed. Gaetano Donizetti: A Guide to Research. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.

Grout, Donald Jay, ed. A History of Western Music. New York: W.W.Norton &
Company,Inc., 1988.

Kimball, Carol, ed. Song: a guide to style and literature. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard, 2006.

LeVan, Timothy, ed. Masters of the Italian Art Song: Word-by-Word and Poetic Translations of the Complete Songs for Voice and Piano. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1990.

Plantinga, Leon, ed. Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Century Europe. New York: W.W. Norton, c1984.

Sadie, Stanley & John Tyrrell, eds. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.2nd ed. 29 vols. New York: Garland, 1998-2002.

三、期刊

Ashbrook, William. "Donizetti and Romani." Italica, vol. 64, no. 4, Winter 1987,
p. 606-631.

De'Ath, Leslie. "Language and Diction. Linguistic Lingo And Lyric Diction VI--Assimilation." Journal of Singing, May/Jun 2015, Vol. 71, Issue 5, p. 603-612.

___________. " Language and Diction. Texting in Italian." Journal of Singing,
Jan/Feb 2014, Vol. 70 Issue 3, p. 331-340.

Deasy, Martin. "Local color: Donizetti's Il furioso in Naples." 19th-Century Music, Vol. 32, No. 1, Summer 2008, p. 3-25.

Gossett, Philip and Glasow, E. Thomas. "Donizetti: European composer." The Opera Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3, Spring, 1998, p. 11-16.

Illo, John and Rosenberg, Charles George. "Donizetti in decline: Another memoir." The Opera Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3, Spring, 1998, p. 55-64.

Kimball, Carol. "THE SONG FILE. Why Sing Art Songs?" Journal of Singing; Jan/Feb 2014, Vol. 70 Issue 3, p. 361-364.

Maxfield, Lynn. "Healthy Voices, Healthy Singers." Journal of Singing, Mar/Apr 2015, Vol. 71 Issue 4, p. 507-512.

Robert Markow, "Looney Tunes" Opera News, Vol. 58 Issue 9, Jan 22, 1994, p. 17.

四、線上資料庫

國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網
http://terms.naer.edu.tw/

Austin Patty on Music Theory – for the love of music
http://www.austinpattytheory.com/

Dictionary.com
http://dictionary.reference.com/

Encyclopaedia Britannica
http://www.britannica.com/

Omniglot – the online encyclopedia of writing system & languages
http://www.omniglot.com/

Oxford Music Online. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001- . Includes Grove Music
Online.
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/ .

Treccani – La Cultura Italiana
http://www.treccani.it/

WordReference.com
http://www.wordreference.com/

五、樂譜

林美智 編譯。《董尼才悌聲樂歌曲樂集》。台北市：台北市基督教社會互談會，2007。
聲樂家協會 主編。《義大利聲樂曲集 (三) & (4)》。台北市：樂韻出版社，2012 & 2013。

Donizetti, Gaetano. Composizioni da Camera per Canto e Pianoforte. Vol. I & II. Ed. R. Mingardo. Milano: Ricordi, 2011 & 2014.

Donizetti, Gaetano. Donizetti: Vocal Collection for Low Voice. Ed. John Glenn Paton. USA: Alfredo Music, 2005.

Donizetti, Gaetano. Donizetti 20 Songs: High Voice. Ed. John Glenn Paton. USA: Alfredo Music, 2006.

Donizetti, Gaetano. Liriche‧Art Songs. Milano: Ricordi, 2007.

六、有聲資料

Donizetti, Gaetano. Donizetti: Songs. Dennis O'Neill and Ingrid Surgenor. Naxos, 8.557780. CD. 1997.