自從前蘇聯於1957年發射首顆人造衛星引發美蘇兩強太空競賽，太空的戰略價值即開始受到重視，從此太空被認為將繼陸、海、空之外成為第四維戰場。從20世紀90年代初爆發的波灣戰爭(Persian Gulf War)做為起點，之後各次的戰爭中，高科技特別是太空科技，無一例外地決定了戰爭勝敗。時至今日，戰場優勢觀念已演變成為包括：「誰能掌握資訊優勢，誰就掌握戰場主動權」的「制資訊權」(Information dominance)及「誰控制太空，誰就控制地球」之「制天（太空）權」(Command of the space)等。而為了擁有武力掌握制天權，太空的軍事化及武器化成為一種趨勢，太空戰（Space Warfare）就是太空軍事化下產生的新型作戰型態。
一旦太空被軍事化，將失去其應有的和平寧靜，這對人類而言毋寧是一大悲哀。太空場域的軍事化其戰爭潛力比起其他傳統戰爭可謂巨大許多，因此如何避免太空軍事化或更為嚴重的武器化已成為國際戰略界及法學界關心的重要議題。
由於視太空為下一代主戰戰場，強權當然不願意對發展太空軍事能力加以設限。然若太空大國無法合作建構約束太空軍事化的機制，則太空軍事化的現象必將持續惡化。目前國際間在太空軍事化議題上的討論已呈現「聾人的對話」(dialogue of the deaf)局面，眾人皆不願放手太空的利益是為主因。太空是人類的公共財，聯合國曾通過各項條約及決議案，試圖達到避免太空軍事化及太空軍備競賽的目標。然而該等協議或條約，雖然立意良善，但原則與內容或者陳舊或者含糊，對防止人類濫用太空或將太空軍事化上之功能明顯不足，更遑論對太空衝突發生的監督約束作用。
規範太空活動的法律已出現「滯後性」，為保障各國和平利用太空的權利和太空資產的安全，國際社會有必要合作對現有的國際法律制度進行檢討，修訂或制訂新的國際條約或信心建立機制，如無法禁止太空軍事化，則下一步將必須對可能的太空衝突制訂有效的交戰規範。
在可見的未來，遏制太空軍事化問題必然是國際社會關注焦點，尤其是如何建立約束太空軍事化的機制將是重點。為此，本文針對此一議題進行探討，努力呈現出目前太空法的缺憾與不足，並同時對未來應設計何種機制約束太空軍事化提出具體建議。

The launch of the first man-made satellite by the former Soviet Union in 1957, set in motion the space race between the Soviet Union and the USA and generated much debate over the strategic value of space, since then, space has come to be regarded by many as the fourth battlefield after land, sea and sky. Since the Persian Gulf War in 1991, space technology has been instrumental in determining victor, therefore, current strategic thinking has evolved into a focus on “information dominance” in the belief that “whoever has an advantage in the control of information will control the battlefield.” In relation to the “command of space” this same logic implies “who controls space will control the Earth”. In effect, space warfare is a new form of warfare arising directly from the militarization of space.
The militarization of space would destroy peace in this arena which would be rather sad for mankind. As such, how best to avoid the militarization of space has become an important issue in international strategic and legal circles, even though global discussions on the issue have resembled something of a “dialogue of the deaf”. The root cause of this situation is that no country is willing to give up its interests in space.
In point of fact, space is a public good and the UN has passed all manner of conventions and resolutions in an effort to prevent its militarization and the beginning of a space arms race. However, those agreements are either out-of-date or ambiguous and have little practical use in restricting militarization. To safeguard the right of each country to exploit space and guarantee the security of space assets, it is essential that the international community comes together to review the existing international legal system and revise or enact new international agreements. If the militarization of space proves unavoidable, a engagement rule for future conflicts in space will need to be made.
In the foreseeable future, it is very likely that the international community will focus more on how to prevent the militarization of space and seek to introduce mechanisms designed to prevent such an outcome. This article will explore this issue and identify the shortcomings inherent in existing space law, while making proposals on how to develop a mechanism that might just be able to prevent the militarization of space.

參考書目
中文部份
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「孫子兵法語錄」，http://web2.tcssh.tc.edu.tw/school/guowenke/books/bing/EB-0-3.htm#〈行軍篇〉
朱文奇，「國際法與外空軍事化問題研究」，共識網，http://www.21ccom.net/plus/view.php?aid=380
知遠，「促進負責的太空行為以維持安全的太空環境」，搜狐網，http://mil.sohu.com/20120830/n351951234.shtml
馬呈元，「外層空間的和平利用」，法制日報，http://news.sohu.com/94/70/news214757094.shtml
程群、何奇松，「國際太空行為準則—博弈與前景」，上海國際問題研究院，2013年第5期，http://www.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=111&id=513&page=2
五、媒體資料
王英健，「美軍最強通信衛星實戰部署」，參考消息，2008年4月21日，版8。
趙國材，「太空強國的星際大戰」，中時電子報，2013年9月26日，http://news.chinatimes.com/forum/11051402/112013092600506.html
「太空軍備競賽實難遏止」，中國青年報，2007年2月1日, http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2007-02/01/content_5680950.htm
「中炸毀衛星 美曾警告採軍事行動」，自由時報，2011年2月4日，版A12。
「中俄聯手 阻止美國武器化太空」，新浪網，2008年02月14日, http://news.sina.com/int/wccdaily/105-103-102-105/2008-02-14/01042666588.html
「日內瓦裁軍談判會議」，新華網，http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-06/02/content_899349.htm
「媒體稱中俄外空條約草案未禁止反衛星武器研究」，新浪軍事，2011年04月06日 ，http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2011-04-06/1051641232.html
「神舟五號實現中國載人航天夢想」，人民網，http://www.people.com.cn/GB/keji/25509/30062/
「神舟十號開啟中國載人航太應用時代」，新華網，2013年6月11 日，http://zhuanti.spacechina.com/n424272/n424280/c444433/content.html

英文部份
1. Official Documents
(1)United States
“Joint Functional Component Command Space and Global Strike,” JFCC SGS CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS, May 6, 2005, http://www.nukestrat.com/us/stratcom/JFCC-SGS-CONOPS_050605.pdf.

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Joint Publication (JP) 1-02, Nov. 8, 2010, as amended through 15 December 2012, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/doctrine.htm.
Department of Defense, Office of General Counsel, An Assessment of International Legal Issues in Information Operations, May 1999, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dod-io-legal/dod-io-legal.pdf

Annual Report to Congress, Military Power of the People’ s Republic of China 2007 (US: Department of Defense, May 31, 2007).
Counterspace operations, US Air Force Doctrine Document 2-2.1(AFDD-2-2.1) (Washington DC: HQ Air Force Doctrine Command, Aug. 2, 2004), http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afdd2_2_1.pdf.
Department of Defense Directive 3100.10, July 9, 1999, http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/defense/d310010p.htm
Joint Air Power Competence Centre, Filling the Vacuum--A Framework for a NATO Space Policy (US: JAPCC, June 2012).
National Security Space Strategy Unclassified Summary (US: Department of Defense, Jan. 2011).
Operations and Organization US Air Force Doctrine Document 2(AFDD-2) (Washington DC: HQ Air Force Doctrine Command, April 3, 2007).
Space Operations, US Air Force Doctrine Document 2-2(AFDD-2-2) (Washington DC: HQ Air Force Doctrine Command, Aug. 23, 1988).
Space Operations, US Air Force Doctrine Document 2-2(AFDD-2-2) (Washington DC: HQ Air Force Doctrine Command , November 27, 2001), http://usafaspace.tripod.com/other/AFDD_2_2_11_01.pdf.
Space Operations, Joint Publication 3-14 (Washington DC: US Joint Chiefs of Staff, Aug. 9, 2002).
Space Operations, Joint Publication 3-14 (Washington DC: US Joint Chiefs of Staff, Jan. 6, 2009).
The U.S. Air Force Transformation Flight Plan 2004 (Washington DC: HQ USAF/XPXC, Future Concepts and Transformation Division, July 2004).
Vision for 2020 (USSPACECOM, Feb. 1997), http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usspac/visbook.pdf.
Woolf, Amy F., “Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues,” Congressional Research Service, April 26, 2013, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R41464.pdf.
(2)EU
“Revised Draft International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities,” http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/1696642/12_06_05_coc_space_eu_revised_draft_working__document.pdf.
(3)United Nations and other Organizations
A/RES/1348(XIII). “Question of the Peaceful Use of Outer Space,” Dec. 13, 1958, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/1348(XIII)&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION.A/RES/43/78H.‘‘Guidelines for Confidence-Building Measures,’’ Dec. 7 ,1988.
A/RES/1962(XVIII). “Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,” Dec. 13, 1963, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/1962(XVIII)&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION.A/RES/60/66.“Transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities,” http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/gares/ARES_60_066E.pdf.
A/RES/2222(XXI). “Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” UNOOSA, Dec. 19, 1966, http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_21_2222.html.
A/RES/2777 (XXVI).“Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects,” UNOOSA, Nov. 29, 1971, http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_26_2777.html.
A/RES/3235 (XXIX).“Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space,” UNOOSA, Nov. 12, 1974, http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_29_3235.html.
A/RES/34/68. “The Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” UNOOSA, Dec. 5, 1979, http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/treaties.html.
A/RES/62/114/Add.1. “Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities,” Sep. 17, 2007, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/62/114&Lang=E
A/RES/65/68.“Transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities,” Jan. 13, 2011, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/65/68

RES S-10/2. ‘‘Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,’’ Resolution adopted on the Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Tenth Special Session, June 30, 1978.

CD/1606. “Working paper: China's position on and suggestions for addressing PAROS at the CD,” Feb. 9, 2000.
CD/1645. “China: Possible elements of the future international legal instrument on PAROS,” June 6, 2001.
CD/1679. “China and Russia: Possible elements of the future international legal instrument on the prevention of deployment of weapons in outer space, the threat or use of force against outer space objects,” June 28, 2002.
CD/1680. “USA: text of the remarks made at an informal conference on "Future security in pscae: commercial, military and arms control trade-offs,” July 10, 2002.
CD/1779. “The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation working paper: definition issues regarding legal instruments on the prevention of the weaponization of outer space,” May 22, 2006.
CD/1815. “Canada: "Transparency and confidence building measures in outer space",” Feb. 20, 2007.
CD/1818. “Russia and China: revised and amended compilation of comments and suggestions to CD/1679,” Mar. 14, 2007.
CD/1847. “Analysis of a Draft Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, or the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects,” Aug. 26, 2008.
CD/1865. “Canada: draft transparency and confidence building measures and treaty proposals for space security,” June 5, 2009.
CD/1872. “LETTER DATED 18 AUGUST 2009 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF CHINA AND THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO THE CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE CONFERENCE TRANSMITTING ANSWERS TO THE PRINCIPAL QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT “TREATY ON PREVENTION OF THE PLACEMENT OF WEAPONS IN OUTER SPACE AND OF THE THREAT OR USE OF FORCE AGAINST OUTER SPACE OBJECTS (PPWT)” INTRODUCED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA AND ISSUED AS DOCUMENT CD/1839 DATED 29 FEBRUARY 2008,” Aug. 18, 2009.

“Celebrating the Space Age: 50 Years of Space Technology, 40 Years of the Outer Space Treaty,” Conference Report, 2–3 April 2007 , UNIDIR, http://www.unidir.org/programmes/emerging-security-threats/celebrating-the-space-age-50-years-of-space-technology-40-years-of-the-outer-space-treaty
“IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines, IADC-02-01,” Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, http://www.iadc-online.org/index.cgi?item=docs_pub .
“The Antarctic Treaty,” Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm.

Space Security 2009: Moving towards a Safer Space Environment (Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Conference Report 15-16 June 2009), http://www.thesimonsfoundation.ca/resources/space-security-2009-moving-towards-safer-space-environment
Study on the Application of Confidence-building Measures in Outer Space (UN: Center for Disarmament Affairs Report of the Secretary– General, 1994), http://www.un.org/disarmament/HomePage/ODAPublications/DisarmamentStudySeries/PDF/SS-27.pdf.

Hitchens, Theresa, “Russian - Chinese space - weapons-ban proposal: a critique,” Security in space: the next generation e conference report, 31 March- 1 April 2008, UNIDIR, 2008.
Koplow, David, ‘‘International Legal Standard and the Weaponization of Outer Space,’’ Security in Space: the Next Generation—Conference Report, 31 March – 1 April 2008, UNIDIR, 2008.
Makarov, Andrey, “Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures: Their Place and Role in Space Security,” Security in Space: the Next Generation—Conference Report, 31 March – 1 April 2008, UNIDIR, 2008.
Peter, Nicolas, “Space Policy, Issues and Trends in 2006/2007,” ESPI European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Report 6, Sep. 2007.
Vasiliev, Anton V., Alexander A. Klapovsky, “Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space,” Building the Architecture for Sustainable Space Security—Conference Report,30- 31 March 2006, UNIDIR, 2006.
Zhai, Yucheng, ‘‘Legal Approach to Common Security in Outer Space: An Examination of Solutions to Outer Space Weaponization Issue,’’ Safeguarding Space Security: Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space—Conference Report, March 21-22, 2005, UNIDIR, 2006.
2. Books
"Peaceful" and Military Uses of Outer Space: Law and Policy (Montreal, Canada: Institute of Air and Space Law, Faculty of Law, Mcgill University, Feb. 2005), http://www.e-parl.net/pages/space_hearing_images/BackgroundPaper%20McGill%20Outer%20Space%20Uses.pdf.
Rebuilding America’s Defense-- Strategy, Forces and Resources For a New Century (Washington, D.C.: The Project for the New American Century, Sep. 2000)
Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (Vienna: United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, 2010), http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/publications/st_space_49E.pdf.
Space Security Index 2011 (Waterloo: Spacesecurity.org, August 2011), http://swfound.org/media/93629/SSI_FullReport_2011.pdf.
Space Security Index 2012 (Waterloo: Spacesecurity.org, Sep. 2012), http://swfound.org/media/93632/SSI_FullReport_2012.pdf.
United Nations Treaties and Principles on Outer Space (New York: United Nations, 2002), http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/publications/STSPACE11E.pdf.

Brownlie, Ian, International Law and the Use of Force by States (Oxford Caredon Press, 1963).
Brünner, Christian, Alexander Soucek (eds.), Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law (Vienna: Springer, 2011).
Bull, Hedley, The Control of the Arms Race: Disarmament and Arms Control in the Missile Age (New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, 1961).
Chapman, Albert, Bert Chapman, Space Warfare and Defense –A Historical Encyclopedia and Research Guide (ABL-LLIO, 2008).
Douhet, Giulio, Command of the Air (USAF Warrior Studies) (Office of Air Force History, United States Government Printing Office, June 1983).
Dunoff, Jeffrey L., Steven R. Ratner, David Wippman, International Law: Norms, Actors, Process ( Second Edition ) (Aspen Law & Business Publishers, 2006).
Gallagher, Nancy, and John D. Steinbruner, Reconsidering the Rules for Space Security (Cambridge MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2008), http://www.cissm.umd.edu/papers/files/spacesecuritymonograph.pdf.
Graham, Daniel Orrin, High Frontier: A New National Strategy (Washington DC: High Frontier, 1982).
Hagt, Eric D., Chinese Military Modernization and Its Impact on the United States and the Asia-Pacific (US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Washington, DC, March 30, 2007), http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/EricHagtCongressionalTestimony.pdf.
Hoversten, Michael R., The law governing aerospace warfare in the twenty-first century (Montreal, Quebec: Institute of Air and Space Law, Faculty of Law, Mcgill University, July 2000).
Johnson, Dana J., Scott Pace, C. Bryan Gabbard, Space: Emerging Options for National Power (RAND Coporation, 1998).
Johnson-Freese, Joan, Space as a Strategic Asset（New York: Columbia University Press, 2007）.
Kan, Shirley, China’s Anti-Satellite Weapon Test (Washington D.C.: CRS Report to Congress, Apr. 23, 2007), http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22652.pdf.
Keohane, Robert O., After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984).
Kiselycznyk, Michael, and Phillip C. Saunders, Assessing Chinese Military Transparency (Washington D.C.: National Defense University Press, June 2010).
Klein, John J., SpaceWarfare: Strategy, Principles and Policy (New York: Routledge, 2006).
Lele, Ajey (ed.), Decoding the International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities (New Delhi: Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses, 2012).
Lupton, David E., On Space Warfare –A Space Power Doctrine (Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press, June 1988).
MacDonald, Bruce W., China, Space Weapons, and U.S. Security (Council on Foreign Relations Press, Sep. 2008).
Mowthorpe, Matthew, The militarization and weaponization of space (New York: Lexington, 2004).
Pekkanen, Saadia M., and Paul Kallender-Umezu, In Defense of Japan From the Market to the Military in Space Policy (CA: Stanford University Press, 2010).
Pelton, Joseph, Ram Jakhu, Space Safety Regulations and Standards (Butterworth Heinemann, Sep. 2010)
Podvig, Pavel, and Hui Zhang, Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space (Cambridge: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2008), http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18178/russian_and_chinese_responses_to_us_military_plans_in_space.html
Reisman,W. Michael, Chris T. Antoniou, The Laws of War (New York: Vintage Books, 1994).
Robinson, Jana, The Role of Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Advancing Space Security (Vienna:European Space Policy Institute, Sep. 2010), http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?id=124827
Robinson, Jana, Matthew Paul Schaefer, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Frans von der Dunk, Prospects for Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Space (Vienna: European Space Policy Institute, Sep. 2010), http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?id=124817&lng=en
Sauvain, Philip, Themes of the Twentieth Century (Delta Place: Stanley Thornes Ltd., 1996).
Stares, Paul B., Space and National Security (Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1987).
Thornton, Rod, Asymmetric Warfare (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).
Vermeer, Arjen, The laws of war in outer space : some legal implications for the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello of the militarisation and weaponisation of outer space (Genève: Centre universitaire de droit international humanitaire, 2006).
Wassenbergh, H A, Principles of Outer Space in Hindsight (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991).
Waltz, Kenneth N., Theory of International Relations (New York: Random House, 1979).
3. The Collection of the Theses
Cheng, Jingye, “Treaties As An Approach to Reducing Space Vulnerabilities,” in James Clay Moltz, ed., Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-offs (UK: The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies).
Cooper, John Cobb, “Fundamental Questions of Outer Space Law,” in Francis Lyall, Pual B. Larsen eds., Space Law (Ashgate Publishing Limited).
Dean, Jonathan, “Defense in space: treaty issues,” in James Clay Moltz, ed., Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-offs (UK: The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies).
Gabrynowicz, J. I., “The "Province" and "Heritage" of Mankind Reconsidered: A New Beginning,” The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, Edited by W. W. Mendell, NASA Conference Publication 3166, (1992), pp. 691-695.
Hitchens, Theresa, “Space Weapons: More Security or Less？,” in James Clay Moltz, ed., Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-offs (UK: The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies).
McDougall, Robert, Phillip J. Baines, “Military approaches to space vulnerability: seven questions,” in James Clay Moltz, ed., Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-offs (UK: The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies).
Meier, Oliver, “Verification Regimes,” in Lester Kurtz ed., Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Second Edition) (Elsevier Inc, 2008), pp. 2251-2261.
Meyer, Alex, “Legal Problems of Outer Space,” in Francis Lyall, Pual B. Larsen eds., Space Law (Ashgate Publishing Limited)
Mutschler, Max M., “Preventive Arms Control in Space: Breaking the Deadlock,” Paper presented at ECPR-SGIR 7TH Pan-European International Relations Conference, Sep. 9-11, 2010.
Neuneck, Gotz, “China’s ASAT test—A warning shot or the beginning of an arms race in space？,” The Yearbook on Space Policy 2006/2007 (Springer Vienna, 2008), pp. 211-224.
Pasco, Xavier, “Controlling the freedom of using space: the White House Space Policy dilemma,” Yearbook on Space Policy 2006/2007 (Springer Vienna, 2008), pp. 197-210.
Pictet, Jean, “The Principles of International Humanitarian Law,” Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law (Geneva: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985).
Primack, Joel R., “Debris and future of space activities,” in James Clay Moltz, ed., Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-offs (UK: The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies).
Schmitt, Michael N., “International Law and Military Operations in Space,” in Armin von Bogdandy, Rudiger Wolfrum ed., Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brull N.V., 2006), pp. 89-125.
Suzuki, Kazuto, “Basic law for space activities: A new space policy for Japan for the 21st century,” The Yearbook on Space Policy 2006/2007 (Springer Vienna, 2008), pp. 225-238.
West, Jessica, “Next Generation Space Security Challenges,” Security in space: the next generation e conference report, 31 March- 1 April 2008 (UNIDIR, 2008).
Wolff, Johannes M., “ ‘Peaceful uses’ of outer space has permitted its militarization—does it also mean its weaponization?,” Making Space for Security (Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR, 2003), pp. 5-13.
Wulf, Herbert, ‘‘Transparency in armaments and other confidence-building measures,’’ in:Goldblat, J. (ed.), Nuclear Disarmament: Obstacles to Banishing the Bomb (New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2000).
4. Journals
Abbott, Kenneth W., and Duncan Snidal, “Hard and Soft Law in International Governance,” International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 421– 456.
Anderson, Douglas S., “A Military Look into Space: The Ultimate High Ground,” Army Lawyer, No. 276 (Nov. 1995), pp. 19- 29.
Baines, Philip J., and Adam Cote, “Promising confidence - and security - building measures for space security,” Disarmament Forum, No. 4 (2009), pp. 5- 16, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=110534
Ball, Carolyn, “What is transparency？,” Public Integrity, Vol. 11, No. 4 (2009), pp. 293- 308.
Bao, Shixiu, “Deterrence Revisited: Outer Space,” China Security (Winter 2007), pp. 2- 11.
Baseley-Walker, Ben, “Outer space, Geneva and the Conference on Disarmament: Future directions,” Space Policy, Vol. 28 (2012), pp. 45- 49.
Bellflower, John W., “The Influence of Law on Command of Space,” Air Force Law Review, Vol. 65 (2010), pp. 107- 144.
Bini, Antonella, “The Moon Agreement in the 21st Century,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 67 (2010), pp. 496-501.
Blazejewski, Kenneth S., “Space Weaponization and US-China Relations,” Strategic Studies Quarterly (Spring 2008), pp. 33- 55.
Bourbonnier, Michel, Ricky J. Lee, “Legality of the Deployment of Conventional Weapons in Earth Orbit: Balancing Space Law and the Law of Armed Conflict,” European Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, No. 5 (2007), pp. 873- 901.
Brachet, Gerard, Xavier Pasco, “The 2010 US Space policy: A view from Europe,” Space Policy, Vol. 27 (2011), pp. 11- 14.
Brachet, Gerard, Bernard Deloffre, “Space for defence: A European vision,” Space Policy, Vol. 22 (2006), pp. 92- 99.
Brisibe, Tare C., “Customary International Law, Arms Control and the Environment in Outer Space,” Chinese Journal of International Law, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2009), pp. 375– 393.
Brown, Davis, “A Proposal for an International Convention To Regulate the Use of Information Systems in Armed Conflict,” Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Winter 2006), pp. 179- 221.
Brown, Trevor, “Soft Power and Space Weaponization,” Air and Space Power Journal, Spring 2009, pp. 66- 72 .
Bugnion, François, “Just war, war of aggression and international humanitarian law,” International Review of the Red Cross, No. 847 (30-09-2002), pp. 523- 546.
Burzykowska, Anna, “Smaller states and the new balance of power in space,” Space Policy, Vol. 25 (2009), pp. 187- 192.
Cheng, Bin, “The Legal Status of Outer Space and Relevant Issues: Delimitation of Outer Space and Definition of Peaceful Use,” Journal of Space Law, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1983), pp. 89- 105.
Cheng, Bin, “The Legal Regime of Airspace and Outer Space: The Boundary Problem -Functionalism versus Spatialism: The Major Premises,” Annals of Air and Space Law(AASL), Vol. 5 (1980), pp. 322- 345.
Contant-Jorgenson, Corinne, Petr Lála, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, “The IAA Cosmic Study on space traffic management,” Space Policy, Vol. 22 (2006), pp. 283- 288.
DeBlois, Bruce M., Richard L. Garwin, R. Scott Kemp and Jeremy C. Marwell, “Space Weapons: Crossing the U.S. Rubicon,” International Security, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Autumn 2004), pp. 50- 84.
Englehart, Alex B., “Common Ground in the Sky: Extending the 1967 Outer Space Treaty to Reconcile U.S. and Chinese Security Interests,” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2008), pp. 133- 156.
Estes III, Howell M., “Space: Fourth Medium of Military Operations,” Defense Issues, Vol. 11, No. 98, http://www.defense.gov/Speeches/Speech.aspx?SpeechID=883.
Frey, Adam E., “Defense of US Space Assets : A Legal Perspective,” Air & Space Power Journal (Winter 2008), pp. 75- 85.
Fuchter, Keny, “China’s Military Space Strategy,” Royal Air Force Air Power Review, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Summer 2009), pp. 52- 75.
Fukushima, Yasuhito, “An Asian perspective on the new US space policy: The emphasis on international cooperation and its relevance to Asia,” Space Policy, Vol. 27 (2011), pp. 3- 6.
Gill, Bates, and Martin Kleiber, “China's Space Odyssey: What the Antisatellite Test Reveals About Decision-Making in Beijing,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, Iss. 3 (May/June 2007), pp. 2- 6.
Gleeson, Patrick K., “Perspectives on Space Operations,” Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics & Policy, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2007), pp. 145- 172.
Goh, Gerardine Meishan, “Keeping the peace in outer space: a legal framework for the prohibition of the use of force,” Space policy, Vol. 20, Iss. 4 (2004), pp. 259– 278.
Gunasekara, Surya Gablin, “Mutually assured destruction: space weapons, orbital debris, and the deterrence theory for environmental sustainability,” Air and Space Law, Vol. 37 (2012), pp. 141- 164.
Hagt, Eric D., “China’s ASAT Test: Strategic Response,” China Security (Washington, D.C.), Vol. 3, No. 4 (2007), pp. 31- 51.
Hardesty, David C., “Space-Based Weapons: Long-Term Strategic Implications and Alternatives,” Naval War College Review, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 45- 68.
Harris, Alexandra, Ray Harris, “The need for air space and outer space demarcation,” Space Policy, Vol. 22 (2006), pp. 3- 7.
Hattrup, Carol, and Elizabeth Waldrop, “Space Law: Past, Present, and Future,” High Frontier, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 2004), pp. 21- 28.
Hays, Peter L., Charles D. Lutes, “Towards a Theory of Spacepower,” Space Policy, Vol. 23 (2007), pp. 206- 207.
Hitchens, Theresa, “Safeguarding Space: Building Cooperative Norms to Dampen Negative Trends,” Disarmament Diplomacy, No. 81 (Winter 2005), pp. 57- 63.
Holst, John Jorgen, “Confidence-Building Measures: A Conceptual Framework,” Survival, Vol. 25, No. 1 (January/February 1983), pp. 2- 15.
Huang, Jia, “New Challenges to the Traditional Principles of the Law of War Presented by Information Operations in Outer Space,” Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 2, No. 1 (March 2009), pp. 39- 43.
Hughes, William J., “Aerial Intrusions By Civil Airliner And The Use of Force,” Journal of Air and Commerce (1980), pp. 595- 620.
Hyten, John, Robert Uy, “Moral and Ethical Decisions Regarding Space Warfare Space Power in Joint Operations,” Air & Space Power Journal (Summer 2004), pp. 51-60.
Imburgia, Joseph S., ““ Bloodless Weapons” The Need to Conduct Legal Reviews of Certain Capabilities and the Implication of Defining Them as“Weapon”,” The Air Force law Review, Vol. 66 (2010), pp. 157- 192.
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Schmitt, Michael N., “International Law and Military Operations in Space,” http://www.mpil.de/files/pdf3/04_schmittii1.pdf.
Selding, Peter B. de, ‘‘U.S. Endorses Idea of Space Code of Conduct—With National Security Caveat,’’ Space News, January 18, 2012, http://www.spacenews.com/policy/120118-us-endorses-spacecode.html.
Shachtman, Noah, “Pentagon Preps for War in Space,” Wired News, Feb. 20, 2004, http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/02/62358?currentPage.
Stokes, Mark A., Dean Cheng, “China’s Evolving Space Capabilities: Implications for US Interests,” Project 2049 Institute, April 26, 2012, http://www.uscc.gov/Research/chinas-evolving-space-capabilities-implications-us-interests
Suzuki, Kazuto, “Space Code of Conduct: A Japanese perspective,” Observer Research Foundation, July 25, 2012, http://www.orfonline.com/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/analysis/AnalysisDetail.html?cmaid=40030&mmacmaid=40031
Tannenwald, Nina, “Law Versus Power on the High Frontier: The Case for a Rule-Based Regime for Outer Space,” pp. 1- 56, http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/7902/1/tannenwald.pdf.
Tellis, Ashley J., “Punching the U.S. Military’s ‘Soft Ribs’: China’s Antisatellite Weapon Test in Strategic Perspective,” Policy Brief, No. 51 (June 2007), http://carnegieendowment.org/files/pb_51_tellis_final.pdf.
Tyson, Rhianna, “Avenue for Progress,” Advancing a Cooperative Security Regime in Outer Space (Policy Brief of Global Security Institute), http://gsinstitute.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/gsi/pubs/05_07_space_brief.pdf.
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6. Media
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“Chinese anti-satellite test sparks concern: U.S. and other countries react to reports about orbital weapon,” NBC NEWS, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16689558/

Dyomkin, Denis,“Putin says Russia to launch first manned space flight from its soil in 2018,” Reuters, April 12, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/12/us-russia-space-idUSBRE93B0HZ20130412
Gertz, Bill, “New space-arms control initiative draws concern,” The Washington Times, January 16, 2012, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jan/16/new-space-arms-control-initiative-draws-concern/?page=all.
Smith, Jack A, “The Next War, And The Next Part 2, The militarization of outer space,” Asia Times, March 10, 2007, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/IC10Aa01.html.
Weiner, Tim, “Air Force Seeks Bush's Approval for Space Weapons Programs,” The New York Times, May 18, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/18/business/18space.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0
Wirbel, Loring, “U.S.‘negation’policy in space raises concerns abroad,” EE Times, May 22, 2003, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article3509.htm.

日文部份
一、書籍
宇宙空間における軍備管理問題 (東京: 財団法人日本国際問題研究所軍縮・不拡散促進センター，平成20年3月)
新たな宇宙環境と軍備管理を含めた宇宙利用の規制 (東京: 財団法人日本国際問題研究所軍縮・不拡散促進センター，平成22年3月)
二、期刊
橋本靖明，宇宙基本法の成立 －日本の宇宙安保政策，防衛研究所ニュース，2008年7月号，頁1-4.
三、網路資料
宇宙開発戦略本部，日本首相官邸，http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/utyuu/
青木節子，宇宙の軍事利用を規律する国際法の現状と課題，慶應義塾大学総合政策学ワーキングペーパーシリーズ，No.67，2005 年4 月，頁1-34. http://coe21-policy.sfc.keio.ac.jp/ja/wp/WP67.pdf
橋本靖明，宇宙基本法の成立 －日本の宇宙安保政策，防衛研究所ニュース，2008年7月号，頁1-4. http://www.nids.go.jp/publication/briefing/pdf/2008/briefing722.pdf
四、媒體資料
日本の「レーダー4号機」本格運用、衛星による情報収集能力を強化―中国メディア, Yahoo!ニュース,2013年4月30日, http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20130430-00000021-rcdc-cn
米、実験目的の説明要求　中国の「観測ロケット」　対衛星兵器を警戒, MSN産経ニュース,2013,5,18, http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/news/130518/chn13051816090004-n1.htm