研究生: |
陳麗雅 Chen, Li-Ya |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
未婚伴侶的穩定關係及其發展之探究 A Study of Nonmarital Romantic Relationship Stability and Development |
指導教授: |
林繼偉
Lin, Chi-Wei 田秀蘭 Tien, Hsiu-Lan |
口試委員: |
王玉珍
Wang, Yu-Jen 刑志彬 Hsing, Chih-Bin 林繼偉 Lin, Chi-Wei 田秀蘭 Tien, Hsiu-Lan |
口試日期: | 2022/03/04 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 95 |
中文關鍵詞: | 未婚伴侶 、穩定關係 、詮釋現象學 、關係發展 |
英文關鍵詞: | nonmarital romantic relationship, relationship stability, hermeneutic phenomenology, relationship development |
研究方法: | 深度訪談法 、 半結構式訪談法 、 詮釋現象學分析 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200419 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:225 下載:38 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究以詮釋現象學方法,探討未婚伴侶在親密關係中對穩定關係的知覺與詮釋,及其對關係的影響與穩定關係發展經驗之內涵。研究者採取半結構個別深度訪談法與六位受訪者進行訪談,並以其描述的親密關係經驗作為分析文本,形成個別置身經驗結構與普遍經驗結構。
研究結果發現,一段穩定關係的開展起始於人們投入關係前的「渴望與預備」。隨著逐漸認識至「相互理解的達成」,人們從中經驗到穩定關係的知覺,包括可預測且永續的「安適自在」,「愛的投入」以及對關係的認同。受訪者們也將穩定關係形容為「家」的意象,是一個內心安身立命的所在,亦是外在現實實在的歸所。研究者進一步探討穩定關係的知覺與詮釋對親密關係發展上的影響,歸納出「互助關照的催化」、「人生伴侶的認同」、「人際生活圈的共享」此三項重要主題,說明穩定知覺與詮釋的催化作用,有助於促進親密關係中的伴侶從個人、關係至環境相互擴展,直至形成一個擁有高度關係認同與共識的穩定單位。最後,穩定關係發展的經驗以「相互理解的投契」、「從差異轉化為互補的嵌合歷程」以及「互為主體的實踐」等發展歷程作示現。研究者綜合先前文獻與研究結果作進一步討論,並獲得「穩定關係的核心內涵:理解與悅納」、「互賴關係的建構」、「穩定關係發展的歷程:責任的覺察與行動」等發現,亦從個人、關係、社會環境等面向思索「穩定關係發展的挑戰」。
Using hermeneutic phenomenology as a methodology, this study aimed to shed light on the perception and interpretation of relationship stability by individuals and couples in nonmarital romantic relationships. Furthermore, how these senses of relationship stability influenced their relationships, and the experience of development of relationship stability were discussed.
The researcher interviewed six participants using a semi-structured individual in-depth interview method, and used their descriptions of intimate relationship experiences as analytical texts to form their situated structures and a general structure.
The result of this study suggested that the development of relationship stability begins with people's “desire and readiness” before entering relationships. As they get to know each other better and achieve “fulfillment of mutual understanding,” this also enables them to experience the perception of stability, including the predictable and sustainable “security and well-being”, “love engagement”, and relationship identity. Moreover, participants described relationship stability as the “existence and subsistence of home”, a dependable foundation for them to entrust their spirits to, and a concrete base to nestle themselves in. The researcher further explored the impact of the perception and interpretation of stable relationships on the development of intimate relationships, and concluded three important themes: facilitating reciprocity, identifying life partners, and communing interpersonal living spheres. These results indicated that the perceptions and interpretations of relationship stability have a positive role as catalysts to facilitate participants creating a stable unit with high level of relationship identity and consensus from the aspects of individual, dyadic and social environment. Lastly, the experience of developing relationship stability was demonstrated through the process of “achieving the rapport of mutual understanding”, “channeling differences into complementary acceptance”, and “establishing intersubjectivity”. The researcher integrated previous literature to elaborate on the results of this study, and obtained the findings of “the core value of a relationship stability: understanding and embracing differences”, “construction of interdependence”, and “process of developing relationship stability: Reflection and action of responsibility”. In addition, the researcher considered “challenges of developing relationship stability” from the perspectives of individual, relationships, and social environments.
內政部戶政司(2020):《結婚對數及粗結婚率(按登記)》。
https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346 [Department of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. (2020). Marriages, divorces, and crude marriage and divorce rates by order of marriage, and sex for counties and cities.
https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346]
內政部戶政司(2021):《結婚對數及粗結婚率(按登記)》。
https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346 [Department of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. (2021). Marriages, divorces, and crude marriage and divorce rates by order of marriage, and sex for counties and cities.
https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346]
弗洛姆(2015):《逃避自由:透視現代人最深的孤獨與恐懼》(劉宗為譯)。木馬文化。(原著出版年:1941)[Fromm, E. (2015). Escape from freedom (Z.-W. Liu Trans.) ECUS Publishing House. (Original work published 1941)]
汪文聖(2001):〈現象學方法與理論之反思:一個質性方法之介紹〉。《應用心理研究》,12,49–76。[Wang, W.-S. (2001). A reflection on the phenomenological method and theory: Introduction to a qualitative method. Research in Applied Psychology, 12, 49–76.]
亞隆(2015):《存在主义心理治疗》(黄峥、张怡玲、沈东郁譯)。商務印書館。(原著出版年:1980)[ Yalom, I. D. (2015). Existential psychotherapy (C. Huang, Y.-L. Chang, & D.-Y. Shen, Trans.) The Commercial Press. (Original work published 1980)]
李維倫(2004):〈以置身所在做為心理學研究的目標現象及其相關之方法論〉。《應用心理研究》,22,157–200。[Lee, W.-L. (2004). Situatedness as a target phenomenon for psychological research and the related methodology. Research in Applied Psychology, 22, 157–200.]
李維倫、賴憶嫺(2009):〈現象學方法論:存在行動的投入〉。《中華輔導與諮商學報》,25,275–321。[Lee, W.-L., & Lai, Y.-H. (2009). Phenomenological methodology as an existential move. Chinese Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 25, 275–321.] https://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.200903.0275
吳麗珍、黃惠滿、李浩銑(2014):〈方便取樣和立意取樣之比較〉。《護理雜誌》,61,105–111。[Wu, L.-J., Huang, H.-M., & Lee, H.-H. (2014). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The Journal of Nursing, 61, 105–111.]
https://doi.org/10.6224%2fJN.61.3.105
卓紋君(2000):〈從兩性關係發展模式談兩性親密關係的分與合(上)〉。《諮商與輔導》,174,25–29。[Zhuo, W.-J. (2000). Discussion of dissolution and union of hetero-sexual relationships from the perspective of relationship development model. Counseling & Guidance, 174, 25–29.]
https://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200006.0002
卓紋君(2000):〈從兩性關係發展模式談兩性親密關係的分與合(下)〉。《諮商與輔導》,175,19–23。[Zhuo, W.-J. (2000). Discussion of dissolution and union of hetero-sexual relationships from the perspective of relationship development model. Counseling & Guidance, 175, 19–23.]
https://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200007.0002
高淑清(2008a):《質性研究的18堂課首航初探之旅》。麗文文化。[Kao, S.-Q. (2008a). Zhixing yanjiu de 18 tang ke: shouhang chutan zhi lu. Li-Wen.]
高淑清(2008b):《質性研究的18堂課揚帆再訪之旅》。麗文文化。[Kao, S.-Q. (2008b). Zhixing yanjiu de 18 tang ke: yangfan zaifang zhi lu. Li-Wen.]
孫頌賢(2019):〈愛情練習曲:未婚伴侶在情緒取向伴侶諮商的經驗研究〉。《應用心理研究》,71,137–181。[Sun, S.-H. (2019). The experiences of emotionally focused couple therapy for unmarried couples. Research in Applied Psychology, 71, 137–181.]
https://doi.org/10.3966/156092512019120071005
孫頌賢、李宜玫(2011):〈約會伴侶的愛情動機導向與愛情依戀系統之關聯性研究〉。《家庭教育與諮商學刊》,10,95–110。[Sun, S.-H., & Lee, Y.-M. (2011). The correlation between motivational orientation and romantic attachment system with dating couples. Journal of Family Education and Counseling, 10, 95–110.]
https://doi.org.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/10.6472%2fJFEC.201106.0095
鈕文英(2014):《質性研究方法與論文寫作》。雙葉書廊。[Niu,W.-Y.(2014). Zhixing yanjiu fangfa yu lunwen xiezuo. Yeh-Yeh.]
畢恒達(1995):〈生活經驗研究的反省:詮釋學的觀點〉。《本土心理學研究》,4, 224–259。[Bih, H.-D. (1995). Reflection: Study of life experience. A hermeneutical approach. Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, 4, 224–259.]
https://doi.org/10.6254%2f1995.4.224
趙淑珠(2005):〈從獨舞到雙人舞〉。《應用心理研究》,25, 1–3。[Chao, S-C. (2005). From solo to tango. Research in Applied Psychology, 25, 1–3.]
謝文宜(2006):〈為什麼結婚:國內將婚伴侶婚姻承諾考量因素之探討〉。《中華輔導學報》,20,51–82。[Shieh, W.-Y. (2006). Why marriage? A study of the commitment influencing factors of engaged couples in Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 20, 51–82.]
https://doi.org/10.7082%2fCARGC.200609.0051
謝文宜、曾秀雲(2007):〈探討伴侶關係滿意度及其相關因素:比較已婚夫妻、未婚情侶與同志伴侶的差異〉。《臺灣性學學刊》,13(1),71–86。[Shieh, W.-Y. & Tzeng, S.-Y. (2007). A comparative study of couple relationship satisfaction & related factors of married couples, heterosexual dating couples and same-sex couples. Formosan Journal of Sexology, 13(1), 71–86.]
https://doi.org/10.6784/FJS.200704.0071
簡庄均(2018):《同居等於婚姻嗎?比較同居與已婚者的快樂程度差異》(未出版碩士論文),國立臺北大學。[Chien, C.-C. (2018). Cohabitation equals marriage? A comparison of relationship quality among cohabitors and marrieds. (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taipei University.]
簡維昌(2010):《不同世代未婚者之同居態度、同居經驗及其婚姻態度之研究》(未出版碩士論文),國立嘉義大學。[Jian, W.-C. (2010). The study on the cohabitation attitude, cohabitation experience and marital attitude of the singles from different generations. (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chiayi University. ]
Agnew, C., Hadden, B., & Tan, K. (2020). Relationship receptivity theory: Timing and interdependent relationships. In L. Machia, C. Agnew, & X. Arriaga (Eds.), Interdependence, interaction, and close relationships (Advances in Personal Relationships, pp. 269–292). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645836.014
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J., & Mitra, D. (2020). Are the features of emerging adulthood developmentally distinctive? A comparison of ages 18–60 in the United States. Emerging Adulthood, 8, 412–419.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818810073
Askham, J. (1976). Identity and stability within the marriage relationship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 535–547.
https://doi.org/10.2307/350422
Ayres, J. (1983). Strategies to maintain relationships: Their identification and perceived usage. Communication Quarterly, 31(1), 62–67.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378309369487
Ayuso, L. (2019). What future awaits couples living apart together (LAT)? The Sociological Review, 67(1), 226–244.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038026118799053
Baxter, L. A. (1990). Dialectical contradictions in relationship development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(1), 69–88.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407590071004
Benjamin, J. (1992). Recognition and destruction. In N. J. Skolnick, & S. C. Warshaw (Eds.), Relational perspectives in psychoanalysis (pp. 43–60). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315792019
Berscheid, E., & Reis, H. T. (1998). Attraction and close relationships. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 193–281). McGraw Hill.
Birnbaum, G. E., & Reis, H. T. (2019). Evolved to be connected: The dynamics of attachment and sex over the course of romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 11–15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.005
Braiker, H. B., & Kelley, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. In R. L. Burgess, & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 135–168). Elsevier.
Brown, B. B. (1999). “You’re going out with who?” Peer group influences on adolescent romantic relationships. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 291–329). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316182185.013
Buber, M. (1970). I and thou (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Charles Scribner’s Sons. (Original work published 1923)
Canary, D. J., & Dainton, M. (2006). Maintaining relationships. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 727–743). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316417867.040
Carter, J., Duncan, S., Stoilova, M., & Phillips, M. (2016). Sex, love and security: Accounts of distance and commitment in living apart together relationships. Sociology, 50, 576–593.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038038515573689
Cate, R. M., Levin, L. A., & Richmond, L. S. (2002). Premarital relationship stability: A review of recent research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, 261–284.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407502192005
Chang, S.-C., & Chan, C.-N. (2007). Perceptions of commitment change during mate selection: The case of Taiwanese newlyweds. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(1), 55–68.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507072583
Dindia, K., & Canary, D. J. (1993). Definitions and theoretical perspectives on maintaining relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10,
163–173.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026540759301000201
Duck, S. (Ed.). (1988). Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions. Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.2307/353456
Duncan, S., Phillips, M., Carter, J., Roseneil, S., & Stoilova, M. (2014). Practices and perceptions of living apart together. Family Science, 5(1), 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2014.927382
Emery, L. F., Gardner, W. L., Carswell, K. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2021). Who are “we”? Couple identity clarity and romantic relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(1), 146–160.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220921717
Erikson, E. H. (1966). Eight ages of man. International Journal of Psychiatry, 2, 281–300.
Fagundes, C. P., & Schindler, I. (2012). Making of romantic attachment bonds: Longitudinal trajectories and implications for relationship stability. Personal Relationships, 19, 723–742.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01389.x
Felmlee, D., Sprecher, S., & Bassin, E. (1990). The dissolution of intimate relationships: A hazard model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53(1), 13–30.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2786866
Fowers, B. J., Montel, K. H., & Olson, D. H. (1996). Predicting marital success for premarital couple types based on PREPARE. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 22(1), 103–119.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1996.tb00190.x
Fromm, E. (1957). The art of loving. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. (Original work published 1956)
Fraley, R. C., & Davis, K. E. (1997). Attachment formation and transfer in young adults' close friendships and romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 131–144.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x
Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1997). Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. In S. Shulman & W. A. Collins (Eds.), Romantic relationships in adolescence: Developmental perspectives (pp. 21–36). Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219977804
Goldsmith, D. (1990). A dialectic perspective on the expression of autonomy and connection in romantic relationships. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 54, 537–556.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10570319009374359
Gottman, J. M., Swanson, C., & Swanson, K. (2002). A general systems theory of marriage: Nonlinear difference equation modeling of marital interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 326–34.
https://doi.org/10.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0604_07
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. (J. Macquarrie, & E. Robinson, Trans.). Harper & Row. (Original work published 1927)
Hirschberger, G., Srivastava, S., Marsh, P., Cowan, C. P., & Cowan, P. A. (2009). Attachment, marital satisfaction, and divorce during the first fifteen years of parenthood. Personal Relationships, 16, 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2009.01230.x
Johnson, M. P. (1991). Commitment to personal relationships. In W. H. Jones, & D. W. Pelman (Eds.), Advance in personal relationships (pp. 117–143). Jessika Kingsley.
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.3
Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J. H., Huston, T. L., Levinger, G., & Peterson, D. R. (1983). Analyzing close relationships. Close relationships (pp. 20–67). Freeman.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 502–512.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.3.502
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (1999). Measuring the sources and content of relational uncertainty. Communication Studies, 50, 261–278.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/10510979909388499
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2002a). Information seeking beyond initial interaction: Negotiating relational uncertainty within close relationships. Human Communication Research, 28, 243–257.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1093/hcr/28.2.243
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2004). Interference and facilitation from partners in the development of interdependence within romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 11, 115–130.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00074.x
Lamidi, E. O., Manning, W. D., & Brown, S. L. (2019). Change in the stability of first premarital cohabitation among women in the United States, 1983-2013. Demography, 56, 427–450.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00765-7
Lantagne, A., & Furman, W. (2017). Romantic relationship development: The interplay between age and relationship length. Developmental Psychology, 53, 1738–1749.
https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000363
Le, B., Dove, N. L., Agnew, C. R., Korn, M. S., & Mutso, A. A. (2010). Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution: A meta‐analytic synthesis. Personal Relationships, 17, 377–390.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01285.x
Lewis, R. A. (1972). A developmental framework for the analysis of premarital dyadic formation. Family Process, 11(1), 17–48.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1972.00017.x
Lewis, R. A. (1973). Social reaction and the formation of dyads: An interactionist approach to mate selection. Sociometry, 36, 409–418.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2786342
Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1997). A leap of faith? Positive illusions in romantic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 586–604.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167297236003
Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1999). The (mental) ties that bind: Cognitive structures that predict relationship resilience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1228–1244.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1228
Rauer, A. J., Pettit, G. S., Lansford, J. E., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2013). Romantic relationship patterns in young adulthood and their developmental antecedents. Developmental Psychology, 49(11), 21–59.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031845
Reiss, I. L. (1960). Toward a sociology of the heterosexual love relationship. Marriage and Family Living, 22, 139–145.
https://doi.org/10.2307/347330
Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2010). Should I stay or should I go? Predicting dating relationship stability from four aspects of commitment. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 543–550.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021008
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172–186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(80)90007-4
Schoebi, D., Pagani, A. F., Luginbuehl, T., & Bradbury, T. N. (2015). Committed to maintain: A brief measure of maintenance-oriented relationship commitment (MORC). Family Science, 6, 160-169.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2015.1082046
Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2003). Testing theories of romantic development from adolescence to young adulthood: Evidence of developmental sequence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 519–531.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000145
Simpson, J. A. (1987). The Dissolution of romantic relationships: Factors involved in relationship stability and emotional distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 683–692.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.683
Sixsmith, J. (1986). The meaning of home: An exploratory study of environmental experience. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 6, 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(86)80002-0
Solomon, D. H., & Theiss, J. A. (2008). A longitudinal test of the relational turbulence model of romantic relationship development. Personal Relationships, 15, 339–357.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2008.00202.x
Solomon, D. H. (2015). Relational turbulence model. In C. R. Berger, & M. E. Roloff (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of interpersonal communication (pp. 1–9). John Wiley & Sons.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic174
Stanley, S. M., Rhoades, G. K., Amato, P. R., Markman, H. J., & Johnson, C. A. (2010).
The timing of cohabitation and engagement: Impact on first and second marriages. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 906–918.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00738.x
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The Social Psychology of Groups. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315135007
White, J. M. (1987). Premarital cohabitation and marital stability in Canada. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 641–647.
https://doi.org/10.2307/352209
Wood, R. G., Avellar, S., & Goesling, B. (2008). Pathways to adulthood and marriage: Teenagers’ attitudes, expectations, and relationship patterns. Mathematica Policy Research.