研究生: |
洪詩萍 Shih-Ping Hung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣電視新聞敘事模式與影音元素分析及教學應用 A Study on Narrative Models and Audiovisual Materials of Taiwan Television News and Pedagogical Applications |
指導教授: | 謝佳玲 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
華語文教學系 Department of Chinese as a Second Language |
論文出版年: | 2014 |
畢業學年度: | 102 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 120 |
中文關鍵詞: | 電視新聞 、敘事模式 、影音元素 、聽力教學 |
英文關鍵詞: | television news, narrative models, audiovisual materials, listening teaching method |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:202 下載:15 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近年來,新聞學研究逐漸走向與敘述學結合的趨勢,學者開始探討新聞文本的敘事結構,然而前人研究關注新聞的個別敘事類目和整體敘事結構,缺乏根據真實新聞語料敘事順序研擬的敘事模式,有鑑於此,本文以台灣有線電視台播出之電視新聞為本,歸納電視新聞的敘事模式。此外,由於電視新聞兼具文字與影像,除了文字敘事模式以外,亦具備影像敘事特質,故本文亦針對電視新聞的影音元素進行分析。
本文以電視新聞台出現頻率最高的生活新聞和娛樂新聞為語料,分析結果顯示台灣電視新聞有主次順敘型、主次倒敘型、交錯敘事型、單一敘事型四種模式,生活新聞較常採用新聞情節和個人評論穿插的交錯敘事型,娛樂新聞則較常採用以情節敘述為主體的主次順序型和主次倒敘型,原因是生活新聞係為記者自行發想的題材,故情節中經常穿插個人或他人評論,娛樂新聞則報導演藝圈的即時事件,故必須詳細陳述情節。
在影音元素方面,兩類新聞因內容取向不同,使用影音元素的頻率亦不同。資訊取向的生活新聞較常使用表格、補充標題、人物拍攝畫面等元素,以呈現大量資訊和提供他人評論;事件取向的娛樂新聞則較常使用圖片和示意影片,作為主要新聞事件的補充說明。
最後,本文根據敘事模式和影音元素的研究結果,提出電視新聞聽力教學的教學建議。教師可於聽前階段教授學生該則新聞的敘事模式,以及有助於理解新聞內容的影音元素,不僅建立先備知識,亦能提高聽力理解程度。
Recently media research has combined with narrative theory. However, past research has put much focus on narrative elements and structure of media language, while research on narrative models based on the narrative order in authentic news material is still limited. This study thus aims to propose narrative models of Taiwan television news through authentic news material and examine how news genre affects the usage of narrative models. The news genre includes living news and entertainment news, which are the most reported genre in Taiwan cable stations.
The results show that there are four narrative models in Taiwan television news: sequential, flashback, alternate and simple narrative. Living news uses alternate narrative more often, whereas entertainment news uses sequential and flashback narrative more often. These differences are due to genre differences. Since reporters explore daily events in living news reports, the content is alternated with main events and reporters’ personal perspectives. On the contrary, entertainment news reports latest events in the entertainment industry; therefore, the content focuses more on telling these events sequentially.
The audiovisual materials analysis also shows the differences between these two genres. Living news which is information-oriented uses forms, supplementary titles and character shots more often to provide more information, while entertainment news which is event-oriented uses pictures and sketch video more often to support the main event.
According to the above findings, this study provides teaching advice for Chinese television news listening. The narrative models can be used as pre-listening activities establishing prior knowledge of news materials, and some of the audiovisual materials which organize information are also helpful for understanding the content of television news. Due to these ways, learners can improve television news listening comprehension.
王文科、王智弘(2011)。教育研究法。台北:五南書局。
王石番(1989)。傳播內容分析法:理論與實證。台北:幼獅文化。
王泰俐(2011)。電視新聞感官主義。台北:五南書局。
牛隆光(2011)。電視新聞報導敘事特徵的論述面向。傳播研究與實踐,1(2),245-268。
牛隆光、林靖芬(2011)。透視電視新聞:實務與研究工作談。台北:學富文化。
古依晴(2012)。傳統媒體新聞之網路消息線索(未出版之碩士論文)。國立體育大學,桃園縣。
朱婉清(2000)。影劇新聞記者的人力變遷與專業素養。「影劇藝文記者新聞質量面面觀研討會」發表之論文,台北。
余少君(2008)。試論三、四○年代巴金長篇小說的敘事結構。東華中國文學研究,6,131-154。
巫宜靜(1998)。台灣新聞標題語言結構之研究與華語文教學(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
李志宏(2008)。明末清初才子佳人小說敘事研究。台北:大安。
李曉琪(2006)。對外漢語聽力研究。北京:商務印書館。
林東泰(2009)。新聞敘事結構有兩種:話語結構與故事結構。「2009年中華傳播學會年會」發表之論文,新竹。
林東泰(2011)。電視新聞敘事結構初探。新聞學研究,(108),225-264。
周慶祥、方怡文(2003)。新聞採訪與寫作。台北:風雲論壇。
徐喜萱(2004)。台灣報章標題隱喻詞彙宏觀分析與外籍生認知度研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
徐筠惠(2011)。財經新聞華語閱讀教材規畫設計(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
徐麗文(2011)。華語電視新聞之教學設計研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
張金蘭(2009)。Podcast在華語文教學上的應用─以高級班電視新聞課程為主所做的研究。中原華語文學報,3,139-160。
張雙英(2012)。論《迷園》的敘事結構及其歷史記憶。淡江中文學報,22,129-154。
張耀仁(2001)。市場導向新聞學之研究:以台灣無線電視台之晚間娛樂新聞為例(未出版之碩士論文)。輔仁大學,新北市。
章英華、杜素豪、廖培珊(2010)。台灣社會變遷基本調查。行政院委託之專題研究成果報告(編號:C00221_1)。台北:行政院。
許芳菁(2003)。華語文報刊閱讀之泛讀輔助教學設計(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
許適欐(2009)。影響電視新聞編輯編排的因素及策略─以24小時新聞台為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。
郭岱軒(2011)。電視新聞敘事研究:以戲劇性元素運用為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。
陳靜雯(2011)。談臺灣電視新聞標題中雙關語的會話含義。華語文教學研究,5(2),157-177。
游美惠(2011)。內容分析、文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用。調查研究,8,5-42。
黃光玉(2006)。說故事打造品牌:一個分析的架構。廣告學研究,(26),1-26。
楊惠元(1996)。漢語聽力說話教學法。北京:北京語言大學出版社。
劉幼琍(1994)。有線電視經營管理與頻道規劃策略。台北:正中書局。
劉頌浩(2008)。漢語聽力教學理論與方法。北京:北京大學出版社。
蔡琰、臧國仁(1999)。新聞敘事結構:再現故事的理論分析。新聞學研究,(58),1-28。
謝佳玲、李家豪(2011)。臺灣電視新聞標題研究與教學啟示。華語文教學研究,8(3),80-115。
Babbie, E. (1998). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co.
Bal, M. (2007). Narratology: Introduction to the theory of narrative. Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press.
Barlett, F. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Baum, M. A. (2002). Sex, lies, and war: How soft news brings foreign policy to the inattentive public. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 91-109.
Bell, A. (1991). The language of news media. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Bell, A. (1998). The discourse structure of news stories. In A. Bell, & P. Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse (pp. 64-104). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Bennett, W. L. (2009). News: The politics of illusion. New York, NY: Pearson Longman.
Berelson, B. (1971). Content Analysis in Communication Research. New York, NY: Hafner.
Booth, W. C. (1961). The rhetoric of fiction. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Brosius, H.-B. (1991). Format effects on comprehension of television news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 68(3), 396-401.
Brosius, H.-B. (1993). The effects of emotional pictures in television news. Communication Research, 20(1), 105-124.
Bryant, J., & Thompson, S. (2002). Fundamentals of media effects. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Chatman, S. (1978). Story and discourse: Narrative structure in fiction and film. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Cohan, S., & Shires, L. M. (2003). Telling story: The theoretical analysis of narrative fiction. London, England: Routledge.
Curran, J., Salovaara-Moring, I., Cohen, S., & Iyengar, S. (2010). Crime, foreigners and hard news: A cross-national comparison of reporting and public perception. Journalism, 11(1), 3-19.
Ekström, M. (2002). Epistemologies of TV journalism: A theoretical framework. Journalism, 3(3), 259-282.
Escalas, J. E. (1998). Advertising narratives: What are they and how do they work?. In B. B. Stern (Ed.), Representing consumers: Voices, views, and visions (pp. 267-289). London, England: Routledge.
Escalas, J. E. (2004). Narrative processing: Building consumer connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(1-2), 168-180.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and text: Linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse. Discourse & Society, 3(2), 193-217.
Findahl, O., & Höijera, B. (1985). Some characteristics of news memory and comprehension. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29(4), 379-396.
Fulton, H., Huisman, R., Murphet, J., & Dunn, A. (2005). Narrative and media. London, England: Cambridge University Press.
González, M. (2009). Narrative clause organization of Catalan and English storytelling. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(3), 540-563.
Graber, D. A. (1990). Seeing is remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 40(3), 134-156.
Klijn, M. E. (2003). Attention-getting and comprehension-raising attributes in visuals in Dutch and American, public and private television news about violence. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47(1), 124-144.
Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city: Studies in the black English vernacular. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Labov, W., & Waletzky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In J. Helm (Ed.), Essays on the verbal and visual arts (pp. 12-44). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
McQuail, D. (2005). McQuail’s mass communication theory. London, England: SAGE.
Montgomery, M. (2007). The discourse of broadcast news: A linguistic approach. London, England: Routledge.
Özyıldırım, I. (2009). Narrative analysis: An analysis of oral and written strategies in personal experience narratives. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(6), 1209-1222.
Patterson, T. E. (2000). Doing well and doing good: How soft news are shrinking the news audience and weakening democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Potter, D. (2006). Handbook of independent journalism. Retrieved from http://photos.state.gov/libraries/korea/49271/dwoa_122709/Handbook-of-Independent-Journalism_001.pdf.
Prince, G. (1982). Narratology: The form and function of narrative. New York, NY: Mouton.
Rubin, A. & Babbie, E. (2005). Research methods for social work. Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole.
Salaberry, M. R. (2001). The use of technology for second. language learning and teaching: A retrospective. Modern Language Journal, 85(1), 39-56.
Seels, B., Berry, L. H., Fullerton, K., & Horn, L. J. (1996). Research on learning from television. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 299-377). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Shoemaker P. J., & Cohen, A. A. (2006). News around the world: Content, practitioners, and the public. New York, NY: Routledge.
Todorov, T. (1969). Grammar of narrative. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.
Tuchman, G. (1972). Objectivity as a strategic ritual: An examination of newsmen's notions of objectivity. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660-679.
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.
van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News as discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism and the press: Critical studies in racism and migration. London, England: Routledge.