臺灣養豬業中肉豬生長遲滯情況，經常發生在保育期與肥育前期肉豬體內的疾病包括呼吸道跟消化道的感染，造成養豬業者嚴重的經濟損失。如何有效預防及感測監控保育期與肥育前期豬隻的呼吸道傳染疾病，已經是臺灣養豬業者亟需要解決的關鍵問題。
為此，本論文探討的目的針對環境感測換氣系統對於緩解豬隻呼吸道疾病的影響，希望藉此輔助豬隻的呼吸道傳染病防治，提升飼養的生產力及品質。
本論文從畜牧環境內部空氣品質感測的觀點切入，開發適用於畜牧養殖場內的環境感測系統，透過有策略的建構環境感測器與收集感測資料，進行資料蒐集分析，並運用偵測到環境的不同特徵值資料，作為應用防範豬隻流感與相關傳染病參考。
研究實驗結果顯示，室內豬場空氣中影響的潛在因子包括：二氧化碳(CO2)濃度、濕度、環境細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)及環境總揮發性有機化合物(TVOC)都較室外的空氣濃度高；而豬場環境排風扇的運作增加室內的通風性，會使得空氣品質獲得明顯改善；此外，仔豬血液的檢測報告也證實飼養在設置排風扇豬場的仔豬，體內引起過敏反應的嗜酸性白血球細胞數目，會遠較密閉豬場內的仔豬低。
這結果說明了，建置環境空氣質量監測系統及排風扇，除了可改善及緩解目前動物呼吸道的疾病外，未來也可提供有效的環境監測及產業應用的價值。

The growth retardation of pigs in the Taiwan pig farming industry is often caused by respiratory and digestive tract infections in pigs in the nursery and pre-fattening stages, resulting in serious economic losses for pig farmers. How to effectively prevent, detect and monitor respiratory infections in pigs during the nursery and pre-fattening period has been a key issue that pig farmers in Taiwan urgently need to solve.
To this end, the purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of environmental sensing and ventilation systems on the mitigation of respiratory diseases in pigs, in the hope that it will assist with the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in pigs and improve the productivity and quality of farming.
This paper develops an environmental sensor system for livestock farms from the viewpoint of air quality sensing in the livestock environment. By strategically constructing environmental sensors and collecting sensing data, we collect and analyze data, and use the data of different characteristics of the detected environment as a reference for the application of preventing influenza and related infectious diseases in pigs.
The results of the study showed that the potential factors affecting the air in indoor pig farms include: carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, humidity, ambient fine suspended particulates (PM2.5), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are higher than outdoor air concentrations; and the operation of environmental exhaust fans in pig farms increases indoor ventilation, resulting in significant improvements in air quality. In addition, blood tests on piglets confirmed that the number of eosinophilic leukocytes causing allergic reactions was much lower in piglets kept in farms with exhaust fans than in piglets kept in enclosed farms.
The results show that the installation of an ambient air quality monitoring system and exhaust fans can improve and alleviate the current respiratory diseases in animals and provide effective environmental monitoring and industrial applications in the future.

李培芬(2006年)。臺灣的自然資源與生態資料庫－農林漁牧。臺灣：行政院農業委員會林務局。
空氣品質標準法規 (2020年 9 月 18 日)。
鍾文彬、吳大中、林敏雯、黃瓊儀、張志成、張文發、楊平政(1997)。台灣地區豬繁殖與呼吸道症候群 Ⅲ。流行病學調查。中華民國獸醫學會雜誌，23(1)， 43-50。
行政院環保署毒物及化學物質局(2021年9月18日)。毒性及關注化學物質查詢資料庫，檢自https://toxicdms.epa.gov.tw/Chm
謝明昌(2016年3月15日)。認識細懸浮微粒PM2.5。社團法人台灣醫事檢驗學會網站，檢自https://www.labmed.org.tw/knowledge_1.asp?mno=74
余國賓(2018年1月)。PM2.5知多少。科技報導網站，檢自http://scitechreports.blogspot.com/2018/01/pm25.html
Albina, E. (1997). Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview. Veterinary microbiology, 55(1-4), 309–316.
Alonso, C., Raynor, P. C., Davies, P. R. & Torremorell, M. (2015). Concentration, Size Distribution, and Infectivity of Airborne Particles Carrying Swine Viruses. PloS one, 10(8), e0135675.
Anundi, H., Lind, M. L., Friis, L., Itkes, N., Langworth, S., & Edling, C. (1993). High exposures to organic solvents among graffiti removers. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 65(4), 247–251.
Arruda, A. G., Tousignant, S., Sanhueza, J., Vilalta, C., Poljak, Z., Torremorell, M., Alonso, C., & Corzo, C. A. (2019). Aerosol Detection and Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): What Is the Evidence, and What Are the Knowledge Gaps?. Viruses, 11(8), 712.
ASHRAE (1989). Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. ASHRAE Stand. 62.
ASAE (2009). Design of Ventilation Systems for Poultry and Livestock Shelters. ASABE Stand, 1–19.
Cao, X. N., Shen, L. J., Wu, S. D., Yan, C., Zhou, Y., Xiong, G., Wang, Y. C., Liu, Y., Liu, B., Tang, X. L., Guo, M., Liu, D. Y., Long, C. L., Sun, M., He, D. W., Lin, T., & Wei, G. H. (2017). Urban fine particulate matter exposure causes male reproductive injury through destroying blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity. Toxicology letters, 266, 1–12.
Chae, C. (2016). Porcine respiratory disease complex: Interaction of vaccination and porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 212, 1–6.
Chen, L. J., Ho, Y. H., Lee H. C., Wu, H. C., Liu, H. M., Hsieh, H. H., Huang, Y. T., & Lung, S. C. C. (2017). An Open Framework for Participatory PM2.5 Monitoring in Smart Cities. IEEE Access, 5:14441 – 14454..
Dee, S. A., Joo, H. S., Polson, D. D., Park, B. K., Pijoan, C., Molitor, T. W., Collins, J. E.,& King, V. (1997). Evaluation of the effects of nursery depopulation on the persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and the productivity of 34 farms. The Veterinary record, 140(10), 247–248.
Enyoh, C. E., Verla, A. W., Wang, Q.,Ohiagu, F. O., Chowdhury, A. H.,Enyoh, E. C.,Chowdhury, T., Evelyn, N. V., & Chinwendu, U. P. (2020). An overview of emerging pollutants in air: Method of analysis and potential public health concern from human environmental exposure. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 28, e00107
Feng, Y., Xue, Y., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zhu, T., Bai, Z., Fu, S., & Gu, C. (2007). Source apportionment of ambient total suspended particulates and coarse particulate matter in urban areas of Jiaozuo, China. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 57(5), 561–575.
Fernstrom, A., & Goldblatt, M. (2013). Aerobiology and its role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Journal of pathogens, 2013(6), 493960.
Heo, J. M., Opapeju, F. O., Pluske, J. R., Kim, J. C., Hampson, D. J., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2012). Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 97(2), 207–237.
Holtkamp, D. J., Kliebenstein, J. B., Neumann, E., Zimmerman, J. J., Rotto, H., Yoder, T. K., Wang, C., Yeske, P., Mowrer, C. L., & Haley, C. A.(2013).Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on United States pork producers . Economics Publications, 21(2):72-84.
Ho, Y. H., Li, P. E., Chen, L. J., & Liu, Y. L. (2020). Indoor air quality monitoring system for proactive control of respiratory infectious diseases: poster abstract. In Proceedings of The 18th ACM International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys ‘20), 693-694.
Ni, J. Q. , Robarge W. P., Xiao, C., Heber, A. J. (2012). Volatile organic compounds at swine facilities: a critical review. Chemosphere. 89(7):769-88.
Loh, M. M., Levy, J. I., Spengler, J. D., Houseman, E. A., & Bennett, D. H. (2007). Ranking cancer risks of organic hazardous air pollutants in the United States. Environmental health perspectives, 115(8), 1160–1168.
Lowen, A. C., Mubareka, S., Steel, J., & Palese, P. (2007). Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS pathogens, 3(10), 1470–1476.
Lu, C. W., Wang, S. E., Wu, W. J., Su, L. Y., Wang, C. H., Wang, P. H., & Wu, C. H. (2020). Alternative antibiotic feed additives alleviate pneumonia with inhibiting ACE-2 expression in the respiratory system of piglets. Food science & nutrition, 9(2), 1112–1120.
Metz, J. A., & Finn, A. (2015). Influenza and humidity-Why a bit more damp may be good for you!. The Journal of infection, 71 Suppl 1, S54–S58.
Mishra, R., Krishnamoorthy, P., Gangamma, S., Raut, A. A., & Kumar, H. (2020). Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 266(Pt 1), 115148.
Pluske, J.R., Hampson, D.J., & Williams, I.H. (1997) Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: a review. Livestock Production Science, 51, 215–236.
Paggiaro, P., Lastrucci, L., Di Pede, C., Bacci, E., Rossi, O., & Talini, D. (1985). Respiratory pathology caused by exposure to solvents in the shoe industry: description of 3 clinical cases. Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro, 7(4), 149–152.
Rossow, K. D., Bautista, E. M., Goyal, S. M., Molitor, T. W., Murtaugh, M. P., Morrison, R. B., Benfield, D. A., & Collins, J. E. (1994). Experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in one-, four-, and 10-week-old pigs. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 6(1), 3–12.
Tang, J. W. (2009). The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 6(Suppl 6), S737–S746.
Huynh, T. T. T. (2005). Heat stress in growing pigs, Thesis (PhD). Wageningen Institute of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
Velasova, M., Alarcon, P., Williamson, S., & Wieland, B. (2012). Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance. BMC veterinary research, 8, 184.
Wei, J., & Li, Y. (2016). Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment. American journal of infection control, 44(9), S102–S108.
Wilker, E. H., Preis, S. R., Beiser, A. S., Wolf, P. A., Au, R., Kloog, I., Li, W., Schwartz, J., Koutrakis, P., DeCarli, C., Seshadri, S., & Mittleman, M. A. (2015). Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, residential proximity to major roads and measures of brain structure. Stroke, 46(5), 1161–1166.
Wills, R., Zimmerman, J., Swenson, S., Yoon, K., Hill, H., Bundy, D., & McGinley, M. (1997). Transmission of PRRSV by direct, close, or indirect contact. Journal of Swine Health and Production, 5(6), 213-218.
Yang, W., Elankumaran, S., & Marr, L. C. (2012). Relationship between humidity and influenza A viability in droplets and implications for influenza's seasonality. PloS one, 7(10), e46789.
Yeo, U.-H., Decano-Valentin, C., Ha, T., Lee, I.-B., Kim, R.-W., Lee, S.-Y., & Kim, J.-G. (2020). Impact Analysis of Environmental Conditions on Odour Dispersion Emitted from Pig House with Complex Terrain Using CFD. Agronomy, 10(11), 1828.
Yin, J., Wu, M. M., Xiao, H., Ren, W. K., Duan, J. L., Yang, G., Li, T. J., & Yin, Y. L. (2014). Development of an antioxidant system after early weaning in piglets. Journal of animal science, 92(2), 612–619.