本論文旨在研究漢語中的「比」字比較句。主要關注的是直接型分析(DA)和刪 略型分析(RA)兩派別在分析「比」後組成成分之底層結構上的爭論。
直接型分析認為「比」後組成成分的底層結構正是我們在表面上所看到的。簡而言 之，直接型分析不認為「比」字比較句中牽涉比較句刪略之運作，也就是說在直接型分 析角度之下，「比」字比較句的底層結構中只有一個比較謂語的標記。然而，本文發現 直接型分析無法解釋某些底層結構需要包含兩個比較謂語標記之「比」字比較句，例如 帶有前置賓語、長被字句、把字句以及動詞複製結構之「比」字比較句。
另一方面，刪略型分析則認為「比」後組成成分含有比其表面結構更豐富的底層結 構。換句話說，刪略型分析認定「比」字比較句刪減了「比」後組成成分內部的比較謂 語。然而，正如 Xiang(2003)所指出的，刪略型分析遇到了三個問題:「比」字比較 句缺乏次比較結構，「比」字比較句缺乏嵌入式比較標準，以及「比」字比較句中「都」 的分佈。儘管 Erlewine(2017)和 Hsieh(2017)都在他們的文章中為這三個問題提供 了一些解決方案，但本文發現他們的分析也存在一些尚待解決的問題。
此外，Liu(2011)更提出了一種混合型分析，他主張漢語有兩種類型的「比」字比 較句:短語型「比」字比較句和子句型「比」字比較句。 Liu(2011)提供了一些標準 來區分這兩種類型的「比」字比較句，但本文認為他的分類標準需要進行一些修改。
本論文提出一種修正版混合型分析，其中包含兩個主要論點:首先，本文認為兩種 「比」字比較句之分類取決於「比」後組成成分是否形成一個完整的成分;其次，在修 正版混合型分析中，「比」字比較句缺乏嵌入式比較標準以及「比」字比較句中「都」 的分佈這兩個問題可以分別利用「比」字比較句無嵌入約束和句法上的疊詞脫落來解釋。

The thesis aims to investigate the bi-comparatives in Mandarin. The main focus is on the debate between the Direct Analysis (DA) and the Reduction Analysis (RA) in terms of the analysis of the underlying structure of the post-bi constituent.
On the one hand, the Direct Analysis claims that the underlying structure of the post-bi constituent is just what we see on the surface. In short, DA does not assume the operation of comparative deletion in a bi-comparative, which means that under DA, there is only one token of the predicate of comparison in the underlying structure. However, it is found that DA fails to account for certain cases of bi-comparatives which need two tokens of the comparison predicate in the underlying structure, such as bi-comparatives with preposed objects, bei long passives, ba disposal constructions, and verb copying constructions.
On the other hand, the Reduction Analysis argues that the post-bi constituent involves a structure richer than its surface structure. In other words, RA assumes the operation of comparative deletion, which elides the predicate of comparison inside the post-bi constituents. However, as pointed out in Xiang (2003), RA encounters three problems: the lack of subcomparatives, the lack of embedded standards, and the distribution of dou in bi- comparatives. Although Erlewine (2017) and Hsieh (2017) offer some solutions to the three problems in their proposal, this thesis finds that their analyses are not without problem.
Besides DA and RA, Liu (2011) proposes a Hybrid Analysis, which advocates that there are two types of bi-comparatives: phrasal and clausal bi-comparatives. Some criteria are provided in Liu (2011) to distinguish between these two types of bi-comparatives, but this thesis argues that the criteria for the distinction need some modifications.
A revised Hybrid Analysis is proposed in this thesis, and there are two major arguments in the current proposal. First, the distinction between the two types of bi-comparatives depends on whether the post-bi constituent(s) form a complete constituent or not. Second, the lack of embedded standards and the distribution of dou in bi-comparatives are accounted for by means of the No Embedding Constraint for bi-comparatives and syntactic haplology respectively under the revised Hybrid Analysis.

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