國立臺灣師範大學博碩士論文全文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	張富傑 Chang Fu Chieh
論文名稱：	新穎非對稱鋅酞青素之合成與鑑定及其在染料敏化太陽能電池之應用 Synthesis and Characterization of a New Series of Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanines for Application of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.
指導教授：	陳錦地 Chen, Chin-Ti
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	273
中文關鍵詞：	鋅酞青素、酞青素、染料敏化太陽能電池、太陽能電池
英文關鍵詞：	Zinc Phthalocyanine, Phthalocyanine, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Solar Cell
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：217 下載：6
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

鋅酞青素常被使用於染料敏化太陽能電池，因為它能吸收近紅外光及紅光波段之太陽光以及具有良好光及化學穩定性。我們成功合成三種鋅酞青素染料35TN、TThC與TThCA。並分別用核磁共振光譜儀(NMR)、質譜儀鑑定化合物之結構；並由紫外/可見光光譜儀及循環電位儀了解化合物之HOMO、LUMO與吸收光譜；低能量表面功函數量測儀(AC-2)得知化合物在固態時之能階；理論計算模擬化合物在激發態時墊子躍遷的情形；更進一步將染料製作染敏太陽能電池探討其光電轉換效率，結果將與TT1、TT7與35T比較。
在模擬太陽光AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) 照射下，利用浸泡式與液滴式的方式製作太陽能電池元件，其酞青素染料分子的光電轉換效率浸泡式分別為TT1 (3.24 %)、TT7 (1.26 %)、TThC (1.34 %)、TThCA (2.13 %)、35T (1.12 %)及35TN (1.42 %)；而液滴式分別為TT1 (1.47 %)、TT7 (1.88 %)、TThC (1.73 %)、TThCA (1.33 %)、35T (0.93 %)及35TN (1.65 %)。

Zinc-based phthalocyanines are attractive sensitizers for DSSCs because of their intense and long wavelength absorption and excellent photochemical and electrochemical stability. Three new zinc- phthalocyanines, 35TN, TThC and TThCA were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Their HOMO and LUMO energy levels in solution and in solid state were estimated by differential pulse voltammetry, UV-visible absorption spectra, and AC-2 low energy photoelectron spectrometer, respectively. The electron distribution of molecules in excited state was investigated by density function theory calculation. Including DSSC testing, these results are compared with benchmark TT1, TT7 and 35T.
Under standard global air mass (AM) 1.5, the power conversion efficiency is using dip and drop methods of fabricating solar cells, the overall power conversion efficiencies of these solar cells by dip(drop) method are 3.24 %、1.26 %、1.34 %、2.13 %、1.12 % and 1.42 % (1.47 %、1.88 %、1.73 %、1.33 %、0.93 % and 1.65 %) for phthalocyanine dyes TT1、TT7、TThC、TThCA、35T and 35TN。

中文摘要...........................................i
英文摘要..........................................ii
謝誌.............................................iii
目錄..............................................iv
圖目錄...........................................vii
表目錄...........................................xii
第一章 緒論.........................................1
1-1 前言...........................................1
1-2 太陽光光譜......................................4
1-3 太陽能電池種類..................................7
1-3-1 矽半導體類型太陽能電池.........................7
1-3-1-1 單晶矽太陽能電池............................8
1-3-1-2 多晶矽太陽能電池...........................15
1-3-1-3 非晶矽太陽能電池...........................18
1-3-2 化合物半導體類型太陽能電池....................21
1-3-2-1 砷化鎵(GaAs)..............................22
1-3-2-2 碲化鎘(CdTe)..............................24
1-3-2-3 銅銦硒化物(CIS)............................25
1-3-3 有機半導體類型太陽能電池......................27
1-3-3-1 有機光伏電池(OPV)..........................27
1-4 染料敏化太陽能電池(DSSC)....................... 31
1-4-1 染料敏化太陽能電池之架構......................32
1-4-2 染料敏化太陽能電池之工作原理...................34
1-4-3 降低染料敏化太陽能電池效率之路徑...............37
1-4-3-1 降低緩解發生機會............................39
1-4-3-2 降低再結合發生機會..........................41
1-4-3-3 降低電荷擷取發生機會........................42
1-4-4 染料敏化劑...................................43
1-4-4-1 釕(Ru)金屬錯合物染料........................45
1-4-4-2 不含金屬之有機染料..........................47
1-4-4-3 其他染料...................................48
1-4-4-3-1 紫質(Porphyrin).........................48
1-4-4-3-2 酞青素(Phthalocyanine，Pc)...............53
1-5-1 短路電流(Jsc)................................64
1-5-2 開路電壓(Voc)................................65
1-5-3 填充因子(FF).................................65
1-5-4 能量轉換效率(η)..............................65
1-5-5 光電轉換效率(IPCE)...........................66
第二章 實驗........................................70
2-1 藥品..........................................70
2-2 溶劑前處理.....................................73
2-3 實驗儀器.......................................74
2-4 實驗合成與步驟.................................78
第三章 結果與討論..................................118
3-1 合成討論......................................118
3-2 吸收光譜與莫耳消光係數..........................122
3-3 染料在二氧化鈦上之吸收光譜與吸附量...............128
3-4 染料HOMO/LUMO能階之測定量......................134
3-4-1 電化學之測量.................................134
3-4-2 低能光電子能階(Low-Energy Photoelecton            Spectrometer)之測量 (AC-2).........................140
3-4-3 理論計算.....................................143
3-5 元件與測量.....................................164
3-5-1 浸泡式元件量測................................164
3-5-2 液滴式元件量測................................172
3-5-3 浸泡與液滴元件結果討論.........................176
參考文獻............................................182
附錄一..............................................186
附錄二..............................................192
附圖................................................193

                                

1.萬海保, 曹立新, 王麗穎, 曾廣賦, 席時權，化學通報，1999，6，中國科學院化學研究所。
2.H. Tsuomura, M. Matsumura, Y. Nomura, T. Amamiya, Nature, 1976, 261, 402.
3.B. O’Regan, M. Grätzel, Nature, 1991, 353, 737
4.M. K. Nazeeruddin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humpbry-Baker, E. Miiller, P. Liska, N. Vlachopoulos, M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 6382.
5.M. Grätzel, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A:Chem, 2004, 164, 3.
6.M. K. Nazeeruddin, S. M. Zakeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, L. Spiccia, G. B. Deacon, C. A. Bignozzi, M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 1963.
7.M. K. Nazeeruddin, P. Péchy, M. Grätzel, Chem. Commun., 1997, 1705.
8.Y. Chiba, A. Islam, Y. Watanabe, R. Komiya, N. Koide, L. Han, J. Appl. Phys., 2006, 45, 638.
9.M. K. Nazeeruddin, F. D. Angelis, S. Fantacci, A. Selloni, G. Viscardi, P. Liska, S. Ito, B. Takeru, M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 16835.
10.M. K. Nazeeruddin, R. Splivallo, P. Liska, P. Comte, M. Grätzel, Chem. Commun., 2003, 1456.
11.A. Yella, H. W. Lee, H. N. Tsao, C. Yi, A. K. Chandiran, Md.K. Nazeeruddin, Eric W. G. Diau, C. Y. Yeh, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Science, 2011, 334, 629.
12.A. B. F. Martinson, T. W. Hamann, M. J. Pellin, J. T. Hupp, Chem. Eur. J., 2008, 14, 4458.
13.S. Mori, M. Nagata, Y. Nakahata, K. Yasuta, R. Goto, M. Kimura, M. Taya , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132 ,4054.
14.J. H. Yum, S. R. Jang, R. Baker, M. Grätzel, T. Torres, Md. K. Nazeeruddin, Langmuir, 2008, 24, 5636.
15.Q. Wang, W. M. Campbell, E. E. Bonfantani, K. W. Jolley, D. L. Officer, P. J. Walsh, K. Gordon, R. H. Baker, M. K. Nazeeruddin, M. Grätzel, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109, 15397.
16.C.L. Wang, C. M. Lan, S. H. Hong, Y. F. Wang, T. Y. Pan, C. W. Chang, H. H. Kuo, M. Y. Kuo, Eric W. G. Diau, C. Y Lin, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 6933.
17.Y. X. Weng, L. Li, Y. Liu, L. Wang, G. Z. Yang, J. Phys.Chem.B, 2003, 107, 4356.
18.C. Y. Chen, M. Wang, J. Y. Li, N. Pootrakulchote, L. Alibabaei, C. Ngoc-le, J. D. Decoppet, J. H. Tsai, C. Grätzel, C. G. Wu, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, ACS Nano., 2009, 3, 3103.
19.W. Zeng, Y. Cao, Y. Bai, Y. Wang, Y. Shi, M. Zhang, F. Wang, C. Pan, P. Wang, Chem. Mater., 2010, 22, 1915.
20.C. T. Chen, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 2000, 58, (Chen 2000)
21.J. W. Goodby, P. S. Robinson, Boon-Keng Teo, P. E. Cladi, Mol. Cryst. Liq.Cryst., 1980, 56, 303.
22.C. Piechocki, J. Simon, A. Skoulios, D. Guillon, P. Weber, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 5245.
23.Z. Z. Ho, C. Y. Ju, W. M. Hetherington III, J. Appl. Phys., 1987, 62, 716.
24.M. Ayabakan, M. Faubel, B. Martı́nez-Haya, L.Yu. Rusin, M. B. Sevryuk, U. Tappe, J. P. Toennie, Chemical Physics, 1988, 229, 21.
25.P. E. Burrows, S. R. Forrest, S. P. Sibley, M. E. Thompson, J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 69, 2959
26.Hamada, S. Electr. Co. Ltd., IEEE T Electron Dev., 1997, 44, 1208.
27.M. Gouterman, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1961, 6, 138.
28.T. Bessho, S. M. Zakeeruddin, C. Y. Yeh, E. W. G. Diau, and M. Grätzel, Angew. Chem. Int. ed., 2010, 49, 6646.
29.C.L. Wang, Y. C. Chang, C. M. Lan, C. F. Lo, Eric W. G. Diau, C. Y. Lin, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 1788.
30.Y. C. Chang, C. L. Wang, T. Y. Pan, S. H. Hong, C. M. Lan, H. H. Kuo, C. F. Lo, H. Y. Hsu, C. Y. Lin, Eric W. G. Diau, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 8910.
31.K. E. Splan, J. T. Hupp, Langmuir, 2004, 20, 10560.
32.A. Zeug, A. Paul, B. Rőder, J. Porphyr Phthalocya, 2001, 5, 663
33.Md. K. Nazeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, M. Grätzel, B. A., Murrer Chem. Commun.1998, 719.
34.P. Y. Reddy, L. Giribabu, Ch.r Lyness, H. J. Snaith, C. Vijaykumar, M. Chandrasekharam, M. Lakshmikantam, J. H. Yum, K. Kalyanasundaram, M. Grätzel, M. K. Nazeeruddin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 373.
35.J. J. Cid, J. H. Yum, S. R. Jang, M. K. Nazeeruddin, E. M. Ferrero, E. Palomares, J. Ko, M. Grätzel, T. Torres, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 8358.
36.J. J. Cid, G. I. Miguel, J. H. Yum, A. Forneli, J. Albero, M. F. Eugenia, P. Vázquez, M.Grätzel, M. K. Nazeeruddin, E. Palomares, T. Torres, Chem. Eur. J., 2009, 15, 5130.
37.G. I. Miguel, J. J. Cid, J. H. Yum, A. Forneli, P. Vázquez, M. K. Nazeeruddin, E. Palomares, M. Grätzel, T. Torres, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 189.
38.I. L. Duarte, M. Wang, R. H. Baker,M. Ince, M. V. M. Díaz, T. Torres, M. Grätzel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51, 1895.
39.M. Kimura, H. Nomoto, N. Masaki, S. Mori, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51, 4371.
40.M. Ince, F. A. Cardinali, J. H. Yum, M. V. M. Díaz, T. Torres, M. Grätzel, Chem. Eur. J., 2012, 18, 6343.
41.M. E. Ragoussi, J. J. Cid, J. H. Yum, G. Torre, D. D. Censo, M. Grätzel, M. K. Nazeeruddin, T. Torres, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51, 4375.
42.H. N. Tsao, C. Yi, T. Moehl, J. H. Yum, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. K. Nazeeruddin, M.Grätzel, ChemSusChem, 2011, 4, 591.
43.M. X. Tan, P. E. Laibinis, S. T. Nguyen, J. M. Kesselman, C. E. Stanton, N. S. Lewis, Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, 41, Edited by K. D. Karlin.
44.J. J. Cid, J. H. Yum, S.-R. Jang, Md. K. Nazeeruddin, E. Ferrero, E. Palomares, J. Ko, M. Grätzel, T. Torres, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8358.
45.J. Liu, Y. Yan, Z. Chen, Y. Gu, X. Liu, Chem. Lett., 2010, 39, 1194
46.S. E. Koops, B. C. O’Regan, P. R. F. Barnes, J. R. Durrant, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 4808.

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文