正向青少年發展理論是近年青少年領域的重要研究取向，青少年個體的成長和發展資源是該理論的重要關懷之一。又同伴動物在現代家庭生活中愈發重要，本研究立基於對青少年發展狀況的關懷，並有鑑於憂鬱情緒對青少年個體發展的諸多不利影響，採用問卷調查法，以「關懷」、「品格」、「能力」、「自信」及「連結」作為青少年正向發展的五個指標，探討臺灣處於國民中學階段之青少年之同伴動物依附與憂鬱情緒及正向發展的關係。並根據文獻回顧，作出同伴動物依附與憂鬱情緒呈負相關、同伴動物依附與正向發展呈正相關的假設。
本研究以便利抽樣之方式，問卷採用「Lexington寵物依附量表」、「青少年憂鬱情緒自我檢視表」及「5Cs極短版量表」進行施測。搜集到來自臺中市、南投縣、臺北市及新竹市國民中學的1,160名學生為研究樣本。以SPSS 23.0進行描述性統計、變異數分析、T檢定、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸模型等統計方法加以分析後，研究主要發現如下：
一、 女性青少年相對男性青少年，同伴動物依附顯著更強；
二、 7年級生相對8年級生及9年級生，同伴動物依附顯著更強；
三、 女性青少年較男性青少年更顯著傾向憂鬱；
四、 青少年憂鬱情緒與年齡呈顯著正相關；
五、 女性較男性在「關懷」上顯著較佳；
六、 男性較女性在「能力」、「自信」上顯著較佳；
七、 青少年的同伴動物依附與「關懷」、「品格」、「能力」、「自信」及「連結」均呈顯著正相關關係；
八、 青少年的同伴動物依附與憂鬱情緒無顯著相關。
根據研究結果，本研究建議：
一、 對於社會情緒學習方面成就較低的青少年，可試著媒合與培養動物依附有關的資源；
二、 工作者在青少年社會工作或青少年輔導中或可評估與運用動物做為關係建立的媒介的適切性，並透過培養正向依附關係，或許有助促進少年的正向發展；
三、 青少年工作者應注意性別因素可能給個案帶來的發展差異。

The theory of positive youth development has become a critical research direction in the field of youth studies in recent years, focusing on the individual growth and developmental resources of adolescents. Additionally, companion animals have become increasing important in modern family life. In consideration of the conditions adolescents face in their development and how depressive mood can damage their growth as individuals, this study applied a questionnaire concerning 5 indicators of positive youth development (i.e., caring, character, competence, confidence, and connection) to investigate the relationship between attachment to companion animals, depressive mood, and positive development in junior high school students in Taiwan. According to literature review, we postulated that attachment to companion animals is negatively correlated with depressive mood but positively correlated with positive development.
Convenience sampling was performed, and data were collected from participants who answered the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale, Adolescent Depression Self-Examination Scale, and 5Cs Scale Very Short Form (PYD-VSF). These participants were 1,160 students from junior high schools in Taichung City, Nantou County, Taipei City, and Hsinchu City. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, t-test, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression model were performed using SPSS Statistics 23.0. The survey results were as follows:
1. The female participants scored significantly higher on attachment to companion animals than the male participants.
2. The seventh-grade students showed significantly stronger attachment to companion animals compared with the 8th- and 9th-grade students.
3. The female participants scored significantly higher on depressive mood than the male participants.
4. The depressive mood the participants experienced was significantly and positively correlated with age.
5. The female participants scored significantly higher on caring than the male participants.
6. The male participants scored significantly higher on competence and confidence than the female participants.
7. The particiapnts’ attachment to companion animals was significantly and positively correlated with all the 5 indicators of positive youth development.
8. The particiapnts’ attachment to companion animals was not significantly correlated with depressive mood.
According to the results, we offered the following suggestions:
1. Resources related to animal companionships should be developed for adolescents with low achievements in social emotional learning.
2. Social workers, counselors and educators may as well assess the suitability of employing animals while establishing relationships with adolescents. And by developing positive attachment to animals, positive youth development might be promoted.
3. Social workers, counselors and educators for adolescents should consider the potential gender difference between adolescents in their development.

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