本研究目的在比較台灣地區平地人、原住民、頂尖運動員之球類選手與武術選手間不同族群的體適能現況，並且探討四組族群間體適能相關基因多型性之差異性。以台灣地區男性平地人、原住民與頂尖運動選手共182人為研究對象 (平均年齡為21歲)，進行身體質量指數 (BMI)、握力 (肌力)、仰臥起坐 (肌耐力)、1600公尺跑 (心肺耐力)等體適能檢測，並且採集受試者血液，以聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)進行基因分析，檢測ADRB2、ADRB3、NOS3、iNOS、CETP等基因之多型性。所得資料以單因子變異數分析以及卡方檢驗進行資料分析。本研究經統計後，發現以下結果：
1. 族群間體適能有差異性存在，武術組在各項體適能測驗表現（仰臥起坐、握力、1600公尺跑）均優於其他各組（p<.05）；而四組間BMI並無顯著差異。
2. 族群間身體組成之相關基因多型性比較，原住民組ADRB3基因的Trp/Arg型在BMI (p<.05) 顯著高於Trp/Trp型。此結果顯示ADRB3基因與原住民身體質量指數有相關。
3. 族群間肌力相關基因多型性之比較，武術組運動員在肌力與肌耐力之運動表現顯著優於其他各組 (p<.05) ，發現ADRB2之Gln/Glu基因型分佈比例偏高，而其他組別比例則以Gln/Gln型佔大多數，表示ADRB2基因Gln/Glu型與肌力、肌耐力有顯著相關。
4. 族群間有氧耐力相關基因，iNOS多型性之G/G與G/T型分佈上，武術組與球類組選手均呈現顯著相關(p<.05)，表示iNOS基因多型性之G/G型與有氧運動表現密切相關。
5. 武術組與其他各組在NOS3基因的TT型與CT型比例分佈上截然不同，顯示頂尖武術選手可能擁有較高比例的NOS3基因CT型。
6. 在族群的基因分佈，ADRB2基因的三個多型性中，僅原住民族群未出現Glu/Glu基因型。
　　本研究之頂尖運動員擁有高頻率ADRB2基因的Gln/Gln型及NOS3基因的CT型，冀研究結果能提供運動科學及基因選才的參考。

The purposes of this study were to compare the differences on fitness among local residents, aboriginals, elite ball athletes, and martial art athletes, and to assess the polymorphisms that occur in the variations of the fitness related gene among the above four groups. There were 182 local citizens, aboriginals and elite athletes were recruited as subject (average age were 21 years). The fitness tests that included body mass index (BMI), grip strength (muscular strength), sit-ups (muscular endurance) and one mile run (aerobic endurance) were administered. Additionally, blood samples were collected and gene-mapping performed by PCR. The genotypes of the ADRB2, ADRB3, NOS3, iNOS and CETP genes were determined and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square. The conclusions of this study were as follows:
1. The physical fitness performances included sit-ups, grip strength, one mile walk and run of martial art athletes were significantly better than that of other 3 groups (p <.05). There was no significant difference in BMI among 4 groups.
2. Genotypes of the ADRB3 gene revealed a significantly higher frequency of the Trp/Arg genotype（p <.05）than the Trp/Trp genotype in aboriginals. This result indicated the ADRB3 gene was related to the BMI of aboriginals.
3. Martial art athletes had significantly better performances in muscular strength and endurance than that of the other 3 groups ( p <.05) and had higher distributions of Gln/Glu genotypes. Meanwhile, the other 3 groups had more frequency of Gln/Gln genotypes than martial art athletes. The results seemed to show the close relationship of the Gln/Glu genotype of the ADRB2 gene with muscular strength and endurance.
4. The distribution of G/G and G/T genotypes of the iNOS gene polymorphism were located significantly in both martial art and ball athletes groups（p <.05）. It seemed that the T/T genotype of NOS3 was closely related to aerobic exercise.
5. The distribution of the CT genotype of the NOS3 gene polymorphism in martial art athletes was significantly different from other 3 groups, indicating the martial art athletes may obtain more frequency of CT genotype.
6. The ADRB2 was consisted of 3 polymorphisms of the other groups except aboriginals who didn’t have the Glu/Glu genotype.
This study found that athletes had higher distributions of Gln/Gln polymorphism in ADRB2 gene and CT genotype in NOS3 could provide the bases for further research related to sport science and genetic selection.

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