簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 沈英宏
Y. H. Jermiah Shen
論文名稱: 利用吹氣捕捉技術與氣相層析質譜儀連線分析自來水、飲用水、地下水、飲水機水、礦泉水及工業廢水中六十種揮發性有化合物之方法研究
Monitoring VOCs in tap water, drinking water, groundwater, mineral water and industrial waste water using Purge and Trap technique coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
指導教授: 吳家誠
Wu, Jia-Cheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
畢業學年度: 87
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 246
中文關鍵詞: 揮發性有機化合物吹氣捕捉系統氣相層析質譜儀飲用水自來水礦泉水飲水機水工業廢水
英文關鍵詞: VOCs, Purge and Trap, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, tap water, drinking water, mineral water, industrial waste water, groundwater
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:287下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 吹氣捕捉系統 (Purge & Trap system, PTS) 乃執行揮發性有機物質 (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 分析時的樣品處理及萃取方法之重要工具,今質譜儀具有高靈敏度, 與結構辨識能力,當與氣相層析儀結合時更增加其定性和定量,故使用吹氣捕捉設備與氣相層析質譜儀連線,對VOCs之分析更使結果的正確性及準確性提高。
    本研究發展及利用吹氣捕捉系統與氣相層析質譜儀連線 (P/T-GC-MS)針對各種水質中六十種揮發性有機物質進行方法及相關研究。並經過美國國家標準局 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) 之化學分子資料庫或其他著名質譜圖庫比對定性後再以選擇性離子偵測法 (Selected Ion Monitoring mode, SIM) 定量。
    本研究已可一次完整且清楚的分離60種VOCs,且可正確定量到ppb的範圍,並將此方法應用至多種真實樣品中VOCs的測定,許多樣品中不同的VOCs已被證實及定量其存在,其中水樣包含飲用水、飲水機、地下水、包裝礦泉水及工業廢水,故本研究之方法與相關技術關係國人用水之安全性甚鉅。

    Combination of purge and trap system with GC-MS supplies a good analytical method with sufficient sensitivity and structural recognition capability for accurate and precise determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in varieties of water sample.
    Wide applications of VOCs are known in different industrial and commercial sectors, even in household areas. Many of VOCs are proved to be toxic and carcinogenic. It is the goal of this study to investigate the feasibility of using purge and trap system coupled with GC-MS for analyzing 60 VOCs in different types and sources of water sample. Samples including tap water, mineral water, ground water and industrial waste water.
    MS library from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) is used for MS structural confirmation purpose with standard comparison technique. SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring mode) is used for quantitation purpose with detection limits at sub-ppb range.
    Varies types of VOCs are found to exist in different samples. Results of this study indicate that there is a strong need for the enforaement of VOC monitoring work on either regular or non-regular scheme for our water resources to enh

    中文摘要........................Ⅰ 英文摘要........................Ⅱ 表目錄.........................Ⅵ 圖目錄.........................Ⅹ 第一章 緒論....................... 1 前言...........................1 1-1水污染的來源..................... 2 1-2揮發性有機化合物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)....4 1-2-1關於揮發性有機化合物................ 4 1-2-2揮發性有機化合物的主要污染源及用途......... 4 1-2-3揮發性有機化合物對環境及人體的影響......... 8 1-2-4水中揮發性有機化合物的管制............. 8 1-3水質揮發性有機化合物(VOCs)的分析..........12 1-3-1氣相層析質譜法...................15 1-3-2吹氣捕捉法.....................20 第二章 實驗儀器與設備.................. 27 2-1實驗儀器與設備....................27 2-1-1採樣與前處理部份..................27 2-1-2分析部份......................29 2-1-3藥品、試劑及氣體..................30 第三章、實驗內容.....................32 3-1試劑水的製備 ....................32 3-2標準溶液的製備 ...................32 3-3玻璃器材之清洗 ...................33 3-4分析儀器條件的建立 .................35 3-5質譜儀上機前準備 ..................36 3-6空白值之控制 ....................36 3-7標準溶液滯留時間及其再現性與檢量線的建立 ......38 3-8方法偵測極限測定 ..................41 3-9檢量線確認及直接添加分析 .............. 42 3-10吹氣捕捉系統條件的建立 ...............42 3-11真實樣品的採樣及分析................ 45 第四章 結果與討論....................47 4-1試劑水的製備.................... 47 4-2標準溶液的製備 ....................47 4-3吹氣捕捉系統分析條件之建立..............48 4-4氣相層析質譜儀之分析條件確立.............49 4-5標準溶液用P/T-GC-Mass偵測各化合物的停滯時間及其再現性............................56 4-6標準溶液各化合物添加內標物的檢量線..........58 4-7方法偵測極限.................... 90 4-8直接添加分析.................... 90 4-9真實樣品的分析....................90 4-9-1自來水的分析....................95 4-9-2飲用水的分析....................95 4-9-3礦泉水的分析....................95 4-9-4地下水的分析....................106 4-9-5飲水機的分析....................106 4-10高雄仁武、大社及林園三大工業區廢水監測........ 106 4-10-1三大工業區背景資料的建立..............106 4-10-2三大工業區概述.................. 117 4-10-3分析結果......................121 第五章 結論.......................148 第六章 參考文獻......................151 附件一~五 標準溶液認證書..............156-166 附件六 63種化合物經NIST比對圖譜............167-228

    1. American Water Works Association,〝New dimension in safe
    drinking water : an overview of the 1986 SDWA amendments and
    proposed primary drinking water regulation〞,1988.
    2. Kovalic, Joan M. Hennelly, Alyson.〝The Clane water act of
    1987〞
    ,1987.
    3. United States,〝Resource Conservation and Recovery
    Act〞,1979.
    3. United States,〝Comprehensive Environmental Response,
    Compens-ation, an Liability Act〞,1980.
    5. 環保通訊週刊雜誌社, 〝水污染防治法〞,1991.
    6. 中華民國消費者文教機金會,“我們都要喝水啊!”消費者報
    導,6-29,1998,8月.
    7. T. A. Bellar & J. J. Lichtenberg; " The occurrence of
    organohalides in chlorinated drinking waters." J. A. W .W.
    A.,703-706(1974).
    8. James M Symons & Thomas A. Bellar; " National organics
    reconnaissance survey for halogenated organics. " J. A. W.
    W. A.,634-647(1975).
    9. Karel Verschueren; "Hand Book of Environmental Data on
    Organic Chemicals" Second edition.(1986).
    10. United States Environmental Protection Agency office of
    Drinking Water Health Advisories 〝Drinking water health
    advisory volatile organic compounds〞
    11.丁素梅,〝空氣中揮發性有機化合物檢測方法之建立-以高分子
    吸附劑採樣之GC-MS法研究驗證〞,行政院環境保護署。
    12. United States. Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration,
    〝OSHA regulate harzardous substances : health, toxicty,
    economic, and technological data / Occupational Safety and
    Health Administration, U. S. Dept. of Labor.
    13. United States,〝Resource Conservation and Recovery
    Act〞,1979.
    14. 行政院環保署,〝各國飲用水水質標準〞。
    15."National primary drinking water regulations; volatile
    synthetic organic chemicals. " Federal Register, Vol. 50,
    No. 219, Wed,Nov. 13(1985).
    17. "National primary drinking water regulations; control of
    trihalomethanes in drinking water. "Federal Register, Vo1
    44, No. 231, Thr, Nov.29(1979).
    18.Frederick W. Pontius; "Complying with the new drinking
    water quality regulations. " J. A. W. W. A.,32-52, Feb.(1990)
    19. 行政院環保署,〝中華民國飲用水水質標準〞。
    20.USEPA, Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal
    and Industrial Wastewater (1982)
    21.L. H. Keith, Advances in the Identification & Analysis of
    Organic Pollutants in Water, Ann Arbor Science Publishers
    Inc., Chap.2, Chap.3, pp 17-48 (1981)
    22.行政院國科會經儀中心,質譜分析術專輯(1997)
    23. L. H. Keith, Identification & Analysis of Organic
    Pollutants in Water, 2nd ed: Ann Arbor Science Publishers
    Inc., Chap.21,pp 305-327 (1977)
    24. L. H. Keith, Identification & Analysis of Organic
    Pollutants in Water, 2nd ed: Ann Arbor Science Publishers
    Inc., Chap.23,pp 375-397 (1977)
    25.J. W. Eichelberger, W. I. Budde ; "Method 524.2 Measurement
    of purgeable organic compounds in water by capillary column
    gas chromatography / mass spectrometry" (1989)
    26.Tekmar 3000 purge & Trap system manual
    27.周淑清,〝水體中揮性有機物分析方法之建立〞,國立台灣師範
    大學,吳家誠教授指導。
    28.“水中揮發性有機物檢測方法-吹氣捕捉毛細管柱氣相層析法/串
    聯式離子化偵測及電解導電感應偵測器檢測法”行政院環境保護
    署環境檢測方法彙編,中華民國八十三年十二月,NIEA 784.50C。
    29.李迪雯,〝加速溶劑萃取技術配合同位素稀釋氣相層析質譜法進
    行大氣塵粒中三十五種多苯環芳香烴化合物之分析方法研究〞國
    立台灣師範大學,吳家誠教授指導。
    30.李惠美,〝加速溶劑萃取技術配合同位素稀釋氣相層析質譜法分
    析土壤中三十五種多苯環芳香烴化合物之分析方法研究〞國立台
    灣師範大學,吳家誠教授指導。
    31.許裕昌,〝加速溶劑萃取技術配合同位素稀釋氣相層析質譜法分
    析土壤及底泥中十二種鄰苯二甲酸酯類之分析方法研究〞國立台
    灣師範大學,吳家誠教授指導。
    32.陳揖遜,〝以超臨界流體萃取/同位素稀釋氣相層析質譜法進行土
    壤中多環芳香族碳氫化合物之分析方法建立〞國立台灣師範大
    學,吳家誠教授指導。
    33.行政院環保屬環檢所,檢驗查核人員訓練課程規劃及訓練教材編
    撰計畫,〝水質採樣方法之品管〞,國立台灣師範大學
    35.“水中揮發性有機物檢測方法-吹氣捕捉-毛細管柱氣相層析法”
    行政院環境保護署環境檢測方法彙編,中華民國八十三年十二
    月,NIEA W785.50B。
    36."Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass
    Spectrometry (GC/MS): Capillary Column Technique" U.S. EPA,
    Test Methods for Evaluating solid Waste, Method 8260B,
    Jan.1995.
    37."Purge and Trap", U.S. EPA, Test Methods for Evaluating
    solid waste, Method 5030A , July. 1992.
    38."Close System Purge and Trap and Extraction for Volatile
    Organic in Soil and Wasted Sample", U.S. EPA, Test Methods
    for Evaluating solid waste, Method 5035 , Jan. 1995.
    39.“水中揮發性有機物檢測方法-吹氣捕捉-填充管柱氣相層析法”
    行政院環境保護署環境檢測方法彙編,中華民國八十三年十二
    月,NIEA W780.50T。
    40. Test Method for Evaluating Solid Waste , Method 3545, EPA
    SW-846, 3rd ed. , Update Ⅲ US GPO, Washington, DC. , July,
    1995
    41.Frederick W. Pontius; "Toxicology and drinking water
    regulations. " J. A. W. W. A.,14-17 & 90, Oct.(1990)
    42. "Merk index "Ninth edition.
    43.John J. Manura; "Trapping of volatiles at the front of the
    GC capillary column using a GC cryotrapping device" American
    Laboratory, Issue # 5, Vol. 26, March 1994.
    44.R. Kostiainen; "Effect of operating in purge and trap GC-MS
    of polar and nonpolar organic compound" Chromatographia Vol.
    38, No. 11/12, June 1994.
    45.Xinwei Yan, Kenneth R. Carney, and Edward B. Overton; "Application
    of purge and trap method to fast and convenient field analysis of water
    and soil sample" Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol. 30, Decmber
    1992.
    46.Viorica Lopez-Avila, Richard Wood, Michael Flanagan, and Richard
    Scott;" Determination of volatile pollutants in water by purge and
    Trap and capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry"
    Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol. 25, July 1987.

    無法下載圖示
    QR CODE