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研究生： 施宏政
論文名稱： 基於模糊推論之膚色補償方法應用於彩色影像
指導教授： 葉榮木
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 機電工程學系
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 67
中文關鍵詞： 光線補償 、模糊邏輯 、色彩空間 、膚色相似度模型 、唇色檢測
英文關鍵詞： light compensation, fuzzy logic, color space, skin color similar model, lip detector
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：327  下載：24 
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    • 彩色影像的色彩資訊應用在物體的檢測（例如利用膚色做人臉檢測之
    前置處理）是相當有用的訊息，但是應用色彩作為物體檢測的特徵，首先
    必須面對的是光線所造成的影響。在過亮、過暗、陰影或偏光的環境下皆
    會使物體檢測的檢測率大為降低。
    在本文中採用分散式模糊邏輯推論，利用影像之平均亮度與像素之
    RGB值，建構分散式模糊推論引擎，分別推論出像素RGB之補償量，而得
    到一種適應不同狀況(光線偏暗或偏亮)之光線補償演算法，解決人臉影像
    在不均勻光源的影響，並且配合利用模糊關係與模糊統計試驗法所建構之
    膚色相似模型，設計人的膚色檢測器，找出人臉膚色的區域。
    並且利用嘴唇的顏色特徵，設計一個唇色檢測器與眼球其低灰度值的
    特徵，設計眼睛檢測器，配合人臉五官的幾何關係找出人臉的位置，此方
    法可減少複雜背景的影響且可解決多人臉重疊在一個區域的情況。
    經由實驗得知此模糊推論模式能有效解決彩色影像之光線補償的問
    題，且本文所提之演算法亦可處理複雜背景的影像，因而可提高人臉之檢
    測率。

    Different environment illumination has a great impact on object detection
    and recognition. The automatic radiation correction of a highlighed object area
    or lowlighed object area plays an important role in the field of image
    processing and computer vision.
    Skin color can be used for human face detection. In the paper, we propose
    a light compensation method for skin color segmentation under varying light
    conditions. A major problem of using skin color is that a face region may not be
    detected under poor or lighting conditions. We adopted a fuzzy logic technique
    to determine the compensation value the brightness. The exposure control
    system proposed in the paper uses “RGB” and Y of pixels in the color image
    determines a compensation amount by the fuzzy reasoning.
    Based on a light compensation technique and skin color similar model
    (SSM), skin regions can be detected and then face candidates can be obtained.
    The characteristics of eyes and lips of faces are used to help to detect each face
    candidates.
    The performance of the system is evaluated through assessment
    experiments. Experimental results show that this proposed methodcan improve
    the performance of face segmentation under poor or strong light conditions and
    detect faces with wide variations in size, scale, color, position and expression in
    images.

    目錄 摘要..........................................................................................................Ⅰ Abstract.....................................................................................................Ⅱ 目錄..........................................................................................................Ⅲ 圖目錄......................................................................................................Ⅴ 表目錄......................................................................................................Ⅶ 第一章 緒論..............................................................................................1 1-1研究背景與動機.............................................................................1 1-2研究目的.........................................................................................3 1-3研究目標.........................................................................................4 1-4系統架構.........................................................................................5 1-5研究架構.........................................................................................9 1-6關鍵字...........................................................................................11 1-7論文架構.......................................................................................12 第二章 文獻探討....................................................................................13 2-1人臉檢測的問題...........................................................................13 2-2檢測方法的綜述...........................................................................14 2-3色彩空間的選擇...........................................................................18 2-4膚色模型.......................................................................................25 2-5光線補償......................................................................................27 第三章 膚色補償與膚色相似模型……................................................29 3-1膚色模型的光線補償...................................................................29 3-1-1分散式模糊推論系統...........................................................30 3-1-2模糊邏輯理論………...........................................................31 3-1-3光線補償之模糊規則...........................................................35 3-2建立膚色相似模型.......................................................................42 3-2-1模糊關係之定義與性質.......................................................42 3-2-2建立膚色相似性模型….......................................................43 3-2-3檢測膚色之準則……….......................................................44 第四章 膚色區域分割與嘴唇和眼睛之定位........................................47 4-1雜訊處理.......................................................................................48 4-2連通處理...................................................................................49 4-3嘴唇定位檢測...............................................................................51 4-4眼睛定位檢測...............................................................................54 第五章 實驗與分析................................................................................55 第六章 結論............................................................................................61 參考文獻..................................................................................................62 圖目錄 圖1.1 膚色檢測流程圖.............................................................................5 圖1.2 人臉檢測流程圖.............................................................................7 圖1.3 研究步驟流程圖...........................................................................10 圖2.1 RGB色彩立方體圖.......................................................................19 圖2.2 Additive RGB色彩系統................................................................19 圖2.3 RGB三原色分佈...........................................................................19 圖2.4 析色圖…………….......................................................................21 圖2.5 HSI 色彩空間分佈.......................................................................22 圖2.6 YCbCr之分量分析........................................................................24 圖3.1 膚色補償與膚色檢測流程圖.......................................................39 圖3.2 光線補償流程圖...........................................................................31 圖3.3 模糊邏輯推論系統之基本架構圖……………….......................32 圖3.4 min-min-max模糊推論法示意圖.................................................35 圖3.5 輸入與輸出之歸屬函數...............................................................37 圖3.6 衰減因子推論系統之輸出入之歸屬函數…………...................38 圖3.7 補償檢測效果...............................................................................41 圖3.8 膚色相似度模型...........................................................................45 圖3.9 輸入原圖.......................................................................................45 圖3.10 膚色檢測結果.............................................................................45 圖3.11 膚色檢測結果.............................................................................44 圖4.1 膚色區域分割演算法流程圖.......................................................47 圖4.2 3x3遮罩.........................................................................................48 圖4.3 框出膚色區域...............................................................................49 圖4.4 人臉五官比率...............................................................................51 圖4.5 適應性嘴唇切割演算法...............................................................52 圖4.6 嘴唇檢測結果...............................................................................53 圖4.7 嘴唇與眼睛檢測結果...................................................................54 圖5.1 實驗結果示意圖...........................................................................56 表目錄 表1.1 人臉檢測之問題分類...................................................................13 表1.2 人臉的特徵與處理方法...............................................................14 表3.1 Y-R模糊補償規則表.....................................................................38 表3.2 Y-G模糊補償規則表.....................................................................38 表3.3 Y-B模糊補償規則表.....................................................................39 表3.4 衰減因子推論之規則表...............................................................39 表5.1 影像中只含單人情況下之檢測結果...........................................55 表5.2 影像中內含多人情況下之檢測結果...........................................55

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