近年來，臺灣的矯正、醫療與社福系統投入大量心力在毒品的預防與藥癮治療。毒品對個人的影響，不僅是生理上的傷害，更需要關注其對心理的危害。而心理健康與自我效能，是戒癮過程中至關重要的因素，同時也是受刑人復歸社會的重要預測因子之一。由於，毒品受刑人同時有成癮者、被監禁者的雙重身分，因此，改善心理健康與提升自我效能，應該成為毒品處遇目標的重點之一。許多國內外研究指出，動物輔助介入對人的生理、心理、社會與靈性帶來積極正面的影響，且已有國外監所成功將動物輔助介入納入處遇計畫，並觀察到明顯成效。不過，多數研究的輔助動物皆為犬隻，對於帶馬匹進入監所的探索有限，而馬匹獨有的特性可能可以在介入過程中，帶來不同的互動樣貌與效果。
本研究旨在探究除了現有的藥癮治療方式外，動物輔助治療能否提升毒品受刑人的心理健康與自我效能。研究對象為監所毒品處遇計畫中，自願參與且年齡介於20-65歲的男性毒品受刑人。採類實驗研究設計，使用成人心理健康量表、貝克絕望感量表、心理幸福感量表簡式中文版、中文版心自我效能量表，以及質性觀察紀錄，呈現參與者在介入前後三次評估中，心理健康與自我效能的變化。動物輔助治療介入方案，為期八週，每週一次，一次1.5小時，團體人數為13-15人，每次團體皆有明確的目標與架構。使用SPSS 23.0中文版進行數據分析，分析方法為重複量數單因子變異數分析、混合設計二因子變異數分析，顯著水準為p<.05。
本研究共有35位毒品受刑人參與並完成三次評估。統計結果顯示，介入後毒品受刑人的整體心理健康和自我效能有顯著的改善與提升。此外，對總刑期短、初次使用毒品年齡較大、施用毒品長達年數介於11-20年的參與者，介入的影響更加明顯。研究結論是動物輔助治療，不僅有改善心理健康與提升自我效能，還有助於自我覺察、情緒穩定、衝動控制、責任感和同理心的培養，同時改善監所氛圍與互動模式，這些改變為毒品受刑人帶來重要且有效的幫助，但因為研究參與者特質的控制困難，結果顯示這些效果有許多的個別差異，因此須將個別差異納入考量，並期盼未來國內各監所，可將長期、常態性的動物輔助治療介入方案納入處遇計畫中。最後，建議未來研究，可針對不同性別的毒品受刑人，其在情緒管理、情緒穩定度、人際互動和社會適應，作進一步的探討。

In recent years, Taiwan's correctional, medical, and social welfare systems have dedicated significant efforts to drug prevention and treatment. The impact of drugs on individuals goes beyond physical harm, necessitating attention to their psychological implications. Mental health and self-efficacy are crucial factors in the process of overcoming addiction and are also essential predictors for inmates reintegrating into society. As drug inmates bear the dual identities of addiction and incarceration, improving mental health and enhancing self-efficacy should be a key focus in drug treatment objectives. Many domestic and international studies have indicated that animal-assisted interventions have positive effects on individuals' physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Some foreign correctional facilities have successfully integrated animal-assisted interventions into treatment plans, predominantly using dogs; however, there has been limited exploration of introducing equine-assisted interventions within prison settings. The unique characteristics of horses might bring about different interaction patterns and effects during the intervention process.
This study aims to investigate whether animal-assisted therapy, beyond existing addiction treatment methods, can enhance the mental health and self-efficacy of drug inmates. The study targets male drug inmates, aged between 20 and 65, voluntarily participating in drug treatment programs within correctional facilities. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research uses the Adult Mental Health Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, The brief chinese version of psychological well-being scale, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, and qualitative observation records to present changes in participants' mental health and self-efficacy before and after the intervention through three assessments. The animal-assisted therapy intervention spans eight weeks, once a week for 1.5 hours, with groups consisting of 13 to 15 individuals, each session structured with clear objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 Chinese version, employing repeated-measures one-way ANOVA and mixed-design two-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<.05.
This study involved 35 drug inmates who completed three assessments. Statistical results indicate significant improvements in overall mental health and self-efficacy among drug inmates post-intervention. Furthermore, the impact was more pronounced for participants with shorter sentences, older age at first drug use, and a drug-use duration ranging from 11 to 20 years.
The study concludes that animal-assisted therapy not only enhances mental health and self-efficacy but also contributes to self-awareness, emotional stability, impulse control, responsibility, empathy, and improves the prison environment and interaction patterns. These changes provide significant and effective assistance to drug offenders. However, due to difficulties in controlling the characteristics of research participants, the results indicate considerable individual differences in these effects. Therefore, it is necessary to take individual differences into consideration, and it is hoped that in the future, correctional facilities nationwide can incorporate long-term, routine animal-assisted therapy interventions into their treatment plans. Finally, it recommends further research on emotional management, stability, interpersonal interactions, and social adaptation among drug inmates of different genders.

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