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研究生: 劉秝榛
LIU, LI-CHEN
論文名稱: 當休閒成為工作-水肺潛水教練休閒行為模式之研究
When leisure transfers to work- A study of leisure behavior model of scuba diving instructors
指導教授: 顏妙桂
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 公民教育與活動領導學系
Department of Civic Education and Leadership
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 287
中文關鍵詞: 動機專業發展遊憩專業化認真休閒質性方法
英文關鍵詞: motivation, professional development, recreation specialization, serious leisure, qualitative approach
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:220下載:44
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  • 本研究之目的在於探究水肺潛水教練持續休閒參與的原因及專業發展、遊憩專業化與認真休閒之間的行為關係、從休閒活動成變工作時的轉折因素,以及成為工作之後,其工作與休閒之間的關係,以深入瞭解水肺潛水教練從休閒參與到工作後之整體休閒行為模式。本研究採取質性研究方法,以滾雪球抽樣方式取得8位符合研究條件之專職水肺潛水教練為研究對象,利用半結構深度訪談蒐集資料,並以紮根理論分析法進行資料分析;最後依據各階段行為建構出水肺潛水教練休閒行為模式。 研究結果發現水肺潛水教練皆能經由阻礙協商、內在驅力及外在刺激的影響而進入持續參與歷程。其次研究發現專業發展、遊憩專業化與認真休閒皆為知識與技能上的線性向上發展歷程,並且都有職業發展的可能,以及能形成獨有之社交圈。再者,擁有水肺潛水教練資格之休閒參與者因個人工作的不適與意外的插曲產生工作轉換的契機,加上受到個人興趣、工作特性等內外在因素的影響而促使其成為專職水肺潛水教練。最後,初始的參與動機及認真休閒涉入時間的長短會影響成為專職工作後的工作與休閒關係。

    The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among the professional development, recreation specialization, and continuing leisure participation of professional scuba divers. Moreover, the theory of the distinction between the idea of work and leisure, especially from the serious leisure point of view, was used as the primary theoretical construct to re-examine the working/leisure behavior of scuba divers. A qualitative approach was utilized as the fundamental methodology for this study, and in-depth interviews and ground theory were served as the primary method for data collection and analysis. Totally 8 interviewees were recruited for exposing their professional diving experience through snowball sampling technique. From the result of data analysis, the following statements have been achieved: First, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation play important role in becoming professional divers and affecting their leisure participation, as well as the factor of negotiation of constraints. Yet, extrinsic factors, such as negative feedback, are able to facilitate the transformative recognition toward the idea of scuba diving between work and leisure. In addition, there is a positive liner relationship among the professional development, recreation specialization, and serious leisure of professional scuba divers, and further, the initial motivation of participation and the length of involvement duration occupy critical position in determining the meanings of work/leisure in scuba diving experience.

    謝 誌………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………I 中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………………III 目 次………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IV 表 次………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VI 圖 次………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VII 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 第一節 探尋「水底生活者」世界之緣起…………………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的與問題………………………………………………………………………………16 第三節 名詞釋義……………………………………………………………………………………………17 第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………………………………………20 第一節 挑戰刺激--水肺潛水活動……………………………………………………………20 第二節 玩出不一樣的天空--遊憩專業化………………………………………………42 第三節 休閒也可以不一樣--認真休閒理論……………………………………………59 第四節 是工作還是休閒--工作與休閒關係對探究………………………………79 第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………………………………………104 第一節 方法論…………………………………………………………………………………………………104 第二節 研究對象……………………………………………………………………………………………112 第三節 資料蒐集方法……………………………………………………………………………………131 第四節 前導研究……………………………………………………………………………………………137 第五節 資料整理與分析………………………………………………………………………………141 第六節 研究信實度與研究倫理考量…………………………………………………………146 第四章 水肺潛水活動參與行為分析與討論…………………………………………………151 第一節 水肺潛水參與者之行為分析…………………………………………………………151 第二節 持續參與休閒行為分析…………………………………………………………………172 第三節 休閒成為職業工作的關鍵轉折……………………………………………………203 第四節 工作與休閒參與關係分析……………………………………………………………220 第五節 水肺潛水教練休閒行為模式…………………………………………………………234 第五章 研究結論與建議……………………………………………………………………………………243 第一節 研究結論……………………………………………………………………………………………243 第二節 研究建議……………………………………………………………………………………………250 第三節 研究限制……………………………………………………………………………………………253 第四節 研究反思……………………………………………………………………………………………254 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………259 中文文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………259 英文文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………268 附錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………284 附錄一 研究訪談同意書……………………………………………………………………………………284 附錄二 訪談日誌……………………………………………………………………………………………285 附錄三 訪談大綱……………………………………………………………………………………………286 表 次 表2-1-1 二十世紀水肺潛水活動的發展…………………………………………………………25 表2-1-2 國際潛水組織簡介………………………………………………………………………………28 表2-2-1 專業化研究調查之活動類型………………………………………………………………51 表2-3-1 國內認真休閒相關研究………………………………………………………………………69 表2-4-1 工作與休閒關係的類型………………………………………………………………………94 表3-2-1 研究對象基本資料一覽……………………………………………………………………116 表3-3-1 初擬訪談大綱………………………………………………………………………………………134 表3-5-1 本研究編碼範列…………………………………………………………………………………145 圖 次 圖2-1-1 PADI全球組織分佈圖…………………………………………………………………………29 圖2-1-2 2010 PADI 全球合格會員統計圖…………………………………………………30 圖2-1-3 PADI水肺潛水員專業課程訓練發展圖……………………………………………31 圖2-2-1 專業化的成因圖……………………………………………………………………………………47 圖2-2-2 遊憩專業化概念圖…………………………………………………………………………………49 圖2-3-1 休閒參與之獎賞與代價關係圖……………………………………………………………63 圖2-4-1 動機模式圖………………………………………………………………………………………………87 圖2-4-2 社會心理學的休閒參與模式…………………………………………………………………91 圖2-4-3 工作與非工作關係圖………………………………………………………………………………96 圖3-1-1 質性方法典範的特點與解釋層次圖…………………………………………………106 圖3-1-2 研究的執行步驟與程序圖……………………………………………………………………110 圖3-1-3 研究架構圖………………………………………………………………………………………………111 圖3-2-1 阿政的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………118 圖3-2-2 小中的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………120 圖3-2-3 阿和的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………122 圖3-2-4 阿德的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………124 圖3-2-5 小洋的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………125 圖3-2-6 小陳的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………127 圖3-2-7 小丁的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………128 圖3-2-8 小恩的水肺潛水活動參與歷程圖………………………………………………………130 圖3-4-1 資料整理與分析關係圖…………………………………………………………………………141 圖3-4-2 資料分析歸納圖………………………………………………………………………………………144 圖3-6-1 三角檢證方式圖………………………………………………………………………………………148 圖4-1-1 水肺潛水活動參與者之休閒行為模式………………………………………………170 圖4-2-1 水肺潛水員遊憩專業化發展歷程與影響因素關係…………………………178 圖4-2-2 水肺潛水活動參與者之遊憩專業化行為……………………………………………186 圖4-2-3 水肺潛水活動參與者認真休閒參與行為……………………………………………195 圖4-2-4 水肺潛水參與者專業發展、遊憩專業化與認真休閒之關係圖……202 圖4-3-1 從休閒參與成為職業水肺潛水教練之轉折關係圖……………………………219 圖4-4-1 職業水肺潛水教練之工作與休閒關係…………………………………………………232 圖4-5-1 工作後持續休閒參與之行為模式…………………………………………………………237 圖4-5-2 工作後停止休閒參與之行為模式…………………………………………………………239 圖4-5-3 水肺潛水教練休閒行為模式…………………………………………………………………242

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