二十世紀開始，大量的作曲家以新穎的風格與創作手法來表現自身的音樂，形成許多不同的流派。而從小自學成家的日本作曲家武滿徹(Toru Takemitsu, 1930-1996)早年藉由模仿西方音樂的創作手法與法國多層次的音樂色彩，造就他早、中期的前衛音樂風格；晚期融入自身傳統東方文化思維、日本民族特色與他所熱愛的自然元素，相互結合為武滿徹獨有的音樂語言，使其呈現自然的空間感與時間感，表現出日本文化精神。
武滿徹在1977年創作的管絃樂作品《群鳥降臨星形庭園》(A flock descends into the pentagonal garden, 1977)為晚期的代表作之一。本論文主要探討武滿徹的生平、音樂風格和音樂觀，研究此曲的創作背景與理念、曲式、音階、和聲與樂曲分析。最後藉由此作品對筆者的影響，將所得之結果融入於自我創作中。

Since the 20th century, more and more composers startes to incorporate fresh styles and composing techniques into their works, which led to the emergence of several musical genres. Toru Takemitsu(1930-1996), a self-taught Japanese composer, whose mid-early style and works were considered contemporary, as he imitated western music styles and techniques as well as infused French music characteristics. Takemitsu’s later works incorporated his own Japanese ethnic, eastern culture as well as elements from the nature, creating a unique musical language of his own to effortlessly express his Japanese culture through transmitting senses of time and space with his music.
In 1977, Takemitsu composed his orchestral work ‘A flock descends into the pentagonal garden’, which is considered one of the significant works in his late years. This research aims to firstly provide an overall analysis on Takemitsu’s musical styles and views. Then, background of ‘A flock descends into the pentagonal garden’ and a detailed musical analysis into this piece will be given. Lastly, through the understanding of Takemitsu as a composer and his work, an examination on how these views can be incorporated into my future compositions will be presented.

一、中文部份
王萃，《武滿徹和聲技法研究》。中央音樂學院出版社，2011。
邱紫華，《東方藝術與美學》〔M〕，北京，高等教育出版社，2004。
洪千懿，〈《我聽見水之夢》－武滿徹作品之詮釋與分析〉。東吳大學碩士示範講習會論文，2015。
連憲升，〈五聲回歸與五聲遍在－武滿徹與陳其鋼作品中的古韻與新腔〉。《關渡音樂學刊》No. 5(12月號，2006)：51-76。
蕭永陞，〈「夢諭」－從武滿徹晚期管弦樂作品探討「夢」的詩意形象及其音樂語言〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2008。
楊秀瑩，〈武滿徹之音樂美學觀－以大自然為素材之作品為例〉。《關渡音樂學刊》No. 15(12月號，2011)：47-69。
楊舒婷，〈武滿徹的自然觀與其無常的音樂形式－《ARC》以第一部為例〉。國立交通大學碩士論文，2008。
鄭聿恬，〈武滿徹《十一月的腳步》暨自我創作分析〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2015。
檀革勝，《武滿徹晚期樂隊作品研究》。知識產權出版社，2013。

二、外文部份
Amold Schoenberg. Stale and Idea. New York. 1951.
Burt, Peter. The Music of Toru Takemitsu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Noriko Ohtake. Creative Sources for the Music of Toru Takemitsu. Scolar Pr, 1993.
Takemitsu, Toru. Confronting Slience. Translated and edited by Yoshiko Kakudo andGlenn Glasow. Berkeley: Fallen LeafPress, 1995.
船山隆，《武滿徹の響きの海へ》。音樂之友社，1998。
武滿徹，《武滿徹著作集》第五卷。新潮社，2000。
楢崎洋子，《武滿徹》。音樂之友社，2005。

三、網路資料
https://monashcomposers.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/toru-takemitsu-a-flock-descends-into-the-pentagonal-garden/
https://rhagye.com/2013/11/03/analysis-of-takemitsus-a-flock-descends-into-the-pentagonal-garden/
https://rhagye.com/2013/11/03/analysis-of-takemitsus-a-flock-descends-into-the-pentagonal-garden/

四、樂譜
Toru Takemitsu. A flock descends into the pentagonal garden. Editions Salabert. 22 rueChauchat Paris in France.
Claude Debussy. Prelude L'après-midi d'un faune. Paris: E. Fromont, 1895. Plate E.
1091 F.

五、影音
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2JoZ3FR32c