天氣被視為旅遊目的地的資源，也是遊客前往的阻礙因素，因此調查遊客如何進行天氣資訊搜尋，可以幫助觀光營運組織了解如何滿足遊客之天氣資訊需求，以及掌握旅遊目的地的天氣資源。本研究目的主要在於探討不同的旅遊目的地型態與遊客旅遊天氣資訊搜尋策略之間的關係，研究方法採用量化的問卷調查，經過文獻探討後根據遊客資訊搜尋行為模型，發展自編「旅遊目的地型態對遊客旅遊天氣資訊搜尋策略衡量問卷」進行調查，發放時間與地點為2013年3月22日至25日高雄國際旅展、4月19日至4月22日台中國際旅展以及4月26日至4月29日台北國際春季旅展三處，有效問卷計408份。研究結果發現旅遊天氣條件對遊客來說是一種旅遊目的地意象，其所從事的旅遊資訊搜尋行為屬於廣泛問題解決的資訊搜尋行為，並以較高的頻率去檢視旅遊天氣資訊來源，經常被使用的旅遊天氣資訊來源為大眾媒體、旅遊網站以及政府氣象服務。

The weather is regarded as a resource of travel destination. It is also a barrier to visit a travel destination for tourists. From investigating tourists’ traveling weather information strategy, tourism organization can understand how to fulfill tourists’ needs of traveling weather information. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different types of travel destination and traveling weather information search strategy. This study developed the “travel destination to traveling weather information search strategy questionnaire” to process the survey. The survey was distributed in Kaohsiung Tourism Exposition from March 22 to 25, Taichung International Travel Fair from April 19 to 22, and International Spring Travel Fair from April 26 to 29. The amounts of valid response were 408. The findings showed that traveling weather condition was a kind of image of travel destination for tourists. Most of tourists’ behaviors of traveling information were extensive problem solving behavior, and tourists check the traveling weather information with highly frequency. The most used sources of traveling weather information were mass media, travel website and government weather service.

中文文獻
Weathernews Inc. (2013)。櫻花前線情報。取自株式会社ウェザーニューズ網址http://weathernews.jp/index.html。
九寨溝國家級自然保護區管理局(2012)。九寨溝風景名勝管理局官方網站首頁。取自九寨溝風景名勝管理局網址http://www.jiuzhai.com/。
中央氣象局(2013)。生活氣象。取自交通部，中央氣象局網址http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/life/Ent_A.htm。
中華民國主計處 (2012) 。教育程度標準分類。取自主計處，統計資訊網址http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1066&ctNode=3379。
中華民國交通部中央氣象局 (2012) 。關於氣象局重要業務。取自交通部，中央氣象局網址http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/about/Missions.htm。
中華民國交通部觀光局 (1999) 。觀光市場分析摘要：87年來華旅客消費及動向調查。取自中交通部，觀光局網址http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/release_d.aspx?no=136&d=17。
中華民國交通部觀光局 (2012) 。2011年國人旅遊狀況調查。取自交通部，觀光局網址http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/market.aspx?no=133。
中華民國交通部觀光局 (2013a) 。2012年歷年國人出國按性別統計。取自交通部，觀光局網址http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/year.aspx?no=134。
中華民國交通部觀光局 (2013b) 。2012年歷年國人出國按年齡統計。取自交通部，觀光局網址http://recreation.tbroc.gov.tw/asp1/statistics/year/INIT.ASP。
日本気象協会(2013)。櫻情報。取自日本気象協会網址http://tenki.jp/sakura/。
王昭正、陳益壯、李孟修(2002)。觀光資訊需求之結構分析。觀光研究學報，8(1)，57-70。
王雯宗、朱盈蒨 (2010) 。旅遊目的地意象與促銷活動對旅遊意願及旅遊行為之影響研究-以澎湖為例。島嶼觀光研究，3 (1) ，100-113。
王鴻楷、劉惠麟、李君如 (1992) 。臺灣地區觀光遊憩系統開發計畫。臺北市:交通部觀光局。
朱瑞淵、林俊妤、陳宗玄 (2009) 。台灣家庭國外旅遊支出影響因素之研究-世代分析之應用。朝陽商管評論，8 (3、4) ，25-46。
行政院主計處 (2012) 。職業標準分類。取自中華民國行政院，主計處網址http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=15817&CtNode=5480&mp=1
行政院勞工委員會 (2012) 。基本薪資。取自中華民國行政院，勞工委員會網址http://www.cla.gov.tw/cgi-bin/siteMaker/SM_theme?page=46c2a8ca
吳英偉、陳慧玲 (譯) (2005) 。觀光學總論。臺北市：桂魯。 (Goeldner, C. R. & Brent Ritchie, J. R. B., 2000)
呂俐蓉 (2004) 。遊客在谷關溫泉區旅遊前資訊搜尋策略之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立南華大學，嘉義縣。
李晶 (2008) 。不同型態的登山健行者對天氣狀況忍受度之差異研究。大學體育專刊，10 (2) ，43-54。
李英弘、李昌勳 (1999) 。觀光規劃：基本原理、概念與案例。臺北市：田園城市。
李國志 (2003) 。消費者網路資訊搜尋行為之研究-以自助旅遊為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立中山大學，高雄市。
李銘輝 (2000) 。觀光地理。臺北市：揚智文化。
李銘輝、郭建興 (2000) 。觀光遊憩資源規劃。臺北市：揚智文化。
林孟慧 (2006) 。網際網路型態旅遊資訊搜尋行為之初探 (未出版碩士論文) 。朝陽科技大學，臺中市。
林宗賢、王維靖、劉沛瑜、王乃玉 (2009) 。重新檢視一般遊客旅遊決策模式--以襲產觀光遊客為例。戶外遊憩研究，22 (4) ，81-104。
林琍羨 (2002) 。消費者購買海外旅遊產品前資訊蒐集策略研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。世新大學，臺北市。
林進田 (1993) 。抽樣調查：理論與應用。臺北市：華泰書局。
林靈宏 (1994) 。消費者行為學。臺北市：五南。
施慧珉、林永森、劉冠佑、陳金輝 (2011) 。海域運動觀光吸引力、知覺價值與行為意圖之研究。休閒觀光與運動健康學報，2 (1) ，75-94。
高中、范振德、王進欽 (2012) 。絲路旅遊目的地意象之研究。嶺東學報，31，131-155。
高俊雄 (譯) (1998) 。觀光旅遊地區發展。臺北市：桂魯。 (Gunn, C.A., 1988)
張孝銘 (2009) 。遊客對海域運動觀光吸引力認知、旅遊體驗、知覺價值與行為意向之研究。休閒產業管理學刊，2 (3) ，31-51。
張淑青 (2009) 。目的地意象、滿意度與行為意圖的關係-目的地意象的區隔效果。台灣管理學刊，9 (1) ，1-22。
曹志豪 (2005) 。網際網路型態旅遊資訊搜尋行為之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。朝陽科技大學，臺中市。
陸允怡、盧俊吉 (2011)。宜蘭遊客旅遊行為與滿意度之研究。農業推廣文彙，56，140-150。
黃繼嫻 (2008) 。高齡者旅遊動機對旅遊資訊搜尋策略影響之研究-以台北地區參與海外團體旅遊為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
楊明賢 (1999) 。觀光學概論。臺北市：揚智文化。
鄭天爵 (1994) 。青少年學生長假日 (寒假、春假) 自家外休閒活動特徵研究-以宜蘭農工專校武裝低年級學生為例。戶外遊憩研究，7 (1) ，1-16。
盧雲亭 (1993) 。現代旅遊地理學。臺北市：地景。
顏家芝 (1994) 。旅遊目的地選擇過程及策略之探討。戶外遊憩研究，7 (1) ，105-119。
魏國彥、許晃雄 (1997) 。全球環境變遷導論。臺北市：教育部。
蘇慧捷 (2002) 。從自助旅遊者資訊行為探討旅遊網站內容之規劃 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。

英文文獻
Adams, R.L.A. (1973). Uncertainty in nature, cognitive dissonance, and the perceptual disortion of environmental information: Weather forecasts and New England beach trip decisions. Economic Geography, 49(4), 287-297.
Allen, P. (2009). Sunshine or your money back: French holiday companies take a gamble on the weather. Retrieved from Daily Mail Web site: www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-1200739/Sunshine-money-French-holiday-companies-gamble-weather.html?ITO=1490
Amelung, B., Nicholls, S., & Viner, D. (2007). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45, 285-296.
Amelung, B., & Viner, D. (2006). Mediterranean tourism: exploring the future with the Tourism Climate Index. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14, 349-366.
Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26, 868-897.
Becken, S., Wilson, J., & Reisinger, A. (2010). Weather, climate and tourism: A New Zealand perspective. Land Environment and People-Technical Report 20. Lincoln, PA: Lincoln University.
Bettman, J.R. (1979). An information processing theory of consumer choice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Bigano, A., Goria, A., Hamilton, J., & Tol, R. S. J. (2005). The Effect of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events on Tourism. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
Blomquist, G. C., Berger, M. C., & John P. Hoehn, J. P. (1988). New estimates of quality of life in urban areas. The American Economic Review, 78(1), 89-107.
Butler, A. (2002). Tourism burned: Visits to park down drastically, even away from flames. Retrieved from Rocky Mountain News Web site: http://www.rockymountainnews.com
Cai, L.A., Feng, R., & Breiter, D. (2003). Tourist purchase decision involvement and information preferences. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(2) , 138-148.
Carter, B. & McGoldrick, M. (1989).Overview the changing family: A framework for family therapy. In B. Carter & M. Mc Goldrick (Eds.), The changing family cycle: A framework for family therapy (2nd ed.). New York City, NY: Allyn & Bacon.
Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. C. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions?. Tourism Management, 28, 1115-1123.
Chen, P., & Kerstetter, D. (1999). International students’ image of rural Pennsylvania as a travel destination. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 256-266.
Church, N.J., Laroche, M., & Roseblatt, J.A. (1985). Consumer brand categorization for durables with limited problem solving: An empirical test and proposed extension of the Brisoux-Laroche model. Journal of Economic Psychology, 6, 231-253.
Coltman, M. M. (1989). Tourism Marketing. New York City, NY: Van Norstrand Reinhold.
Crompton, J. (1992). Structure of vacation destination choice sets. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 420-434.
Crouch, G.I. (1995). A meta-analysis of tourism demand. Annals of Tourism Research, 22, 103-118.
de Freitas, C.R., Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2008). A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): Specification and verification. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52, 399-407.
Denstadli, J. M., Jacobsen, J. K. S., & Lohmann, M. (2011). Tourist perceptions of summer weather in Scandinavia. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 920-940.
Divisekera, S. (2003). A model of demand for international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 31-49.
Dodd, T.H. (1998). Influences on search behavior of industrial tourists. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 5 (2/3) , 77-94.
Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tourism Management, 30 (1), 63-74.
Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369-414.
Echtner, C.M., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2 (2) , 2-12.
Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D., Miniard, P.W. (1995). Consumer behavior (8th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Dryden.
Fodness, D., & Murray, B. (1997). Tourist information search. Journal of Travel Research, 24(3) , 503-523.
Fodness, D., & Murray, B. (1998). A typology of tourist information search strategies. Journal of Travel Research, 37(4), 108-119.
Fodness, D., & Murray, B. (1999). A model of tourist information search behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 220-230.
Førland, E. J., Steen Jacobsen, J. K., Denstadli, J. M., Lohmann, M., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Hygen, H. O., & Tømmervik, H. (2013). Cool weather tourism under global warming: Comparing arctic summer tourists' weather preferences with regional climate statistics and projections. Tourism Management, 36(0), 567-579.
Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & Garcia, C. H. (2002). Destination image-towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 66-67.
Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2006a). Uncertainties in predicting tourist travel flows based on models. Climatic Change, 79(3-4), 163-173.
Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (eds) (2006b). Tourism and Global Environmental Change. London, UK: Routledge.
Gössling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Geron, J.-P., & Dubois, G. (2012). Consumer Behaviour and Demand of Tourists to Climate Change. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (1), 36-58.
Gunn, C. A., & Var, T. (2002). Tourism planning: basics, concept, cases (4th ed). New York City, NY: Routledge.
Hamilton, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2005). The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision making. In S. Gössling, & C.M. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and Global Environmental Change(pp. 229-250). London, UK: Routledge.
Hamilton, J. M., Maddison, D. J., & Tol, R. S. J. (2005). Climate change and intervational tourism: a simulation study. Global Evironmental Change, 15, 253-266.
Hein, L., Metzger, M. J., & Moreno, A. (2009). Potential impacts of climate change on tourism; a case study for spain. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1(2), 170-178.
Hilton Worldwide (2012). About Hilton Garden Inn. Retrived from Hilton Garden Inn Anchorage Web site: http://hiltongardeninn3.hilton.com/en/hotels/alaska/hilton-garden-inn-anchorage-ANCAGGI/index.html.
Hirschman, E. C. (1985). A multidimensional analysis of content preference for leisure-time media. Journal of Leisure Research, 17(1), 28-39.
Howard, J.A. (1994). Buyer behavior in marketing strategy (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Howard, J.A., & Sheten, J.N. (1969). The theory of buyer behavior. New York City, NY: Wiley.
Jenkins, R.L. (1978). Family vacation decision-making. Journal of Travel Research. 16, 2-7.
Jones, B., & Scott, D. (2006a). Climate change, seasonality and visitation to Canada’s National Parks. Journal of Parks and Recreation Administration, 24, 42-62.
Jones, B., & Scott, D. (2006b). Implications of climate change for visitation to Ontario’s Provincial Parks. Leisure, 30, 233-261.
Kodu Digital Ltd (2012). Weatherfor Golf. Retrived from Apple Inc., App Store Web site: https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/weatherfor-golf/id367626130?mt=8
Lam, T., & Hsu, C.H.C. (2005). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4) , 589-599.
Lars, H., Marc, J.M., & Alvaro, M. (2009). Potential impacts of climate change on tourism: a case study for Spain. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1, 170-178.
Loomis, J. B., & Crespi, J. (1999). Estimated effects of climate change on selected outdoor recreation activities in the United States. The impact of climate change on the United States economy, 289-314.
Loudon, D. L., & Della Bitta, A. J. (1993). Consumer behaviour. Concepts and Applications(4th Ed.). New York City, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Lyssiotou, P. (2000). Dynamic analysis of British demand for tourism abroad. Empirical Economics, 15, 421-436.
Maddison, D. (2001). In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists. Climatic Change, 49, 193–208.
Matyas, C., Scrinivasan, S., Cahyanto, I., Thapa, B., Pennington-Gray, L., & Villegas, J. (2011). Risk perception and evacuation decision of Florida tourists under hurricanes threats – a stated preference analysis. Natural Hazards, 59, 871-890.
McIntosh, R.W., Goeldner, C.R., & Ritchie, J.R. (1990). Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (6th ed.). New York City, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The Tourism Climate Index: A method of evaluating world climates for tourism. The Canadian Geographer, 29(3), 220-233.
Moreno, A. & Amelung, B. (2009a). Climate change and tourist comfort on Europe’s beaches in summer: A reassessment. Coastal Management, 37, 550-568.
Moreno, A. & Amelung, B. (2009b). A climate change vulnerability assessment methodology for coastal tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17, 473-488.
Morley, C.L. (1992). A microeconomic theory of international tourism demand. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 250-267.
Murray, K.B. (1991). A test of services marketing theory: consumer information acquisition activities. Journal of Marketing, 55, 10-25.
Narayana, C.L., & Markin, R.J. (1975). Consumer behavior and product performance: An alternative conceptualization. Journal of Marketing, 39, 1-6.
Newman, J.W. (1977). Consumer external search: Amounts and determinants. In A. Woodside, J. Sheth, & P. Bennett (Eds.), Consumer and industrial buying behavior (pp. 79-94). New York City, NY: North-Holland.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2007). Climate change in the European Alps: Adapting winter tourism and natural hazards management. Paris, FR: Author.
Perry, A. H., & Smith, K. (1997). Recreation and tourism. In R. D. Thompson, & A. H. Perry (Eds.). Applied climatology (pp. 240-248). London, UK: Routledge.
Reed, M. (1999). E-commerce: An Era of Confusion. Marketing, 27-28.
Richardson, R. B., & Loomis, J. B. (2004). Adaptive recreation planning and climate change: A contingent visitation approach. Ecological Economics, 50, 83-99.
Rutty, M., & Scott, D. (2010).Will the Mediterranean become “too hot” for tourism? A reassessment. Tourism Planning and Development, 7, 267-281.
Schiffman, L.G., & Kanuak, L.L. (2000). Consumer behavior. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Schmidt, J.B., & Spreng, R.A. (1996). A proposed model of external consumer information search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(3) , 246-256.
Schröter, D., Cramer, W., Leemans, R., Prentice, I.C., Araújo, M.B., Arnell, N.W., ... Garcia, C.A. (2005). Ecosystem service supply and human vulnerability to global change in Europe. Science, 310, 1333-1337.
Scott, D., & Lemieux, C. (2010). Weather and climate information for tourism. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 1, 146-183.
Scott, D., Amelung, B., Becken, S., Ceron, J.P., Dubois, G., Gossling, S., ... Simpson, M.C. (2008). Climate change and tourism–responding to global challenges. Madrid, ESP: United Nations World Tourism Organization.
Scott, D., Hall, C.M., & Gössling, S. (2012). Tourism and climate change: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation. London, UK: Routledge.
Scott, D., Jones, B., & Konopek, J. (2008). Exploring the impact of climate-induced environmental changes on future visitation to Canada’s Rocky Mountain National Parks. Tourism Review International, 12, 43-56.
Scott, D., & Jones, B. (2006). The impact of climate on golf participation in the greater Toronto area(GTA): A case study. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(3), 363-380.
Scott, D., McBoyle, G., & Schwartzentruber, M. (2004). Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America. Climate Research, 27, 105-117.
Smith, K. (1993). The influence of weather and climate on recreation and tourism. Weather, 48(12), 398-404.
Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Szalai, K., & Rátz, T. (2007). Tourist Perceptions of Uncertainty and Risk Associated with Extreme Weather Events. The 3rd International Conference on “Tourism Future Trends”, University Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management.
Tasaur, S.H., & Wu, D.H. (2005). Theuseof stated preference model in travel itinerary choice behavior. Journal of Business Research, 57(7) , 776-786.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2012a). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Retrieved from UNESCO Web site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2012b). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved from UNESCO Web site: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=home
Weather Channel (2013). Lifestyle: Sports & Recreation. Retrived from Weather Channel Web site: http://www.weather.com/sports-rec/main
Woodside, A.G., & Lysonski, S. (1989). A general model of traveler destination choice. Travel Research, winter, 8-14.
World Meteorological Organization (2009) . Global framework for climate services. Retrieved from World Meteorological Organization Web site: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documents/ConceptNote_GlobalFramework_ver3.4110309.pdf