過去研究指出，急性健身運動有助於認知功能，並提及該效益受到運動型態的調節。多面向健身運動乃是將健身運動與其他針對認知功能相關之非藥物介入 (如冥想、音樂、認知訓練等) 結合之型態，其對於認知功能之促進漸在研究中顯現，甚至表明該效益更勝傳統型態之健身運動 (即：有氧健身運動、阻力健身運動)。然而現今相關研究數量仍有限，部分研究亦存在缺乏控制組/情境、參與者較少或運動時間較短等研究設計限制，整體仍待投入發展。有鑑於此，本研究之目的即聚焦此議題進行深究，旨在探討急性多面向健身運動對於認知功能表現之影響，並配合神經生理指標—P3之探討，亦納入有氧健身運動，比較不同型態健身運動之效果，期能拓展領域知識。研究將84名大學生隨機分派至多面向健身運動組、有氧健身運動組與觀看影片之控制組，分別進行35分鐘之介入，並在介入前、15分鐘後進行叫色測驗結合事件關聯電位之檢測。結果顯示，兩組健身運動介入後於叫色測驗各情境反應時間皆較控制組快，而兩組無差異；P3振幅的變化則僅有氧健身運動後有顯著效果，顯示相較控制組有較大之P3振幅。當前研究支持多面向健身運動對於認知功能行為表現之促進，但或許需要足夠之運動強度才能有效影響P3指標，期待未來研究進一步針對多面向健身運動組成和變項之劑量關係進行探討，並結合生理指標等機制之探究，以使相關處方更臻完整。

Acute exercise could facilitate cognitive function, yet the benefits were shown to have been affected by moderators, including the exercise type. Studies have shown that multi-modal exercise, an exercise that combines fitness and health factors related to cognitive functions (e.g. meditation, cognitive training), has the potential for promoting cognitive benefits, even better than traditional exercise types (i.e. aerobic and resistance exercise). However, the number of relevant studies are still under development, and some design limitations, such as a lack of control comparisons, fewer participants, and shorter exercise times, need to be addressed. More research investment is needed, so the present study aimed to explore the effects of acute multi-modal exercise on cognitive function and the P3 component of event-related potentials (ERP). An aerobic exercise group was included in order to compare the effects of different exercise types. 80 young adults were assigned randomly to multi-modal exercise (including physical fitness, sports fitness, and mindfulness meditation), aerobic exercise (riding a stationary bike), or control groups (watching a video). The intervention was performed for 35 minutes with heartbeats recorded, and a Stroop task combined with ERP was conducted before and 15 minutes after the intervention. Findings indicated that, compared to the control group, reaction times during all Stroop conditions were significantly faster following both exercise groups, with similar benefits. About P3 amplitude, only the aerobic exercise group showed a significant difference (a larger P3 amplitude) compared with the control group. The present study highlighted that multi-modal exercise could bring improvements in cognitive performance, but sufficient exercise intensity may be important to effectively affect P3 indicators.

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張緯、洪巧菱 (2022)。運動對認知功能影響之文獻回顧：認知負荷強度視角 [A literature review of exercise intervention impacts on cognitive function: A perspective of cognitive load]。臺灣運動心理學報，22(2)，55–85。https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.202207_22(2).0003
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