本論文主要目的在瞭解東海南部海域群聚呼吸率的時空變化並探討影響其變異的主因。研究主要利用海研二號於2003年9月至2004年8月共計5個航次 (OR2-CR1135、OR2-CR1157、OR2-CR1170、OR2-CR1187、OR2-CR1213)，進行採樣與研究調查。研究結果顯示，東海南部海域群聚呼吸率的變化範圍介於6.28 ~ 281.14 mg C m-3 d-1之間，平均值為57.88 ± 50.3 mg C m-3 d-1。在空間變化上，靠近大陸沿岸的測站有較高的群聚呼吸率 (87.03 ± 42.13 mg C m-3 d-1)，此呼吸率往陸棚邊緣有逐漸遞減的趨勢 (34.34 ± 15.91 mg C m-3 d-1)，造成此差異的主因在於靠近大陸沿岸的測站，其葉綠素a濃度及異營性細菌生產力皆高於陸棚邊緣的測站。就季節性變化而言，群聚呼吸率在春季有最高值 (78.91 ± 67.89 mg C m-3 d-1)，其值在冬季最低 (29.4 ± 17.4 mg C m-3 d-1)，主要受到顆粒性有機碳、異營細菌生物量及其生產力、和葉綠素a濃度等季節性變異的影響。就個別水團的季節性變化趨勢而言，大陸沿岸水的群聚呼吸率主要受到顆粒性有機碳和葉綠素a濃度的季節性變化所控制；就台灣海峽水而言，群聚呼吸率的季節性變化以異營性細菌為主要的貢獻者；就黑潮水而言，影響其群聚呼吸率的因子主要為異營性細菌及浮游植物生物量的多寡。

Abstract
The objectives of this thesis are to understand the spatial and temporal variations of planktonic community respiration (i.e., PCR) in the southern East China Sea (ECS) and to explore the potential factors that impact on PCR. Samples were collected on board R/V Ocean Researcher II during Sept., 2003 to Aug., 2004 along the transect stations from the China coast to continental margin in the southern ECS. Results showed that PCR were in the range of 6.28 ~ 281.14 mg C m-3 d-1 with the averaged rate of 57.88 ± 50.3 mg C m-3 d-1. Spatially, the highest PCR was observed at stations in the China coastal waters (CCW; average value = 87.03 ± 42.13 mg C m-3 d-1), and the lowest rate was found in the Kuroshio waters (i.e., KW) with the averaged value of 34.34 ± 15.91 mg C m-3 d-1. The higher PCR in CCW than in KW might be contributed to higher values of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and bacterial production (BP) in the CCW. Seasonally, the highest PCR was found in spring (78.91 ± 67.89 mg C m-3 d-1), and the lowest rate was observed in winter (29.4 ± 17.4 mg C m-3 d-1). This pattern might be resulted from seasonal differences in bacterial biomass, BP and Chl a concentration. Results were further used to explore the potential factors that regulated on seasonal variation in different water masses along the transect including CCW, Taiwan strait waters (TW), and KW. The PCR was mostly attributed by phytoplankton in the CCW. In the TW, the PCR was mostly contributed by bacterioplankton and phytoplankton.

Aristegui, J., and W.G. Harrison. 2002. Decoupling of primary production and community respiration un the ocean : implications for regional carbon studies. Aquaic Microbial Ecology 29: 199-209.
Chen, C.C., F.K. Shiah, G.C. Gong, and K.P. Chiang. 2003. Planktonic community respiration in the East China Sea：Importance of microbial consumption of organic carbon. Deep-Sea Research II 50: 1311-1325.
Chen, C.C., K.P. Chiang, G.C. Gong, F.K. Shiah, C.M. Tseng, and K.K. Liu. 2006. The importance of planktonic community respiration on the carbon balance of the East China Sea in summer. Global Biogeochemical Cycles (accepted)
Chen, C.T.A., R. Ruo, S.C. Pai, C.T. Liu, and G.T.F. Wong. 1995. Exchange of water masses between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio off northeastern Taiwan. Continental Shelf Research 15: 19-39.
Chen, C.T.A. 2003. Rare nortjward flow in the Taiwan Strait in water: a note. Continental Shelf Research 23: 387-391.
Chen, L.Y.L., H.Y. Chen, G.C. Gong, Y.H. Lin, S. Jan, and T. Masayuki. 2004. Phytoplankton production during a summer coastal upwelling in the East China Sea. Continental Shelf Research 24: 1312-1338.
Chuag, W.S., and W.D. Liang. 1994. Seasonal variability of intrusion of the Kuroshio water across the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan. Journal of Oceanography 50: 531-542.
del Giorgio, P.A., and C.M. Duarte. 2002. Respiration in the open ocean. Nature 420: 379-384.
Fuhrman, J.A. and F. Azm. 1980. Bacterioplankton secondary production estimates for costal waters of British Columba, Antarctica, and Calofornia. Applied Environmant Microbiology 39: 1085-1095
Gaarder, T. and H.H. Grann. 1927. Investigations of the production of plankton in the Oslo Fjord. Rapport et Proces-Verbaux des Reunion. Conseil Permanent Internationl pourl’Exploration de la Mer 42: 3-31.
Gattuso, J.P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast. 1998. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 405-435.
Gong, G.C., C.Z. Shyu, W.H. Shiu, and K.K. Liu. 1992. Temperature fluctuation of the cold eddy off northeastern Taiwan: June-December.1990. Acta Oceanogr Taiwan 28: 118-127.
Gong, G.C., Y.L. Chen, and K.K. Liu. 1996. Chemical hydrography and chlorophyll a distribution in the East China Sea in summer: implications in nutrient dynamics. Continental Shelf Research 16: 1561-1590.
Gong, G.C., F.K. Shiah, K.K. Liu, Y.H. Wen, and M.H. Liang. 2000. Spatial and temporal variation of chlorophyll a, primary productivity and chemical hydrography in the southern East China Sea. Continental Shelf Research 20: 411-436.
Gong, G.C., Y.H. Wen, B.W. Wang, and G.J. Liu. 2003. Seasonal variation of chlorophyll a concentration,primary production and environmental conditions in the subtropical East China Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 50(6-7): 1219-1236.
Griffith, P.C., D.J. Douglas, and S.C. Wainright. 1990. Metabolic activity of size-fractionated microbial plankton in estuarine, nearshore, and continental shelf waters of Georiga, Marine Ecology Progress Series 59: 263-270.
Hobbie, J.E., R.J. Daley and S. Jasper. 1977. Use of nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Applied Environmant Microbiology 35: 1225-1228.
Hopkinson, C.S. 1985. Shallow-water benthic and pelagic metabolism: evidence of heterotrophy in the nearshore Georgia Bight. Marine Biology 87: 19-32.
Kemp, P.F., P.G. Falkowski, C.N. Flagg, W.C. Phoel, S.L. Smith, D.W.R. Wallace, and C.D. Wirick. 1994. Modling vertical oxygen and carbon flux during stratified spring and summer conditions on the continental shelf, Middle Atlantic Bight, eastern USA. Deep-Sea Research II 41: 629-655.
Lancelot, C. and G. Billen. 1984. Activity of heterotrophic bacteria and its coupling to primary production during the spring phytoplankton bloom in the southern bight of the North Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 29: 721-730.
Liu, K.K., G.C. Gong, S. Lin, C.Z. Shyu, S.C. Pai, C.L. Wei, and S.Y. Chao. 1992. Response of the Kuroshio upwelling to the onset of northeast monsoon in the sea nortj of Taiwan: observations and a numerical simulation. Journal of Geographysical Reasearch 97: 12511-12526.
Liu, K.K., K. Iseki, and S.Y. Chao. 2000a. Continental margin carbon fluxes. In: Hanson, R.B., Ducklow, H.W., Field, J.G. (Eds.), The changing ocean carbon cycle: A midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge pp. 187-239.
Liu, K.K., T.Y. Tang, G.C. Gong, L.Y. Chen, and F.K. Shiah. 2000b. Cross-shelf and along-shelf nutrient fluxes derived from flow fields and chemical hydrography observed in the southern East China Sea off northern Taiwan.Continental Shelf Research 20: 493-523.
Milliman, J.D., and R.H. Mende. 1983. Worldwide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology 91: 1-21.
Pai, S.C., G.C. Gong, and K.K. Liu. 1993. Determination of dissolved
oxygen in seawater by direct spectrophotometry of total iodine.
Marine Chemistry 41: 343-351.
Parson, T.R., Y. Miata, and M. Lalli. 1984. Amanual of chemical and biological methods for sea water analysis. Pergamon. New York.
Peng, T.H., J.J. Hung, R. Wannikhof, and F.J. Millero. 1999. Carbon budget in the East China sea in spring. Tellus 51B(3): 531-540.
Petersen, J.E. and C.C. Chen. 1999. A method for measuring depth-integrated community metabolism in experimental planktonic-benthic ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 391: 23-32.
Robinson, C., C.E. Widdicombe, M.V. Zubkov, G.A. Tarran, A.E.J. Miller, and A.P. Rees. 2002. Plankton community respiration during a coccolithophore bloom. Deep-sea Research II 49: 2929-2950.
Sampou, P and W. M. Kemp. 1994. Factors regulating plankton community respiration in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 110: 249-258.
Shiah, F.K., K.K. Liu, S.J. Kao, and G.C. Gong. 2000a. The coupling of bacterial production and hydrography in the sourthern East China Sea. Continental Shelf Research part II 20(4-5): 459-477.
Shiah, F.K., S.W. Chung, S.J. Kao, G.C. Gong, and K.K. Liu. 2000b. Biogical and hydrographical responses to tropical cyclone (typhoons) in the continental shelf of Taiwan Strait. Continental Shelf Research 20: 2029-2044.
Shiah, F.K., G.C. Gong, and C.C. Chen. 2003. Seasonal and spatial variation of bacterial production in the continental shelf of the East China Sea:possible controlling mechanisms and potential roles in carbon cycling. Deep-Sea Research II 50(6-7): 1295-1309.
Sherr, E.B., and B.F. Sherr. 1996. Temporal offset in oceanic production and respiration process implied by seasonal changes in atmospheric oxygen:The role of heterptrophic microbes. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 11: 91-100.
Smith, E.M. and W.M. Kemp. 1995. Seasonal and regional variation in plankton production and respiration for Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 116: 217-231.
Smith, S.V. and J.T. Hollibaugh. 1993. Coastal metabolism and the oceanic carbon balance. Review of Geophysical 31: 75-93.
Strickland, J.D.H., and T.R. Parsons. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research Board Canadian Bulletin 310pp.
Tsunogia, S., S. Watanabe, and T. Sato. 1999. Is there a “continental shelf pump”for the absorption of atmospheric CO2 ? Tellus 51B: 701-712.
Walsh, J.J. 1991. Importance of continental margins in the marine biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Nature 394: 55-57.
Williams, P. J. L. 1981. Microbial contribution to overall marine plankton metabolism: Direct measures of respiration. Oceanologica Acta 4: 359-364.
Zhang, X.Y., R. Akimoto, G.H. Zhu, T. Chen, and G.Y. Zhang. 1998. Concentration, size-distribution and deposition of mineral aerosol over Chinese desert regions. Tellus 50B: 317-330.
吳宗翰 (2003) 高溶解態有機碳海域內群聚呼吸率之研究。國立台灣大學海洋研究所碩士論文。
賴昭成 (2004) 亞熱帶海域細菌呼吸率與群聚呼吸率之季節變化研究。國立台灣大學海洋研究所碩士論文。
許丁元 (2005) 東海湧昇流區異營性浮游細菌時空變異之研究。國立台灣大學海洋研究所碩士論文。