研究生: |
蔡惠琪 Tsai, Hui-Chi |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
從地球系統教育看我國科學課程與環境教育概念 Viewing National Science Curriculum and Environmental Education Concepts from Earth System Education’s Viewpoint |
指導教授: | 王順美 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
環境教育研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Education |
論文出版年: | 2004 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 220 |
中文關鍵詞: | 地球系統教育 、九年一貫課程自然與生活科技領域 、能力指標 、環境教育概念 |
英文關鍵詞: | earth system education, living technology domain of Guide 1-9 Curriculum, standard of competencies, environmental education concepts |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:200 下載:9 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究以內容分析法從地球系統教育的角度,分析九年一貫課程自然與生活科技領域之課程綱要以及環境教育概念,包括能力指標與教材細目。在課程能力指標方面,分析發現其與地球系統教育的概念架構內涵有相當一致之處;但在欣賞、環境責任以及生涯發展等方面較有不同;情意層次不顯著;具有議題探索的特質而較少提及資源利用的態度,且缺乏對科技發展的省思及對人與環境關係的認知;在科技發展上重視科學的應用,及與生活的關係。在教材細目方面,分析顯示其兼具科學相關認知及態度的養成;包含永續發展的意涵,提倡運用科技來解決實際問題;與地球科學學科相關者較少;具有永續發展的議題探索特質。在歐爾曼環境教育概念綱領方面,分析發現其著重生態與保育相關知識而情意的層次不明;偏向以人的角度看環境,主張負責任環境態度;著重對資源的認識,瞭解與管理,提倡資源永續利用;重視科技發展的價值觀與態度,具備對科技發展的省思;提到地球太空船的概念,具有地球素養的意涵。在我國現階段環境教育概念綱領方面,分析發現其以生態學及永續發展相關認知、態度為主;在欣賞的層面上不足,未有欣賞的概念;著重資源的瞭解與利用,提及人口議題以及環境政策、經濟永續發展的觀念;主張應為永續利用以及降低環境破壞而發展科技;從生態學角度重視地球的循環過程,強調平衡的觀念;視地球為一個系統;提倡負責任環境行為;重視生態學知識。以課程能力指標與教材細目相較,教材細目對科技的檢討方面,雖不直接,但具議題探討的性質,亟待教學者的發揮。歐爾曼的環境教育概念綱領注重生態知識,角度明顯為資源保育,與瞭解二最為相關,故對人口問題、管理責任都有提到,也對科學提出反省;但在生態系以外,並沒有對整個環境整體思考的意涵。與我國概念綱領相較,我國除了也重視環境管理,更進步地提到永續觀念、地球系統的觀念,與社會面向的連結更多、更將觸角伸到社會議題的層次。
基於以上結果,本研究建議教學者,在現行課程綱要的使用上應著重認知(教材細目)與能力(指標)的一致與配合,考慮情意培養、增加人與自然的關係的內容,思考人類及角色科技的角色,朝向永續發展的新思維,採取議題探索教學。考慮職業發展的準備,細分意涵較廣的指標,利用地球系統概念架構來設計教學。在環境教育概念綱領的內容方面,建議注重情意的培養,擴充到保育教育以外更廣泛的學習,並配合科學教育為認知基礎。對後續研究的建議,在研究對象與主題方面建議對教學模組、網路教學、教師進修內容等方面進行研究。
The Earth System Science Education is a branch of educational reformation. This research adopts the nature science and living technology domain of Guide 1-9 Curriculum, and Allman’s and Taiwan environmental education concepts, with the Earth System Education’s perspective. This research finds that the standard of competencies in Guide 1-9 Curriculum is in accordance with ESE’s concept structure significantly, but it rarely mentions natural appreciation, environmental responsibility and career development. Its affection component is obscure, and it prefers the issue exploration to the attitude toward resource use. In addition, it fails to reflect on technology and relationship between human and the environment. Moreover, it emphasizes scientific application in the daily life. In examing teaching material suggestions in Guide 1-9 Curriculum, this research finds that it cultivaties science-related understanding and interduce the meaning of sustainable development. It also advocates solving practical problems with technology and leads sustainable development issue exploration, but it has little to do with Earth Science. In analysis of Allman environmental education concepts, this research also shows that Allman emphasize ecological and conservation knowledge, and seldom mention affection component. Allman tends to view the environment from human’s viewpoint. He advocates a responsible environmental attitude, emphasizes sustainable use, respects the value of technologys, and refers to the concept of “earth spaceship,” which symbolizes earth literacy. As for the present National Environmental Education Concepts, this research finds that they prioritize the ecological knowledge and sustainable development. Besides, they emphasize to understand and wisely use resources, concern the population issue, environmental policies, and economical sustainable development, as well as advocate developing technology to minimize the damage of the environment. What’s more, they ask for responsible environmental behaviors, emphasize recycling and balance of earth system, see earth as a whole system, and pay lots of attention to ecology.
In the end, this research suggests teachers combine cognition with ability and increase the affective development. For doing this, teachers can unite nature science and living technology domain with Arts and Humanities Area, and emphasize the relationship between human and nature; students need to think about the roles of human and technology, take the new thinking of sustainable development. The content of environmental concepts should lay stress on cultivating affection, extend beyond conservation and cooperate with the science education as the base of cognition. For the follow-up researches, they are suggested to continue on the study of teaching module, the network teaching, and teachers’ self-training.
英文部分
1. Abruscato, J. (2000). Teaching children science – a discovery approach. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
2. Beyer, B. K. (1997). Improving student thinking – a comprehensive approach. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
3. Braus, J. A., & Wood, D. (1993). Environmental education in the schools-creating a program that works. Washington, DC: Dasktop publishing.
4. Cantrell, D. C., & Barron, P. A. (Eds.). (1994). Integrating environmental education and science – using and developing learning episodes. Newark, OH: Environmental Education Council of Ohio.
5. Colwell, T. (1997). The nature-culture distinction and the future of environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 28,4, 4-8.
6. Disinger, J. F., & Monroe, M. C. (1994). Defining environmental education. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt publishing.
7. Engleson, D.C., & Yockers, D.H.(1994). A guide to curriculum planning in environmental education. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
8. Esler, W. K., Esler, M. K. (1996). Teaching Elementary science. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
9. Fortner, R. W. (1991a).Back to the earth for science education. Science Teacher, 57,1, 6-7.
10. Fortner, R. W.(1991b). Understanding #2: There must be a-way(to deal with solid waste). Science Activities, 28, 1, 16-18
11. Fortner, R. W. (1991c). Special issue on Earth systems education. Science
Activities, 28, 1,
12. Fortner, R. W. (2000). A web-based slide presentation on Earth Systems
Education (ESE) & Environmental Education (EE).http://earthsys.ag.ohio-state. edu/
13. Gough, Stephen(1997). Adding value: an environmental education approach for business and management training. Environmental Education Research, 3, 1, 5-15.
14. Jax, D. W.(1991). Understanding #5:How long is long ago? Science Activities, 28, 1, 27-28.
15. John W. M.(1991). Understanding #4: The weathering of rocks: three activities. Science Activities, 28 ,1, 23-26.
16. Johnson, D. R., Ruzek, M., Kalb M.(1996 ). What is Earth System Science? Paper present at the ESSE Module Development Workshop in Coolfont, WV .
17. Johnson, D. R., & Ruzek, M. (1998). College and University Earth System Science Education in The 21st century. Retrieved March 8, 2004, from http://168.95.5.99/cgi-bin/print.cgi
18. Johnson, D. R., & Ruzek, K. M. (1998). What is earth system science? Retrieved March 8, 2004, from http://168.95.5.99/cgi-bin/print.cgi
19. Fortner, R. W. (2004). Environmental Education in the 21st Century: An American Perspective. Paper presented at the meeting of EE in Osaka, Japan.
20. Gough A. (1997). Education and the Environment: policy, trends and the problems of marginalization.
21. Kanis, I. B., & Warren E. Yasso (1996). Earth science activities – a guide to effective elementary school science teaching. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
22. Littledyke, M., & Huxford, L.(Eds.).(1998). Teaching the primary curriculum for constructive learning. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.
23. Mayer, V. J. (1990). Teaching from a global point of view. Science Teacher, 57, 47-51.
24. Mayer, V. J. (1991a). Framework for Earth system education. Science Activities, 28(1), 8-9.
25. Mayer, V. J. (1991b). Earth system science. Science Teacher, 58, 34-39.
26. Mayer, V. J. (1991 c). Earth systems education-a planetary perspective.
27. Mayer, V. J. (1991d).The role of planet earth in the new science curriculum. Science Teacher, 58(2), 34-38.
28. Mayer, V. J. (1993). Earth system education. ERIC/CSMEE Digest. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED359 049)
29. Mayer, V. J. (1995). Using the earth system for integrating science curriculum. Science Education, 79(4), 375-391.
30. Mayer, V. J. (1997). Global science literacy: An earth system view. Journal of research in science teaching, 34(2), 101-105.
31. Mayer, V. J. & Armstrong, R. E. (1990). What every 17-year old should know about planet Earth: The report of a conference of educators and geo-scientists. Science Education, 74 (2), 155-165.
32. Mayer, V. J., Armstrong, R. E., Barrow, L. H., Brown, S. M., Crowder, J.
N., Fortner, R. W., Graham, M., Hoyt, W. H., Humphris, S. E., Jax, D. W., Shay, E. L., & Shropshire, K. L. (1992). The role of planet earth in the new science curriculum. Journal of Geological Education, 40, 66-73.
33. Mayer, V. J. (in press). Earth system education: A case study of a
globally oriented science education program. In Merryfield M., E. Jarchow, & S. Pickert (Eds.), Preparing teachers to teach global perspectives: A handbook for teacher educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
34. Murdoch, K. (1993). Idea for environmental education – in the elementary classroom. Melbourne, Australia: Thomson Publishing Company.
35. Nicholson, M. (1987). The environmental age. New York, NY: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
36. North American Association for Environmental education (1997). The environmental education collection: a review of resources for educators. Troy OH: North American Association for Environmental education.
37. Palmer, J. A.(1998). Environmental education in the 21st century-theory, practice, progress and promise. NY: Routledge.
38. Rohwedder,W. J., Alm, “Rocky” A. (1994). Using computers in Environmental education: interactive multimedia and on-line learning. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing.
39. Sproull, J.(1991). Understanding #3: Advenced technologies for earth systems. Science Activities, 28, (1),19-22.
40. Stapp, W. B. (1969). The concept of environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 17(1), 13-22.
41. Stephen, B. (1991). Understanding #6: how bright is the sun? Science Activities, 28(1), 29-33.
42. Suiter M. J.(1991). Understanding #7: Helping pre-college students explore career options in earth-systems science. Science Activities, 28,1, 34-36.
43. Yasso, W. E.(1991). Understanding #1: Discovering science in art, literature, and music. Science Activities, 28, 1, 10-13.
中文部分
1. 王文科(2003)。教育研究法。台北:五南。
2. 王石蕃(1992)。傳播內容分析法。台北:幼獅。
3. 王少泉(1999)。探索新環境典範的內涵—環境教育專業人事對台灣環境議題態度之分析。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
4. 方潔玫(譯)(1994),Joseph Cornell著。共享自然的喜悅。台北:張老師。
5. 甘漢銧、熊召弟、鍾聖校(1994)。小學自然科教學研究。台北:師大書苑。
6. 石明卿(2001)。自然與生活科技學習領域的理念、特色與作法。載於國立花蓮師範學院九年一貫課程自然與生活科技學習領域研究及推動小組(主編),追求卓越-九年一貫課程的理念與實務—自然與生活科技學習領域。花蓮:花蓮師範學院。
7. 江志正(2002)。課程變革的時代意義及其對學校組織文化的衝擊。載於國立台中師院(主編),九年一貫課程理念與實例。台中,編者。
8. 李坤崇、歐慧敏著(2001)。統整課程理念與實務。台北:心理。
9. 李春生(2002)。自然與生活科技領域落實過程科技、科學認知和科學本質等科學素養的探討。載於教育部(主編),國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要能力指標研討會—自然與生活科技學習領域會議手冊。台北:國立編譯館。
10. 李春生(1997)。簡介美國地球體系教育。科學教育月刊,
11. 邱美虹 (1994): 科學課程革新—評介Project 2061, SS & C 和STS理念。科學教育月刊, 174, 2-12。
12. 邵瑞珍、皮連生、吳慶麟(2003)。教育心理學。上海:上海世紀出版集團、上海教育出版社。
13. 林義男、陳淳文(譯)(1989)。Robert P. Weber 著。內容分析法導論。台北:巨流出版公司。
14. 林清山(譯)(1997)。Richard E. Mayer 著。教育心理學—認知取向。台北:遠流出版社。
15. 林清江(2000)。國民教育九年一貫課程規劃專案報告。載於高強華主編,九年一貫課程革新論文集。台北:師大。
16. 林生傳(1999)。九年一貫課程的社會學評析。載於中華民國課程與教學學會(主編),九年一貫課程之展望。台北:揚智。
17. 許民陽(2002)。自然與生活科技第二階段教科書對能力指標落實初步分析。載於教育部(主編),國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要能力指標研討會—自然與生活科技學習領域會議手冊。台北:國立編譯館。
18. 張世忠(2001)。九年一貫課程教與學。台北:五南。
19. 郭實渝(1999)。以生態文化教育的觀點看環境教育。環境教育季刊,40, 15-23。
20. 蘇永明(2000)。九年一貫課程的哲學分析—以「實用能力」的概念為核心。載於財團法人國立台南師院校務發展文教基金會(主編),九年一貫課程-從理論、政策到執行(頁3到20)。高雄:復文。
21. 教育部(1999)。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要。台北:教育部。2004年5月19日,取自http://teach.eje.edu.tw/9CC/index.php
22. 教育部(1999)。國民中小學暫行課程綱要。台北:作者。
23. 教育部台灣省國民學校教師研習會(2000)。九年一貫課程的教與學。台北:作者。
24. 陳懿鈴(民87)。 環境議題探索學習歷程之研究。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
25. 黃嘉雄(2002)。九年一貫課程改革的省思與實踐。台北:心理。
26. 曾順信(民90)。國民小學應用網際網路推行環境教育之研究。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
27. 曾富林(2001)。環境覺知教育之探究—以國小五年級學生為例。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
28. 楊冠政(1996)。人類環境倫理信念的演進。環境教育季刊,28,7-20。
29. 楊冠政(1997)。環境教育。台北:明文書局。
30. 楊龍立(2000)。科學教導學—自然科學教材教法。台北:文景。
31. 楊智穎(2001)。九年一貫鄉土語言課程的政治文本分析及其對課程實踐的啟示。載於財團法人國立台南師院校務發展文教基金會、台灣教育社會學學會(主編),九年一貫課程與教育改革議題:教育社會學取向的分析。高雄:復文。
32. 楊洲松(1999)。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要之哲學分析。載於中華民國課程與教學學會(主編),九年一貫課程之展望。台北:揚智。
33. 董家莒(2000)。「問題解決」為基礎之電腦輔助教學成效。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
34. 歐用生(1984)。課程研究方法論-課程研究的社會學分析。高雄:復文。
35. 鄭春蕓和邱美虹(1995)。 環境教育與以STS為導向的科學教育。科學教育月刊, 180,17-20。
36. 賴麗琴(民90)。以「地球系統」為統整主軸之多元教學模組的研發與實踐。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
37. 賴麗琴和張俊彥(2000a):美國地球系統科學社區化課程發展計畫(EarthComm)簡介。科學教育月刊, 232, 61-67。
38. 鍾聖校(1999)。自然與科技課程教材教法。台北:五南。
39. 羅幸惠(譯)(2002)。Leslie, W. L. & Roth, C.E.著。筆記大自然。台中:鄉宇文化。
40. 羅珮華(1996)。地球科學教育在STS扮演的角色。科學教育月刊, 190, 23-27。