本研究旨在探討諾朵夫-羅賓斯創造性音樂療法，藉以從中釐清對音樂治
療的基本觀念與態度，並企求將此一療法引進國內，以期運用在我國的特
殊教育界、復健界及醫療界之治療工作上。筆者採理論分析及訪談的方式
來探究此一療法之起源與發展、理論基礎、實施模式、臨床成果，復加以
評析、討論，進而提出具體建議，以為我國未來發展該療法之參考。諾朵
夫-羅賓斯創造性音樂療法是在1959年由音樂家保羅‧諾朵夫和特殊教育
家克萊夫‧羅賓斯合作，為特殊兒童所發展出來的一套音樂療法；其理論
基礎是根植在斯坦納的人智學和馬斯洛的人本心理學之上，強調每個人，
無論殘障與否，都有與生具來的音樂性(稱之為音樂兒)及發展潛能，治療
的意義就在於用音樂將個案內在的能力引發出來，透過「音樂兒的活化」
、「自我功能的發展」、「舊我和新我的統整」三種人格改變作用，逐漸
達成自我實現的目標。創造性音樂療法是以治療對象為中心，強調表現而
非接受的療法。實施時，可分為個別治療和團體治療兩種形式，由主治療
師與協同治療師共同擔任治療工作；個別治療是以即興為主要的音樂活動
，由主治療師在鋼琴上即興，時而引導，時而跟隨，來幫助個案擊打樂器
或歌唱，而協同治療師則提供個案各種協助；團體治療是以歌唱、樂器、
戲劇表演、動作、舞蹈等結構性的活動為主，由主治療師負責指導整個活
動，協同治療師則彈奏音樂來配合活動的進行，讓成員在團體的互動當中
，逐漸達到其個別的治療目標。無論個別治療或團體治療，均以錄音、錄
影器材將治療過程錄製下來，以期能客觀地審視治療技巧與決定治療方向
。在各界人士的支持之下，「諾朵夫-羅賓斯音樂治療中心」分別在英
國(1975)、澳洲(1984)、德國(1985)、美國(1989)相繼成立，致力於音樂
治療的研究與推廣等工作，且將治療的範圍擴及到醫療院所中的各類病患
，對國際音樂治療領域的發展深具貢獻。筆者評析此一療法，提出「人性
化的治療觀」、「科學化的治療方式」、「對音樂文化的尊重」之特點，
以及「音樂兒的用語不合時宜」、「評估量表不具適用性」、「小組工作
模式推行不易」之缺憾；此外，亦從中釐清下列對音樂治療的基本觀念與
態度：1 音樂治療可以改善疾病，但不能完全治癒疾病。2 音樂治療可做
為治療團隊中的一環，起輔助之功能。3 音樂治療師的素質與經驗，影響
治療成效甚大。4 音樂治療需要時間，並非一蹴即成。最後，筆者提出下
列五點建議，以為我國發展創造性音樂療法之參考：1力求本土化2培訓音
樂治療師3建立證照制度4成立基金會暨研究機構5建立醫療網

This study shall attempt to delve into the development of the
Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music Therapy. The study shall start
its understanding from thefundamental concepts and attitude of
music therapy, to its arrival intothe domestic scene and its
applications in the fields of special education,physical therapy
and medical treatment of the country. The study shall employ
theoretical analysis and interviews in discovering the origin
and development, theoretical foundation, practical models and
clinical results of the subject matter. The study further aims
to evaluate, discuss and arriveinto concrete suggestions in the
hope of providing necessary references for future studies.The
Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music Therapy came to birth in1959. It
is a special form of therapy through music which was developed
bymusician Paul Nordoff and special education educator Clive
Robbins forhandicapped children. The theoretical foundation of
this therapy lies inSteiner's Anthrosophy and Maslow's
Humanistic Psychology; which propoundedthat each person,
handicapped or otherwise, has an inborn musicality (referred to
as the Music Child) and potentials. The significance of the
therapy liesin the use of music as a tool to arouse the internal
ability of the clients,in the goal of achieving self-
actualization through the following three formsof personality
transformation; "revitalization of the Music Child","development
of the ego" and the "integration of the old and new selves".
Creative Music Therapy centers treatment on the core of the
clients' being;it emphasizes more on performance rather than
acceptance. During actual implementation, the therapy is
divided into individual therapy and group therapy; therapy
sessions are conducted by the primary therapist and co-
therapist. Improvisation is the principal part of individual
therapy sessions. The primary therapist would play an
improvisation on the piano, occasionally stimulating and
occasionally flowing, to help the clients either play an
instrument or sing. The co-therapist on the other hand,
provides the necessary assistance to the client. Group therapy
sessions are mainly composed of organized activities such as
singing, playing musical instruments, acting, body movements,
dancing, etc. The primary therapist directs the entire activity
of the group; the co-therapist plays the musical accompaniment
needed for the activities. The session allows the clients to
gradually arrive to their own objectives through interaction.
However, regardless whether the type of therapy used is
individual or group; all sessions are recorded, both in audio
and video recording, during the entire course to allow for the
objective assessment of therapy technique and for the resolution
of future therapy directions. Multi-sectoral support made
possible the establishmentof the "Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music
Therapy Clinic" in Great Britain (1975), Australia (1984),
Germany (1985) and the United States (1989).The clinics worked
dedicatedly in music therapy research and promotion,as well as
introduced music therapy into the treatment of pathological
hospitalcases. This development contributed in bringing
international music therapyinto new heights. The evaluations
conducted by the author pointed out the"human angle of the
therapy","the scientific nature of the therapy", and"the
importance given to music culture" as the highlights of this
type of therapyand considered the drawbacks to be the "Music
Child as an inopportune term","lack of applicability of
evaluation scales" and the "difficulty in implementingthe Two
Person Team Model". Further, the study was able to come up with
thefollowing fundamental concepts and attitude of music
therapy:1. Music therapy can improve health conditions but can
not treat illnesses completely.2. Music therapy may be used to
supplement therapy teamwork.3. The expertise and the degree of
experience of the music therapist play a major influence on the
effectiveness of the therapy.4. Music therapy takes time,
results should not be expected to come in great leaps. Finally,
the author proposes the following suggestions for the
development of Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music Therapy in the
country:1. Adapt therapy to local culture. 2. Train music
therapists.3. Establish a certification system. 4. Establish a
foundation and researchinstitute for the purpose.5. Set up a
medical treatment network.
This study shall attempt to delve into the development of the