破囊壺菌是一種廣泛分佈於海洋、河口、鹽水湖以及紅樹林地區的原生生物，屬於羽狀鞭毛菌群。菌體為單中心，外形和壺菌相似，但是具有雙鞭毛的游孢子或是不具鞭毛的不動孢子。生長過程會出現孢子囊及外質網的構造。大部分的破囊壺菌會在藻類及高等植物的殘碎物上進行腐生，少數則寄生在無脊椎動物身上。有關破囊壺菌的生活史，目前只被觀察到無性生殖的部分，有性生殖的部分則尚未被觀察到。本次實驗在臺北縣淡水鎮竹圍紅樹林自然保留區內進行水樣的採樣工作，以維吉尼亞松樹花粉作為誘餌加以誘釣，並使用含有抗生素的KMV培養基以塗佈及劃線的方法，分離及純化破囊壺菌。在獲得破囊壺菌的純培養之後，再將破囊壺菌轉移至不含抗生素的KMV培養基上，或是以滅菌海水加上滅菌花粉的海水松樹花粉培養基中加以培養，作為菌種的觀察以及形態學上描述和菌種鑑定的依據。本次實驗結果共獲得三屬十四種的破囊壺菌生物。其中破囊壺菌屬（Traustochytrium）八種，包括：動孢破囊壺菌（T. motivum Goldstein）、金黃破囊壺菌（T. aureum Goldstein）、羅氏破囊壺菌（T. rossi Bahnweg and Sparrow）、金尼破囊壺菌（T. kinnei Gaertner）、南極破囊壺菌（T. antarticum Bahnweg and Sparrow）、厚皮破囊壺菌（T. pachydermum Scholz）、聚合破囊壺菌（T. aggregatum Ulken）、未紀錄的破囊壺菌（T. sp.）。裂殖壺菌屬（Schizochytrium）兩種，包括：聚合裂殖壺菌（S. aggregatum Goldstein and Belsky）、蛞蝓裂殖壺菌（S. limacinum Honda and Yokochi）。吾肯氏壺菌屬（Ulkenia）四種，包括：威瑟氏吾肯氏壺菌（U. visurgensis （Ulken） Gaertner）、沙氏吾肯氏壺菌（U. sarkariana Gaertner）、星狀吾肯氏壺菌（U. radiate Gaertner）、未紀錄的吾肯氏壺菌（U. sp.）。其中有兩種是臺灣地區的新紀錄種，分別為蛞蝓裂殖壺菌及沙氏吾肯氏壺菌。另外也發現有兩種未被紀錄過的破囊壺菌，分別屬於破囊壺菌屬以及吾肯氏壺菌屬。

Traustochytrid is a kind of Protista distributing widely in the littorals, estuaries, saline lakes and mangrove areas. They belong to Chrostima. Thalli are monocentric and are similar to the genus Chytridium. They have diflagellate zoospores or non-flagellate aplanospores. Thalli include sporangia and ectoplamic nets. Most traustochytrids are saprophytic on the debris of high vascular bundle plants and algae, and some are parasitic on invertebrate. No thraustochytrids have been documented about their sexual reproduction in life cycle. Traustochytrids in this experiment are isolated from the water sample collected in Danshui mangrove in Jhuwei, Taipei and baited by the Virginia pine pollen. They are isolated and purified by streaking on the KMV media containing antibiotics. When getting the pure isolate, they are transferred to the KMV media without antibiotics or to the incubated seawater and pine pollen media. The observation and description are made according to their morphological characteristics in the KMV media or in the seawater and pine pollen media. In this experiment, three genus and fourteen species are examined sucessessfully： eight species of Traustochytrium： T. motivum Goldstein, T. aureum Goldstein, T. rossi Bahnweg and Sparrow, T. kinnei Gaertner, T. antarticum Bahnweg and Sparrow, T. pachydermum Scholz, T. aggregatum Ulken and T. sp.； two species of Schizochytrium： S. aggregatum Goldstein and Belsky and S. limacinum Honda and Yokochi； four species of Ulkenia： U. visurgensis （Ulken） Gaertner, U. sarkariana Gaertner, U. radiate Gaertner and U. sp.. There are two new recorded species in Taiwan, including S. limacinum and U. sarkariana. The auther also discovered two new species, which belong to the genera Traustochytrium and Ulkenia.

Agate, A. D. 1995(2). Friendly bacteria from the mangroves. ISME No.14, p.3.
Alderman, D. J., and E. B. G. Jones. 1971. Physiological requirements of two marine Phycomycetes, Althornia crouchii and Astrocoblabe implex. Trans. Brit. Mycol. 25:345-357.
Alderman, D. J., J. L. Harrison, G. B. Bremer, and E. B. Jones. 1974. Taxonomic revisions in the marine biflagellate fungi. The ultrastructural evidence. Marine Biol. 25:345-357.
Alexopoulos, C. J., C. W. Mims and M. Blackwell. 1996. Phylum Labyrintholumycota net slime molds. In Introduction Mycology, 4th ed. Acad. Press. Pp.743-750.
Amon, J. P. 1978. Thraustochytrids and Labyrinthulids of terrestrial, aquatic and hypersaline environments of the great salt lake, USA. Mycologia 70:1299-1301.
Bahnweg, G. and F. K. Sparrow, Jr. 1972. Aplanochytrium kerguelensis gen. nov. spec. nov., a new Phycomycetes from subantartic marine water. Arch. Mikrobiol. 81:45-49.
Bahnweg, G. and F. K. Sparrow, Jr. 1974. Four new species of Traustochytrium from Antarctic regions, with notes on the distribution of zoosporic fungi in the anatric marine ecosystem. Amer. J. Bot. 61（7）:754-766, 33figs.
Bajpai, P., P. K. Bajpai and O. P. Ward, 1991. Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Traustochytrium aureum. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35:706-710.
Barclay, W. 1996. Nutritional enhancement of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in rotifers and Artemia nauplii by feeding spradried Schizochytrium sp. J. World Aquaculture Soc. 27(3):314-322.
Bongiorni, L. 1998. Seasonal change and species assemblage of Mediterranean traustochytrid community. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology. Italian Section Society of Protozoologists. 19th Annual Meeting, October 27-28,1998. 1998 by the Society of Protozoologists
Booth, T. and C. E. Miller. 1968. Comparative morphologic and taxonomic studies in the genus Traustochytrium. Mycologica 60:480-495.
Bower, S. M., D. J. Whitaker, and D. Voltolina. 1989. Resistance to ozone of zoospores of the thraustochytrid Abalone parasite, Labyrinthuloides haliotidis.（Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha）. Aquaculture. 78:147-152.
Bowles, R. D., A. E. Hunt, G. B. Bremer, M. G. Duchar and R. A. Eaton. 1999. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid production by members of the marine protistan group the traustochytrids: screening of isolates and optimization of docosahexaenoic acid prosuction. Jounal of Biotechnology 70： 193-202.
Bremer, G. B. 1995. Hydrobiologia. 295：89-95. In Y. S. Wong and N. F. Y. Tam( eds.), Asia - Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystem. 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed by in Belgium.
Cavalier-Smith, T. and M. T. E. P. Allosopp. 1996. Corallochytrium, an enigmatic non-flagellate protozoan related to choanoflagellates. European J. Protistol. 32（3）:306-310.
Cavalier-Smith, T., M. T. E. P. Allosopp, and E. E. Chao. 1994. Traustochytrids are chromists, not fungi: 18SRNA signatures of heterokonta. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 346:387-397.
Chamberlain, A. H. L. 1980. Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies on the cell wall of Traustochytrium spp. Bot. Mar. 23:669-677.
Chen, S. F. and C. Y. Chien, 2002. Six proliferous species of Traustochytrium from Taiwan. Taiwania, 47(2): 106-114.
Coleman, N. K. and J. R. Vestal, 1987. An epifluorescent microscopy study of enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate associated with the ectoplasmic of the protest Traustochytrium striatum. Can. J. Microbiol. 33:841-843.
Darley, W. M., and M. S. Fuller, 1970. Cell wall chemistry and taxonomy position of Schizochytrium. Amer. J. Bot. 57:761.
Darley, W. M., D. Porter, and M. S. Fuller. 1973. Cell wall composition and synthesis via gologidirected scale formation in marine eukaryote Traustochytrium aggregatum, with a note on Traustochytrium sp. Arch. Microbiol. 90:89-106.
Ellenbogen, B. B., S. Aaronson, S. Goldstein and M. Belsky, 1969. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of aquatic fungi: possible phylogenetic significance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 29:805-811.
Fuller, M. S., B. E. Fowles, and D. J. Mclaughlin. 1964. Isolation and pure culture study of marine Phycomycetes. Mycologia 56:745-756.
Gaertner, A. 1967. Ökologische Untersuchungen an einem marinen Pilz aus der Umgebung von Helgoland. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 15:181-192, 20 figs.
Gaertner, A. 1969. Marine niedere pilze in nordsee und nordatlantik. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. Bd. 82:287-306.
Gaertner, A. 1970. Biobachtungen uber die sporulation der dickwandigen sporangien von Traustochytrium kinnei Gaertner. Veroff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 12:321-327.
Gaertner, A. 1971. Traustochytrium kinnei （traustochytriaceous） vegetative entwicklung. Editor by G. Wolf. Inst. Fur. den Wissenscha. Film. （B1078/1971）, Gottingen.
Gaertner, A. 1972. Characters used in the classification of thraustochytriaceous fungi. Veroff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 13:183-194.
Gaertner, A. 1977. Revision of the Traustochytriaceae（ Lower marine fungi I.） Ulkenia nov. gen., with description of three new species. Verőff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 16:139-157, 7figs.
Gaertner, A. 1981. A new marine phycomycete, Schizochytrium minutum, sp. nov.（thraustochytriaceae） from saline habitats. Veroff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 19:61-69.
Gams, W., H. A. van der Aa, A. J. van der Plaats - Niterink, P. A. Samson and J. A. Stalpters. 1987. CBS Course of Mycology. 3rd edition. Published and distributed by Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands.
Goldstein, S. 1963a. Morphological variation and nutrition of a new monocentric marine fungus. Arch. Mikrobiol. 45:101-110, 12 figs.
Goldstein, S. 1963b. Studies of a new species of Thraustochytrium that displays light stimulated growth. Mycologia 55:799-811.
Goldstein, S. 1963c. Development and nutrition of new species of Thraustochytrium. Am. J. Bot. 50:271-279, 21 figs.
Goldstein, S. 1973. Zoosporic marine fungi（Thraustochytriaceae and Dermocystidiaceae） Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 27:13-26.
Goldstein, S. and L. Moriber. 1966. Biology of a problematical marine fungus, Dermocystidium sp. I. Development and cytology. Arch. Mikrobiol. 53:1-11.
Goldstein, S. and M. Belsky. 1964. Axenic culture studies of a new marine Phycomycete possessing an unusual type of asexual reproduction. Am. J. Bot. 51（1）72-78.
Honda, D. Yokochi, T., Nakahara, T., Erata, M., Higashihara T., 1998. Schizochytrium limacinum sp. nov., a new thraustochytrid from a mangrove area in the west Pacific Ocean. Mycol. Res. 102(4): 439-448.
Iida, I., T. Nakahara, T. Yokochi, Y. Kamisaka, H. Yagi, M. Yamaoka, and O. Suzuki. 1996. Improvement of docosahexaenoic acid production in a culture of Thraustochytrium aureum by medium optimization. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 81（1）:76-78.
Johnson, T. W. and F. K. Sparrow. 1961. In Johnson and Sparrow, Fungi in Oceans and Estuaries, p. 331.
Johnson, T. W., Jr. 1976. The Phycomycetes: Morphology and taxonomy. In Jones, Recent advances in aquatic mycology, chap. 7:193-211.
Jones, E. B. G., J. L. Harrison, D. J. Alderman,and G. Bremer. 1978. Some problems in the taxonomy of marine biflagellate fungi. Proc. Intern. Symp. on Taxonomy of Fungi pt. 1:70-81.
Kamlangdee, N. and K. W. Fan. Polyunsaturated fatty acid production by Schizochytrium sp. isolated from mangrove. Songklanakarian J. Sci. Technol., 2003, 25（5）：643-650.
Karling, J. S. 1981. Predominantly holocarpic and eucarpic simple biflagellate Phycomycetes（Second fully revised edition with 64 plates）, pp.165~198. 13pls. J. Cramer. Germany.
Kazama, F. Y. 1974. Ultrastructure of Traustochytrium sp. zoospores. IV. external morphology with notes on the zoospores of Schizochytrium sp. Mycologia 66:272-280.
Kazama, F. Y., A. L. Zachary, and K. L. Schornstein. 1975. Observations on Traustochytrium sp.: development and behavior in culture. Can. J. Bot. 53:360-374.
Kendrick, A., and C. Ratledge. 1992. Lipids of selected molds grown for production of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 27（1）:15-20.
Kobayashi, Y., and M. Ookubo. 1953. Studies on marine Phycomycetes [1]. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.（Tokyo） 33:53-65, 9 figs.
Kumar, S. R. 1987. Occurrence of the Thraustochytrid, Corallochytrium limacisporum gen. et. Sp. nov. in the coral reef lagoons of the lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. Botanica Marina 30:83-89.
Kumar, S. R. 1988a. Detection of thraustochytrid protist Ulkenia visurgensis in a hydroid, using immunofluorescence. Mar. Biol. 97:253-258.
Kumar, S. R. 1988b. Schizochytrium octosporum sp. nov.and other Thraustochytrids from the north sea. （Rosfjord, Norway）. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 90(2): 273-278.
Kumar, S. R. 1988c. Schizochytrium mangrovei sp. nov., A thraustochytrid from mangroves in India. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90(4): 627-631.
Kumar, S. R. 1992. Bacterivory: a novel dual role for thraustochytrids in the sea. Mar. Biol. 113:165-169.
Lacerda, L. D. de. 1998(7). Trace metals biochemistry and diffuse pollution in mangrove ecosystems. ISME mangrove ecosystems occasional papers No.2.
McLean, N. and D. Porter, 1982. The yellow-spot disease of Tritonia diomedea Bergh,1894（ Mullusca： Gastropoda： Nudibranchia）: encarpsulation of the thraustochytriaceous parasite by host amoebocytes. J. Parasitol. 68（2）:243-252.
Moss, S. T. 1980. Ultrastructure of the endomembrane – sagenogenetosome – ectoplasmic net complex in Ulkenia visurgensis（Traustochytrids）.Bot. Mar. 23:73-94.
Nakahara, T., T. Yokochi, T. Higashihara, S. Tanaka, T. Yaguchi and D. Honda, 1996. Production of docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid by Schizohytrium sp. isolated from Yap Islands. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1421-1426.
Olive, L. S. 1975. The Mycetozoans. IX-287 pp. Academic Press, New York.
Perkins, F. O. 1972. The ultrastructure of holdfasts, “rhizoids,” and “slime tracks” in thraustochytriaceous fungi and Labyrinthula spp. Arch. Microbiol. 84:95-118.
Perkins, F. O. 1973. A new species of marine labyrinthulid Labyrinthuloides yorkensis gen. nov., spec. nov., cytology and fine structure. Arch. Mikrobiologie 90:1-17.
Perkins, F. O. 1976. Fine structure of lower marine and estuarine fungi. Pp. 279-312. In: Recent advances in aquatic mycology. Ed. E. B. G. Jones. Wiley, New York.
Polglase, J. L. 1980. A preliminary report on the Traustochytrid(s) and Labyrinthulid(s) associated with a pathological condition in the lesser octopus Eledone cirrhosa. Botanica Marina 23:699-706.
Porter, D. 1986. Mycoses of marine organisms: An overview of pathogen fungi. Pp.141-153. In: The biology of marine fungi. Ed. S. T. Moss. Cambridge University Press, London, U. K.
Porter, D. 1987a. Labyrinthulomycetes. Pp.110-111. In M. Fuller, and A. Jaworski（eds.）, Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research, southeastern publishing corporation, Athens, Georgia, U. S. A.
Porter, D. 1987b. Traustochytriaceae. Pp.114-115. In M. Fuller, and A. Jaworski（eds.）, Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research, southeastern publishing corporation, Athens, Georgia, U. S. A.
Porter, D. 1987c. Isolation of Zoosporic Marine Fungi. Pp.128-129. In M. Fuller, and A. Jaworski（eds.）, Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research, southeastern publishing corporation, Athens, Georgia, U. S. A.
Porter, D. 1989. Phylum Labyrintholomycota. Pp. 388-398. In: Handbook of Protoctista. Eds. L. Margulis, J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian and D. J. Chapman. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.
Porter, D. 1990. Phylum Labyrintholomycota. pp. 388-398. In: Handbook of Protoctista. Eds. L. Margulis, J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian and D. J. Chapman. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.
Porter, D. and W. L. Lingle, 1992. Endolithic thraustochytrid marine fungi from planted shell fragment. Mycologia 84（3）:289-299.
Rinkevich, B. 1990. Cell culture from marine invertebrate: obstacles, new approaches and recent improvement. J. Biotech. 70, pp. 133-153.
Ross, I. N. 1979. The Gymnomyxa: the slime molds and associates. Pp. 210-215. In Biology of The Fungi.
Schneider, V. J. 1967. Ein neuer mariner phycomycete aus der kieler bucht（Thraustochytrium striatum spec. nov.）. Kieler Meeresforsch, 23:16-20.
Scholz, E. 1958. Über morphologische Modifiktionen bei niederen Erdphycomyceten und Beschreibung zweier neuer Arten von Rhizophydium und Traustochytrium. Arch. Mikrobiol. 29:354-362, 4 text-figs.
Singh, A. and O. P. Ward, 1996. Production of high yields of docosahexaenoic acid by Traustochytrium roseum. ATCC 28210. J. Indus. Microbiol. 16:370-373.
Singh, A., S. Wilson and O. P. Ward, 1996. Docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） production by Traustochytrium sp. ATCC 20892. World J. Microbiol. and Biotechnol. 12:76-81.
Sparrow, F. K. Jr. 1936. Biological observations on the marine fungi of woods hole water. Biol. Bull. 70:236-263.
Sparrow, F. K. Jr. 1943. Aquatic Phycomycetes, 1st. ed. VII-785 pp. 69 figs. Univ. Mich. Press, Ann Arbor.
Sparrow, F. K. 1969. Zoosporic marine fungi from the Pacific Northwest（U.S.A.）. Arch. Mikrobiol. 66:129-146.
Sparrow, F. K. Jr., 1973. Mastigomycotina（ Zoosporic fungi）. Chap. A in Ainswerth, et al. The fungi IVB:61-73.
Sparrow, F. K. 1976. The present status of classification in biflagellate fungi. Pp. 213-222 in Gareth Jones, Resent advance in aquatic mycology. J. Wiley and Sons, N. Y.
Ulken, A. 1965. Zwei neue Traustochytrien aus der Aussenweser. Verőff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 9:289-294. 2 pls.
Ulken, A. 1981. The phycomycete flora of mangrove swamps in the south Pacific. Veroff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 19:45-59.
Ulken, A., and F. O. Sparrow, 1986. Estimation of thraustochytrid propagules in two mangrove swamps. Bot. Mar. 29:85-89.
Vishniac, H. S. 1955. The morphology and nutrition of a new species of Sirdpiolium. Mycologia 47: 633-645, 8fig.
Vishniac, H. S. 1960. Salt requirements of marine Phycomycetes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 5:362-365.
Vishniac, H. S. and G. A. Riley, 1961. Cobalamin and thiamine in Long Island Sound: patterns of distribution and ecological significance. Limnol. Oceanogr. 6:36-41.
Volz, P. A.,Y. C. Hsu and C. H. Liu. 1976. The Traustochyriceae and other intertidal fungi of Taiwan. Taiwania 21(1):1-5.
Weete , J. D., H. Kim, S. R. Gandhi,Y. Wang, and R. Dute, 1997. Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185. Lipids 32（8）:839-845.
Yap, C. Y. and S. F. Chen, 2001. Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Traustochytrium sp. Abstracts, 44th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Federation of Biological Societies, Ottawa, Canada, p.68.
Yokochi, T., D. Honda, T. Higashihara, and T. Nakahara. 1998. Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49:72-76.
許美蓮，1992。陽明山國家公園壺菌目形態、分類學之研究。國立臺灣師範大學生物研究所碩士班論文，共九十五頁。
蔡喬筑，1999。台灣北部沿海地區破囊壺菌科形態、分類學之研究。國立臺灣師範大學生物研究所碩士班論文，共七十九頁。
羅婉珉，1991。台灣產數種破囊壺菌科形態、分類學之研究。國立臺灣師範大學生物研究所碩士班論文，共六十五頁。