簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 謝瑞麟
Rey-lin Hsieh
論文名稱: 掀開芬妮的秘密: 約翰‧克里蘭之《歡場女子回憶錄》哲學的/社會歷史的/文本的研究
Unfolding Fanny's Secrets: A Philosophical/Social-historical/Textual Study of John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman o f Pleasure
指導教授: 賴守正
Lai, Shou-Cheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 1999
畢業學年度: 87
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 96
中文關鍵詞: 十八世紀小說書信體性意識唯物主義常態色情作品
英文關鍵詞: eighteenth century, novel, epistolary, sexuality, materialism, normality, pornography
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:168下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 約翰‧克里蘭之《歡場女子回憶錄》(《芬妮‧希爾》)是一本由兩封虛構書信所構成的性小說(sexual fiction)。在書中,敘事者芬妮向受信女士透露其賣淫史。疊藏於此書信體小說乃芬妮的性秘密。此篇論文旨在以三種不同的(哲學的、社會歷史的及文本的)觀點來檢視芬妮的性秘密。
    在第二章裡,笛卡兒、拉梅特利與《芬妮‧希爾》之間將建立起某種連結。笛卡兒相信非物質靈魂的存在及人類語言的獨特性,而在《機器人》中,拉梅特利將人視為一部由彈簧構成的機器,靈魂乃此機器之主要彈簧的一部分,同時,拉梅特利推測教導猿猴說話的可能性。此外,他在《機器人》中詳述想像(imagination)此一觀念。機器與彈簧此二種唯物意像亦出現在《回憶錄》裡,而如同拉梅特利,克里蘭於《回憶錄》中顯示出想像之重要性和想像與性之間的交互作用。
    在第三章中,首先,我提供一份對啟蒙時期英國性意識學術式的重構,並證明《回憶錄》乃一啟蒙產物。之後,將檢視小說中性意識型態--性非/常態--的建構。在《回憶錄》中,克里藍將婚姻的、再造的異性戀性模式建構為性常態,而此性常態把小說中其他的性實踐排斥為性非常態。
    在第四章,我嘗試將《回憶錄》視為一個成功激起讀者性慾的文學文本。焦點擺在小說的敘事技巧以及小說第一人稱敘事者的用法。《回憶錄》中充滿了對性器官的描述及性活動的敘述,這些描述/敘述持續不斷地引誘著讀者,然而小說亦關切其他生活面向之再現,它不是一個無時間/無地點的色情烏托邦(pornotopia)。就《回憶錄》的敘事者而言,文本中女性的"我"提供男性作者與讀者一個能夠滿足性欲望的文本/想像空間,因此,芬妮的性秘密實際上是男人的性幻想。
    第五章重述前三章之要點,此外,亦指出此論文乃一掀開芬妮秘密的過程。

    Composed of two fictional letters, John Cleland's
    Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (commonly known as Fanny Hill) is a sexual fiction in which Fanny, the narrator, confides her history of prostitution to her addressee, Madam. Folded within this epistolary novel are Fanny's sexual secrets. This thesis aims to examine Fanny's sexual secrets from three different (philosophical, socio-historical, and textual) perspectives.
    In chapter two, a certain link is made between Descartes, La Mettrie, and Fanny Hill. Descartes believes in the immaterial soul and the uniqueness of human speech, while in L'Homme machine La Mettrie sees human being as a machine made of springs in which the soul is one part of its mainspring, and he speculates on the possibility of teaching an ape to speak. Besides, La Mettrie elaborates on the notion of imagination in L'Homme machine. The materialist images of the machine and the spring also appear in the Memoirs, and, like La Mettrie, in the Memoirs Cleland shows the importance of imagination and the interplay between imagination and sexuality.
    In chapter three, first, I offer an academic reconstruction of sexuality in the Enlightenment Britain and I demonstrate the Memoirs as an Enlightenment product. Then, I examine the novel's construction of the sexual ideology of sexual ab/normality. In the Memoirs, Cleland constructs marital, reproductive heterosexuality as the sexual normality, which excludes all the other sexual practices in the novel as sexually abnormal.
    In chapter four I try to see the Memoirs as a successful sexually-arousing literary text. The focus is on its narrative techniques and the use of the first-person narrator. The Memoirs is filled with descriptions of sexual organs and narrations of sexual activities that keep seducing the reader, but it is also concerned with representation of other aspects of life. It is not a timeless/placeless pornotopia. In terms of the narrator, the textually female "I" offers a textual/ imaginary space where male author and reader can fulfill their sexual desires. Hence, Fanny's sexual secrets are in fact men's sexual fantasies.
    Chapter five recapitulates the previous three chapters. Besides, it points out that this thesis is a process of unfolding Fanny's secrets.

    Table of Contents Chapters One Introduction: Fanny's Folded Secrets------- 1 Two A Philosophical Study of the Memoirs: Descartes, La Mettrie and Fanny Hill------- 9 Three A Socio-historical Study of the Memoirs: The Construction of Sexual Ab/Normality in Fanny Hill----------------------------- 30 Four A Textual Study of the Memoirs: Narrative and Narrator in Fanny Hill------ 61 Five Conclusion: Fanny's Secrets Unfolded------ 82 Works Cited -------------------------------------- 90

    Works Cited
    Atkins, John. High Noon: The Seventeenth and Eighteenth
    Centuries. London: John Calder, 1982. Vol. 4 of Sex
    in Literature. 4 vols.
    Barthes, Roland. "The Death of the Author." Image Music
    Text. Trans. Stephen Heath. New York: Noonday, 1988.
    142-48.
    Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. New York: New
    American Library, 1956.
    Bradbury, Malcolm. "Fanny Hill and the Comic Novel."
    Critical Quarterly 13 (1971): 263-75.
    Braudy, Leo. "Fanny Hill and Materialism." Eighteenth-
    Century Studies 4 (1970): 21-40.
    Brumfitt, J. H. "Sensationalism, Scientific Materialism
    and Evolution." The French Enlightenment. London:
    Macmillan, 1972. 99-132.
    Bullough, Vern L. "Prostitution and Reform in Eighteenth-
    Century England." 'Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized
    Sexuality During the Enlightenment. Ed. Robert P.
    Maccubbin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1987. 61-74.
    Bullough, Vern and Bonnie Bullough. Women and Prostitution:
    A Social History. New York: Prometheus, 1987.
    Butt, John. The Mid-Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon,
    1979.
    Charney, Maurice. Sexual Fiction. London: Methuen, 1981.
    Cleland, John. Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. Oxford:
    Oxford UP, 1985.
    Day, Martin S. History of English Literature 1660-1837.
    New York: Double Day, 1963.
    Descartes, Rene. "To More." 5 Feb. 1649. The Philoso-
    phical Writings of Descartes. Vol. 3. Trans. John
    Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch and
    Anthony Kenny. New York: Cambridge UP, 1991. 360-67.
    3 Vols.
    Eagleton, Terry. The Rape of Clarrisa: Writing, Sexuality
    and Class Struggle in Samuel Richardson. Minneapolis:
    U of Minnesota P, 1982.
    Epstein, Julia. "Fanny's Fanny: Epistolarity, Eroticism,
    and the Transsexual Text." Writing the Female Voice:
    Essays on Epistolary Literature. Ed. Elizabeth C.
    Goldsmith. Boston: Northeastern UP, 1989. 135-53.
    Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Volume I: An
    Introduction. 1978. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York:
    Vintage, 1990.
    Foxon, David. Libertine Literature in England 1660-1745.
    New York: University Books, 1965.
    Gautier, Gary. "Fanny's Fantasies: Class, Gender, and the
    Unreliable Narrator in Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of
    Pleasure." Style 28.2 (1994): 133-45.
    Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Vol. 1
    & 2. New York: Knopf, 1966-69. 2 Vols.
    Gordon, George N. Erotic Communications: Studies in Sex,
    Sin and Censorship. New York: Communication Arts,
    1980.
    Goulemot, Jean Marie. Forbidden Texts: Erotic Literature
    and Its Readers in Eighteenth-Century France. Trans.
    James Simpson. Cambridge: Polity, 1994.
    Graham, Rosemary. "The Prostitute in the Garden: Walt
    Whitman, Fanny Hill, and the Fantasy of Female
    Pleasure." ELH 64.2 (1997): 569-97.
    Hunt, Lynn. Introduction. The Invention of Pornography.
    Ed. Lynn Hunt. New York: Zone, 1993. 9-45.
    Ivker, Barry. "John Cleland and the Marquis d'Argens:
    Eroticism and Natural Morality in Mid-Eighteenth
    Century English and French Fiction." Mosaic 8.2
    (1975): 141-48.
    Kahn, Madeleine. Narrative Transvestism. Ithaca: Cornell
    UP, 1991.
    Kendrick, Walter. The Secret Museum: Pornography in
    Modern Culture. 1987. Berkeley: U of California P,
    1996.
    Kopelson, Kevin. "Seeing Sodomy: Fanny Hill's Blinding
    Vision." Summers, Homosexuality 173-83.
    La Mettrie, Julien Offray de. "Machine Man." Machine Man
    and Other Writings. Ed. and Trans. Ann Thomson. New
    York: Cambridge UP, 1996. 1-39.
    Loth, David Goldsmith. The Erotic in Literature: A
    Historical Survey of Pornography as Delightful as It
    Is Indiscreet. Lodon: Secter, 1962.
    Marcus, Steven. The Other Victorians: A Study of Sexuality
    and Pornography in Mid-Nineteenth Century England.
    New York: Basic, 1966.
    Markley, Robert. "Language, Power, and Sexuality in
    Cleland's Fanny Hill." Philological Quarterly 63.3
    (1984): 343-56.
    Mengay, Donald H. "The Sodomitical Muse: Fanny Hill and
    the Rhetoric of Crossdressing." Summers,
    Homosexuality 185-98.
    Miller, Nancy K. "A Harlot's Progress: II." The Heroine's
    Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1772-
    1782. New York: Columbia UP, 1980. 51-66.
    ---. "'I's' in Drag: The Sex of Recollection." The
    Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 22.1
    (1981): 47-57.
    Porter, Roy. "Mixed Feelings: The Enlightenment and
    Sexuality in Eighteenth-Century Britain." Sexuality
    in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Ed. Paul-Gabriel
    Bouce. Totowa: Manchester UP, 1982. 1-27.
    Porter, Roy and Lesley Hall. "Contexts: from the Restora-
    tion to the Accession of Queen Victoria." The Facts
    of life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledge in Britain,
    1650-1850. New Haven: Yale UP, 1995. 14-32.
    Probyn, Clive T. English Fiction of the Eighteenth Century
    1700-1789. London: Longman, 1987.
    Quennell, Peter. Introduction. Memoirs of a Woman of
    Pleasure. By Cleland. New York: Putnamn's, 1963.
    v-xxviii.
    Ragussis, Michael. Acts of Naming: The Family Plot in
    Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1986.
    Rosenthal, David M. Introduction. Materialism and the
    Mind-Body Problem. Ed. David M. Rosenthal. Engle-
    wood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971. 1-17.
    Roussel, Roy. "Fanny Hill and the Androgynous Reader."
    The Conversation of the Sexes: Seduction and Equality
    in Selected Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Texts.
    New York: Oxford UP, 1986. 37-66.
    Rubin, Gayle. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of
    the Politics of Sexuality." Pleasure and Danger:
    Exploring Female Sexuality. Ed. Carole S. Vance.
    Boston: Routledge, 1984. 267-319.
    Sabor, Peter. Introduction. Memoirs of a Woman of
    Pleasure. By Cleland. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1985. vii-
    xxvi.
    Scholes, Robert. Semiotics and Interpretation. New Haven:
    Yale UP, 1982.
    Sontag, Susan. "The Pornographic Imagination." Styles of
    Radical Will. 1969. New York: Anchor, 1991.
    35-73.
    Spacks, Patricia Meyer. "Female Changelessness; or, What
    Do Women Want?" Studies in the Novel 19.3 (1987):
    273-83.
    Stone, Lawrence. The Family, Sex and Marriage in England
    1500-1800. 1977. New York: Penguin, 1990. Abridged
    Edition.
    Summers, Claude J., ed. Homosexuality in Renaissance and
    Enlightenment: Literary Representations in Historical
    Context. New York: Haworth, 1992.
    Thomson, Ann. Introduction. Machine Man and Other
    Writings. By La Mettrie. Ed. and Trans. Ann Thomson.
    New York: Cambridge UP, 1996. ix-xxvi.
    Todd, Janet. Women's Friendship in Literature. New York:
    Columbia UP, 1980.
    Trumbach, Randolph. "Erotic Fantasy and Male Libertinism
    in Enlightenment England." Hunt, Invention 253-82.
    ---. "London's Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders
    in the Making of Modern Culture." Body Guards: The
    Cultural Politics of Gender Ambiguity. Eds. Julia
    Epstein and Kristina Straub. New York: Routledge,
    1991. 112-41.
    ---. "Modern Prostitution and Gender in Fanny Hill:
    Libertine and Domesticated Fantasy." Sexual Under-
    worlds of the Enlightenment. Eds. G. S. Rousseau and
    Roy Porter. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1987. 69-85.
    ---. "Sex, Gender, and Sexual Identity in Modern Culture:
    Male Sodomy and Female Prostitution in Enlightenment
    London." Forbidden History: The State, Society, and
    the Regulation of Sexuality in Modern Europe. Ed.
    John C. Fout. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1992. 89-
    106.
    Turner, James Grantham. "'Illustrious Depravity' and the
    Erotic Sublime." The Age of Johnson 2 (1989): 1-38.
    Weed, David. "Fitting Fanny: Cleland's Memoirs and the
    Politics of Male Pleasure." Novel 31.1 (1997): 7-20.
    Weeks, Jeffrey. Sexuality. London: Ellis Horwood Limited,
    1986.

    無法下載圖示
    QR CODE