簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 謝漱石
論文名稱: 急性阻力運動對老年與年輕男性執行功能與腦血流之影響
指導教授: 方進隆
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 55
中文關鍵詞: 急性運動局部腦血流Sternberg作業Go/No-go作業
英文關鍵詞: acute exercise, regional cerebral blood flow, Sternberg task, Go/No-Go task
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:418下載:38
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 目的: 本研究之主要目的為: (一) 探討中等強度急性阻力運動對老年與年輕男性執行功能的影響,並觀察年齡是否影響急性阻力運動對執行功能的效果; (二) 探討急性阻力運動對老年與年輕男性前額葉血流變化的影響; (三) 了解執行功能表現與前額葉血流變化之相關。方法:招募老年組 (65-69歲) 與年輕組 (21-30歲) 各20名,以Sternberg Working Memory Task (測量工作記憶) 與Go/No-Go Task (測量反應抑制) 來測量執行功能,並以近紅外線光譜儀來測量右半腦前額葉血流的變化。參與者以平衡次序的方式參加四次主要實驗處理 (工作記憶情境-運動處理、工作記憶情境-控制處理、反應抑制情境-運動處理、反應抑制情境-控制處理) 。阻力運動內容包含8個肌肉群運動:坐姿胸推、腿部前伸、滑輪下拉、腿部後曲、坐姿划船、大腿推蹬、坐姿肩推、肱二頭彎曲,每個運動進行2組,每組10次反覆次數,以70% 10RM (約50% 1RM) 為強度。參與者行為表現與前額葉血流的資料以變化率 (% change) 呈現。統計分析方法以三因子及二因子重複量數變異數分析來檢驗阻力運動對不同年齡組在行為表現與前額葉血流變化的影響。假使阻力運動對行為表現與前額葉血流變化皆有影響,進而以皮爾遜績差相關分析來了解行為表現與前額葉血流變化之相關。結果:經統計分析後發現: (一) 中等強度急性阻力運動能顯著提升年輕組在Sternberg作業的反應時間變化率 (p ≤ .05) ,進步幅度沒有作業難度間的差異;相反的,急性阻力運動對老年組的反應時間變化率沒有正面影響; (二) 急性阻力運動能顯著提升年輕組在Go/No-Go作業中Go情境的反應時間變化率 (p ≤ .05) ,對老年組同樣無正面影響; (三) 兩組參與者在Sternberg與Go/No-Go作業中的反應正確率與反應性錯誤率未受到急性阻力運動的影響; (四) 兩組參與者的前額葉血流變化率不受到急性阻力運動的影響。結論:中等強度急性阻力運動可以加快年輕男性對執行功能相關作業或基礎訊息的處理速度,對老年男性則無正面影響;另外,中等強度急性阻力運動不影響老年人與年輕人的前額葉血流變化,表示前額葉血流的變化可能不是急性阻力運動促進執行功能的可能生理機轉。

    PURPOSE: Purposes of the current study were three-fold: (1) To investigate the effect of acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise (RE) on older and younger men’s executive function, and realize the impact of age on the relation of RE and executive function; (2) To explore the effect of RE on older and younger men’s prefrontal blood flow (PBF); and (3) To understand the correlation of improvements in executive function and alterations in PBF. METHOD: 20 older men (aged 65-69 years old) and 20 younger men (aged 21-30 years old) were recruited. The Sternberg Working Memory Task (specified to test working memory) and the Go/No-Go Task (specified to test response inhibition) were applied as paradigms of executive function. The near-infrared spectroscopy was adopted to assess PBF change. Participants underwent four main sessions (working memory-exercise session, working memory-control session, inhibition-exercise session, inhibition-control session) in a counter-balanced fashion. Resistance exercise protocol included 8 exercises: chest press, leg extension, high pull-down, leg curl, sit-rowing, leg press, shoulder press, biceps curl. Participants performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions of 70% 10RM (approximately 50% 1RM) of each exercise. Data of behavioral performance and PBF alteration were presented by % change. The 3-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA were applied to test the effect of RE on behavioral performance and PBF change. The Pearson correlation test was further applied once positive effects of RE on both behavioral and PBF data were observed to understand the correlation of executive function and PBF change. RESULTS: (1) Acute RE enhanced the % change of reaction times of Sternberg Task in younger group only (p ≤ .05), where the magnitude of effect may not affected by task difficulty; (2) Acute RE facilitated the % change of reaction times of the Go stimuli in the Go/No-Go Task in younger group only (p ≤ .05); (3) PBF change was not altered by RE in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Acute moderate-intensity RE may facilitate the processing speed in executive function or basic information of younger but older adults. On the other hand, acute RE may not affect PBF change in both age groups, which postulates that PFB change may not be a physiological mechanism that acute RE facilitate executive function.

    口試委員與系主任簽字之論文通過簽名表..............................................................................i 論文授權書................................................................................................................................ii 中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………...iii 英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………….v 謝誌…………………………………………………………………………………………..vii 目次………………………………………………………………………………………….viii 表次…………………………………………………………………………………………….x 圖次……………………………………………………………………………………………xi 第壹章 緒論…………………………………………………………………...1 第一節 前言……………………………………………………………………...............1 第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………………………...……4 第三節 研究假設……………………………………………………………...…………4 第四節 名詞操作性定義………………………………………………………...………5 第五節 研究限制…………………………………………………………………...……6 第六節 研究之重要性…………………………………………………………………...6 第貳章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………..….7 第一節 急性有氧運動對認知功能的影響……………………………………….……..7 第二節 急性阻力運動對認知功能的影響……………………………………..…….....9 第三節 急性運動促進認知功能表現的可能生理機轉……………………………….11 第參章 實驗方法與步驟…………………………………………….………15 第一節 實驗參與者…………………………………………………………………….15 第二節 實驗設計與流程……………………………………………………………….15 第三節 測量工具及方法……………………………………………………………….18 第四節 統計分析方法………………………………………………………………….25 第肆章 結果………………………………………………………………….26 第一節 描述性統計資料……………………………………………………………….26 第二節 運動強度操弄檢核…………………………………………………………….27 第三節 行為資料結果………………………………………………………………….29 第四節 NIRS資料結果………………………………………………………………...32 第伍章 討論………………………………………………………………….34 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………….39 附錄一 參與者知情同意書………………………………………………………………….46 附錄二 IPAQ身體活動量問卷……………………………………………….......................48 附錄三 PARQ身體活動預備問卷……………………………………………….................52 附錄四 簡易智能狀態測驗………………………………………………………………….53 附錄五 參與者招募傳單…………………………………………………………………….54

    林正常 (譯) (2004)。肌力與體能訓練。臺北市:禾楓。
    陳豐慈、張育愷 (2012)。阻力健身運動對老人認知功能影響之回顧。台灣運動心理學報,12(2),37-56。
    石恆星、洪聰敏 (2006)。身體活動與大腦神經認知功能老化。台灣運動心理學報,8,35-63。
    郭乃文、劉秀枝、王珮芳、廖光涂、甄瑞興、林恭平…徐道昌 (1988)。「簡短式智能評估」之中文施測與常模建立。中華民國復健醫學會雜誌,16,52-59。
    張育愷、吳聰義 (2011)。急性健身運動對認知功能的影響:事件相關電位的文獻回顧。體育學報,44(1),1-28。
    Aleman, A., Verhaar, H. J. J., de Haan, E. H. F., de Vries, W. R., Samson, M. M., Drent, M. L., …Koppeschaar, H. P. (1999). Insulin-like growth factor-I and cognitive function in healthy older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 84, 471-475.
    Arent, S. M., & Landers, D. M. (2003). Arousal, anxiety, and performance: A reexamination of the inverted-U hypothesis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 436-444.
    Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
    Belger, A., Puce, A., Krystal, J. H., Gore, J. C., Goldman-Rakic, P., & McCarthy, G. (1998). Dissociation of mnemonic and perceptual processes during spatial and nonspatial working memory using fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 6(1), 14-32.
    Berchicci, M., Lucci, G., & Di Russo, F. (2013). Benefits of physical exercise on the aging brain: The role of the prefrontal cortex. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(11), 1337-1341.
    Blasi, G., Goldberg, T. E., Weickert, T., Das, S., Kohn, P., Zoltick, B., …Mattay, V. S. (2006). Brain regions underlying response inhibition and interference monitoring and suppression. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 1658-1664.
    Boecker, M., Buecheler, M. M., Schroeter, M. L., & Gauggel, S. (2007). Prefrontal brain activation during stop-signal response inhibition: An event-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Behavioral Brain Research, 176, 259-266.
    Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Thomason, M. E., Vaidya, C. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence from MRI. Neuron, 33(2), 301-311.
    Buxton, R. B., Uludag, K., Dubowitz, D. J., & Liu, T. T. (2004). Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation. NeuroImage, 23(1), S220-233.
    Chafee, M. V., & Goldman-Rakic, P.S. (1998). Matching patterns of activity in primate prefrontal area 8a and parietal area 7ip neurons during a spatial working memory task. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79(6), 2919-2940.
    Chang, Y. K., Chu, I. H., Chen, F. T., & Wang, C. C. (2011). Dose-response effect of acute resistance exercise on Tower of London in middle-aged adults. Journal of Sports & Exercise Psychology, 33, 866-883.
    Chang, Y. K., & Etnier, J. L. (2009). Exploring the dose-response relationship between resistance exercise intensity and cognitive function. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 640-656.
    Chang, Y. K., & Etnier, J. L. (2013). The dose-response relationship between resistance exercise intensity and cognitive performance: Does heart rate mediate this effect? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 44(1), 37-54.
    Chang, Y. K., Huang, C. J., Chen, K. F., Hung, T. M. (2013). Physical activity and working memory in healthy older adults: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 50, 1174-1182.
    Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87-101.
    Chang, Y. K., Tsai, C. L., Huang, C. C., Wang, C. C., & Chu, I. H. (2014). Effects of acute resistance exercise on cognition in late middle-aged adults: General or specific cognitive improvement? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 51-55.
    Colcombe, S. J., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P. E., Kim, J. S., Prakash, R., & McAuley, E. (2006). Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(11), 1166-1170.
    Colcombe, S. J., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14, 125-130.
    Cope, M., & Deply, D. T. (1988). System for long-term measurement of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation on newborn infants by near infra-red transillumination. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 26(3), 289-294.
    Cordova, C., Silva, V. C., Moraes, C. F., Simoes, H. G., & Nobrega, O. T. (2009). Acute exercise performed close to the anaerobic threshold improves cognitive performance in elderly females. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 42, 458-464.
    Deeny, S. P., Peoppel, D., Zimmerman, J. B., Roth, S. M., Brandauer, J., Witkowski, S., & Hatfield, B. D. (2008). Exercise, APOE, and working memory: MEG and behavioral evidence for benefit of exercise in epsilon4 carriers. Biological Psychology, 78(2), 179-187.
    Del Giorno, J. M., Hall, E. E., O’Leary, K. C., Bixby, W. R., & Miller, P. C. (2010). Cognitive function during acute exercise: A test of the transient hypofrontality theory. Journal of Sports & Exercise Psychology, 32, 312-323.
    Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 64, 135-168.
    Drollette, E. S., Scudder, M. R., Raine, L. B., Moore, R. D, Saliba, B. J., Pontifex, M. B., & Hillman, C. H. (2014). Acute exercise facilitates brain function and cognition in children who need it most: An ERP study of individual differences in inhibitory control capacity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 53-64.
    Ehlis, A. C., Herrmann, M. J., Wagener, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2005). Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy detects specific inferior frontal activation during incongruent Stroop trials. Biological Psychology, 69, 315-331.
    Endo, K., Matsukawa, K., Liang, N., Nakatsuka, C., Tsuchimochi, H., Okamura, H., & Hamaoka, T. (2013). Dynamic exercise improves cognitive function in association with increased prefrontal oxygenation. Journal of Physiological Science, 63, 287-298.
    Etnier, J. L., & Chang, Y. K. (2009). The effect of physical activity on executive function: A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 469-483.
    Folstein, J. R., & Van Petten, C. (2008). Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: A review. Psychophysiology, 45, 152-170.
    Forte, R., Boreham, C. A. G., Costa Leite, J., De Vito, G., Brennan, L., Gibney, E. R., & Pesce, C. (2013). Enhancing cognitive functioning in the elderly: Multicomponent vs. resistance training. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 19-27.
    Friedland, R. P. (1990). Brain imaiging and cerebral metabolism. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 197-211). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
    Girouard, H., & Iadecola, C. (2006). Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease. Journal of Applied Physiology, 100, 328-335.
    Hoshi, Y., & Tamura, M. (1993). Dynamic multichannel near-infrared optical imaging of human brain activity. Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 315-331.
    Hoshi, Y., Kobayashi, N., & Tamura, M. (2001). Interpretation of near-infrared spectroscopy signals: A study with a newly developed perfused rat brain model. Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, 1657-1662.
    Hung, T. M., Tsai, C. L., Chen, F. T., Wang, C. C., & Chang, Y. K. (2013). The immediate and sustained effects of acute exercise on planning aspect of executive function. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 728-736.
    Hydo, K., Dan, I., Suwabe, K., Kyutoku, Y., Yamada, Y., Akahori, M., …Soya, H. (2012). Acute moderate exercise enhances compensatory brain activation in older adults. Neurobiology of Aging, 33, 2621-2632.
    Joyce, J., Graydon, J., McMorris, T., & Davranche, K. (2009). The time course effect of moderate intensity exercise on response execution and response inhibition. Brain and Cognition, 71(1), 14–19.
    Kamijo, K., Hayashi, Y., Sakai, T., Yahiro, T., Tanaka, K., & Nishihira, Y. (2009). Acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B. Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64, 356-363.
    Kamijo, K., Hayashi, Y., Hatta, A., Kaneda, T., Wasaka, T., Kida, T., …Kuroiwa, K. (2004). Changes in arousal level by differential exercise intensity. Clinical Neuropsychology, 115, 2693-2698.
    Kesaniemi, Y. K., Danforth, E., Jr., Jensen, M. D., Kopelman, P. G., Lefebvre, P., & Reeder, B. A. (2001). Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: An evidence-based symposium. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 351-358.
    Kipp, K. (2005). A developmental perspective on the measurement of cognitive deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1256–1260.
    Komulainen, P., Kivipelto, M., Lakka, T.A., Savonen, K., Hassinen, M., Kiviniemi, V., …Rauramaa, R. (2010). Exercise, fitness and cognition- A randomized controlled trial in older individuals: The DR’s EXTRA study. European Geriatric Medicine, 1, 266–272.
    Kramer, A. F., Colcombe, S. J., McAuley, E., Eriksen, K. I., Scalf, P., Jerome, G. J., …Webb, A. G. (2003). Enhancing brain and cognitive function of older adults through fitness training. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience: MN, 20(2), 213-221.
    Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: A meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 12-14.
    Liu-Ambrose, R. J., Donaldson, M. G., Ahamed, Y., Graf, P., Cook, W. L., Close, J., …Khan, K. (2008). Otago home-based strength and balance retraining improves executive functioning in older fallers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 1821-1830.
    Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M, Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001). Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature, 412, 150-157.
    Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
    Minati, L., Visani, E., Dowell, N. G., Medford, N., & Critchley, H. D. (2011). Variability comparison of simultaneous brain near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual stimulation. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 35(6-7), 370-376.
    Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., & Howerter, A. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
    Moss, M. C., & Scholey, A. B. (1996). Oxygen administration enhances memory formation in healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology, 124, 255-260.
    Murray, N. P., & Russoniello, C. (2012). Acute physical activity on cognititve function: a heart rate variability examination. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeeback, 37, 219-227.
    Perrig-Chiello, P., Perrig, W.J., Ehrsam, R., Staehelin, H.B., & Krings, F. (1998). The effects of resistance training on well-being and memory in elderly volunteers. Age and Ageing, 27, 469-475.
    Polich, J. (2007). Updatng P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 2138-2148.
    Pontifex, M. B., Hillman, C. H., Fernhall, B., Thompson, K., & Valentini, T. (2009). The effect of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on working memory. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(4), 927-934.
    Rojas Vega, S., Knicker, A., Hollmann, W., Bloch, W., & Struder, H. K. (2010). Effects of resistance exercise on serum levels of growth factors in humans. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 42(13), 982-986.
    Sato, H., Yahata, N., Funane, T., Takizawa, R., Katura, T., Atsumori, H., …Kasai, K. (2013). A NIRS-fMRI investigation of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task. NeuroImage, 83, 158-173.
    Schroeter, M. L., Cutini, S. Wahl, M. M., Scheid, R., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2007). Neurovascular coupling is impaired in cerebral microangiopathy- An event-related Stroop study. NeuroImage, 34, 26-34.
    Sibley, B. A., & Beilock, S. L. (2007). Exercise and working memory: An individual differences investigation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 783-791.
    Sibley, B. A., Etnier, J. L., & Le Masurier, G. C. (2006). Effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive aspects of Stroop performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 285–299.
    Thayer, J. F., Lane, R. D., & Bernard, C. (2009). The heart-brain connection: Further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 33, 81-88.
    Verleger, R. (1997). On the utility of P3 latency as an index of mental chronometry. Psychophysiology, 34, 131-156.
    Vermeij, A., van Beek, A. H. E. A., Olde Rikkert, M. G. M., Claassen, J. A. H. R., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2012). Effects of aging on cerebral oxygenation during working-memory performance: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e46210.
    Williams, M. A., Haskell, W. L., Ades, P. A., Amsterdam, E. A., Bittner, V., Franklin, B. A., …Stewart, K. J. (2007). Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on clinical cardiology and council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation, 116(5), 572-584.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE