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研究生：	李家宜 Lee, Chia-Yi
論文名稱：	粒子群移動演算法實現高速眼動儀系統 Gaze Tracking with Particle Swarm Optimization
指導教授：	高文忠 Kao, Wen-Chung
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	85
中文關鍵詞：	眼動儀、可見光、粒子群移動演算法
英文關鍵詞：	Gaze tracking, visible light, particle swarm optimization
DOI URL：	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203836
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：198 下載：21
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眼動儀可以記錄眼球運動、轉換為凝視軌跡，用以研究人類視覺焦點並應用於神經科學、認知心理學、教育、行銷/廣告分析等領域，為現今市場上具有實用性的產品。目前市售的眼動儀多數使用紅外光技術，缺點為環境中的紅外光源會影響系統準確率。因此近年的學術研究投入於可見光眼動儀，但至今市面上尚未出現高精確度的實用性產品。
本系統參考既有的眼球模型，改良眼球模型參數的計算方法與匹配方法以處理一般辦公室光源環境下、480fps 工業用相機錄製的複雜影像。在匹配方法中結合粒子群移動演算法大幅加速計算效率，並改良傳統九點校正使用的二次映射曲線使虹膜中心更加準確地轉換至凝視點，實現 30fps 以上即時處理、平均準確率 1.12 度的系統。

The eye tracking system is a new human machine interface device which can analyze the gaze path by tracking the eyeball movement. It has become increasingly popular in the consumer market, due to the fact that the recorded gaze tracking results can be applied to the study of human attention span, cognitive psychology and in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, education, as well as consumer products. However, gaze tracking system mostly rely on infra-ray (IR) light to enhance the image quality of the eyeball, making the application environments and scenarios of the gaze tracking system an issue to be solved. As a result, more and more researchers devoted themselves to the development of visible light eye tracking system, but very few reliable systems achieve high accuracy.
The proposed system aims to improve the system accuracy by modifying the eyeball matching algorithm, even when the images are taken in poor lighting conditions. The improvements come from the modifications of image preprocessing, searching algorithm with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and a new calibration method. The experimental results indicate the system error is less than 1.12 degree and the entire system reaches processing speed of 30 frames/s.

目  錄  
中文摘要 ......................................................................................................................... i 
英文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ ii 
誌  謝 ....................................................................................................................... iii 
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................... vi 
圖目錄 .......................................................................................................................... vii 
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 研究背景 ....................................................................................................... 1 
1.2 研究方法 ....................................................................................................... 2 
1.3 論文架構 ....................................................................................................... 5 
第二章 文獻探討 ........................................................................................................... 6 
2.1 可見光眼動儀概要 ....................................................................................... 6 
2.2 文獻回顧 ....................................................................................................... 7 
2.3 現有可見光眼動儀分析 ............................................................................. 10 
2.3.1 Feature-based 方法與 Model-based 方法的比較 ................................ 11 
2.4 球型的眼球模型(SEM)的討論與分析 ...................................................... 16 
2.4.1 球型的眼球模型(SEM)介紹 .............................................................. 17 
2.4.2 權重兩項匹配條件決定最佳匹配虹膜 ............................................. 18 
第三章 系統架構 ......................................................................................................... 21 
3.1 系統架構圖 ................................................................................................. 21 
3.2 眼球模型參數計算 ..................................................................................... 22 
3.2.1 直方圖等化 ......................................................................................... 22 
3.2.2 定位直視虹膜圓的 ROI ..................................................................... 23 
3.2.3 計算直視虹膜圓 ................................................................................. 25 
v 
3.2.4 與現有方法的比較 ............................................................................. 31 
3.2.5 參數代入與模型介紹 ......................................................................... 31 
3.3 模型匹配 ..................................................................................................... 32 
3.3.1 輸入影像的問題分析 ......................................................................... 33 
3.3.2 提出解決策略 ..................................................................................... 36 
3.3.3 增強影像品質 ..................................................................................... 38 
3.3.4 提出匹配演算法 ................................................................................. 40 
3.3.5 系統加速使用粒子群移動演算法 ..................................................... 43 
3.3.6 與現有方法的比較 ............................................................................. 48 
3.4 凝視點校正與預測 ..................................................................................... 48 
3.4.1 九點校正資料蒐集、分類與篩選 ..................................................... 49 
3.4.2 映射曲線的設計與參數計算 ............................................................. 51 
3.4.3 凝視點預測 ......................................................................................... 54 
第四章 實驗結果 ......................................................................................................... 55 
4.1 實驗環境介紹 ................................................................................................ 55 
4.2 高速眼動儀模組分析與測試結果 ................................................................ 57 
第五章 結論與未來展望 ............................................................................................. 80 
5.1 結論 ................................................................................................................ 80 
5.2 未來展望 ........................................................................................................ 80 
參 考 文 獻 ........................................................................................................... 81 
自  傳 ....................................................................................................................... 84
                                

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