建物是現代人類生活環境中的重要組成，更是人類文化重要的元素之一。在自然環境變遷及都市迅速發展的雙重影響下，建物更新十分頻繁，有些藉由現地活化再利用（如：華山1914文創園區）或移地保存（如：林安泰古厝）方式得以幸運保存，但有更多建物消逝在都市更新的快速洪流中。過去只能從老照片中回憶建物的蛛絲馬跡，但隨著攝影測量密匹配技術及光達測量技術的發展，三維像真建物模型(Photo-realistic Building Model)成為建物的最佳數位典藏方案。然而，攝影測量軟體或光達儀器均非一般使用者所能負擔，因此出現像Trimble SketchUp這類簡易三維建模工具，大幅降低了模型產製的門檻，數位化保存建物不再只能依賴專業人士。目前這些三維模型大多只能以虛擬實境的方式（如：Google Earth或Skyline）呈現在電腦螢幕中，不容易看出與真實環境中的互動關係，因此本文引入擴增實境技術，使典藏的三維像真建物模型能夠在真實環境中風華再現。本文主要提出開發門檻相對低的三維像真建物模型之擴增實境展示的簡易開發方案，並設計展示系統驗證其可行性，並修正流程中所產生的問題，而後推廣至一群測試者，透過測試者回饋以驗證其簡易程度，最後評估整個流程帶來的效益。

Buildings are an indispensable part of the modern human living environment, and more important, one of the essential elements of culture heritage. Under the dual influence of environmental changes and urban development, urban renewals are frequently planned. Some unused buildings were luckily being repurposed or planned for ex-situ conservation, but there were more being demolished without proper discussion. In the past, buildings were archived by photos, but with the development of dense matching and LiDAR surveying, 3D Photo-realistic Building Model became the best solution for digital archive of buildings. However, photogrammetric software and LiDAR are not affordable for average users. The birth of simple modeling tools like Trimble SketchUp significantly reduced the difficulty of producing 3D building models and also enabled average users to do so. Currently, 3D building models are usually displayed by the way of Virtual Reality like Google Earth or Skyline. The interactivity of 3D building models and the real world is not well implemented. Therefore, with the help of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, the purpose of this study was to integrate 3D building models into the real world. Another aim was to greatly reduce the cost and simplify the process of producing 3D Photo-realistic Models, converting models to specific formats in demand, and designing geo-sensed AR environment to display the models by proposing a solution. Then an AR system was implemented to prove that the solution is feasible. Finally, the solution was evaluated and examined by applying to a selected group of subjects in the study.

Angelopoulou, A., Economou, D., Bouki, V., Psarrou, A., Jin, L., Pritchard, C., & Kolyda, F. (2012). Mobile Augmented Reality for Cultural Heritage. In N. Venkatasubramanian, V. Getov, & S. Steglich (Eds.), Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications: 4th International ICST Conference, Mobilware 2011, London, UK, June 22-24, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 15-22). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Astheimer, P., Dai, F., Göbel, M., Kruse, R., Müller, S., & Zachmann, G. (1994). Realism in virtual reality. In N. Magnenat Thalmann & D. Thalmann (Eds.), Artificial life and virtual reality (pp. 189-203): John Wiley.
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385.
Brenner, C. (1999). Interactive modelling tools for 3D building reconstruction Photogrammetric Week '99 (pp. 23-44). Heidelberg,Stuttgart,German: Wichmann.
Gülch, E., Müller, H., Labe, T., & Ragia, L. (1998). On the performance of semi-automatic building extraction. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 32, 331-338.
Germs, R., Van Maren, G., Verbree, E., & Jansen, F. W. (1999). A multi-view VR interface for 3D GIS. Computers & Graphics, 23(4), 497-506. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(99)00069-2
Grün, A. (2000). Semi-automated approaches to site recording and modeling: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry.
Haala, N., Brenner, C., & Stätter, C. (1997). An integrated system for urban model generation. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 32, 96-103.
Jayaram, S., Connacher, H. I., & Lyons, K. W. (1997). Virtual assembly using virtual reality techniques. Computer-Aided Design, 29(8), 575-584. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4485(96)00094-2
Lang, F., & Forstner, W. (1996). 3D-city modeling with a digital one-eye stereo system. Paper presented at the In Proceedings of the XVIII ISPRS-Congress.
Liestøl, G. (2014). Along the Appian Way. Storytelling and Memory across Time and Space in Mobile Augmented Reality. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Cultural Heritage, EuroMed 2014, Limassol, Cyprus.
Micusik, B., & Kosecka, J. (2009). Piecewise planar city 3D modeling from street view panoramic sequences. Paper presented at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009. CVPR 2009. IEEE Conference on, Miami, FL.
Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F. (1995). Augmented reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Photonics for Industrial Applications, 282-292.
Papagiannakis, G., Singh, G., & Magnenat‐Thalmann, N. (2008). A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 19(1), 3-22.
Rau, J.-Y., & Chen, L.-C. (2001). Semi-Automatic approach for building reconstruction using SPLIT-MERGE-SHAPE Method. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing.
Remondino, F., & El-Hakim, S. (2006). Image-based 3D Modelling: A Review. The Photogrammetric Record, 21(115), 269-291. doi:10.1111/j.1477-9730.2006.00383.x
Shufelt, J. (1999). Performance evaluation and analysis of monocular building extraction from aerial imagery. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 21(4), 311-326.
Slater, M., & Usoh, M. (1994). Body centred interaction in immersive virtual environments. In N. Magnenat Thalmann & D. Thalmann (Eds.), Artificial life and virtual reality (Vol. 1, pp. 125-148): John Wiley.
Thalmann, N. M., & Thalmann, D. (1999). Virtual reality software and technology. Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker, 41(VRLAB-ARTICLE-2007-019).
Tseng, Y.-H., & Wang, S. (2002). Model-Based 3D Reconstruction of Buildings from Multiple Aerial Images. Geographic Information Sciences, 8(1), 16-23.
Van Krevelen, D. W. F., & Poelman, R. (2010). A survey of augmented reality technologies, applications and limitations. International Journal of Virtual Reality, 9(2), 1.
Verbree, E., Maren, G. V., Germs, R., Jansen, F., & Kraak, M.-J. (1999). Interaction in virtual world views-linking 3D GIS with VR. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 13(4), 385-396. doi:10.1080/136588199241265
Verykokou, S., Ioannidis, C., & Kontogianni, G. (2014). 3D Visualization via Augmented Reality: The Case of the Middle Stoa in the Ancient Agora of Athens. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Cultural Heritage, EuroMed 2014, Limassol, Cyprus.
Vlahakis, V., Karigiannis, J., Tsotros, M., Gounaris, M., Almeida, L., Stricker, D., . . . Ioannidis, N. (2001). Archeoguide: first results of an augmented reality, mobile computing system in cultural heritage sites. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, November 28-30, 2001.
Vosselman, G., & Veldhuis, H. (1999). Mapping by dragging and fitting of wire-frame models. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 769-776.
Zhu, L., Lehtomäki, M., Hyyppä, J., Puttonen, E., Krooks, A., & Hyyppä, H. (2015). Automated 3D Scene Reconstruction from Open Geospatial Data Sources: Airborne Laser Scanning and a 2D Topographic Database. Remote Sensing, 7(6), 6710.
王聖鐸. (2005). 以浮測模型理論萃取三維空間資訊-以建物重建為例. (博士), 國立成功大學.
林彥宇. (2015). 淺談電腦視覺與影像特徵點比對. 知識天地, (527). Retrieved from http://sec.sinica.edu.tw/knowledge104.htm
洪致文, 林庭均, 林芬郁, 邱一, & 謝明達. (2016). 看見師大校園 (洪致文 Ed. 1 ed.). 臺北: 國立臺灣師範大學出版中心.