大學與研究型圖書館協會（Association of College & Research Libraries, ACRL）回顧了近四年大學圖書館的趨勢，點出新型冠狀病毒（Covid-19）所造成的大流行以及生成式AI等人工智慧（AI）技術對於大學圖書館的影響最為顯著。英國研究型圖書館聯盟（Research Libraries UK，RLUK聯盟）歷經國內首次的大流行後，意識研究型圖書館（Research Libraries）推動「數位移轉」（Digital Shift）之必要，後續提出「數位移轉宣言」（A manifesto for the digital shift）並著重在館員技能（Skills）、空間（Spaces）、學術與館藏（Scholarship and collection）與利害關係人（Stakeholders）這四個面向進行創新，以形塑圖書館科技創新、永續發展以及與學術界密切合作的角色。
在大學圖書館中，學科服務是大學圖書館與各系所間保持經常性聯繫的管道，透過學科館員提供的客製化服務，支持大學各系所間師生研究與教學的需求。本研究透過半結構式訪談法向國內七所大學圖書館共十二名學科館員與其中階主管，探討我國大學圖書館推動數位移轉的現況、影響數位移轉的因素，並採用創新擴散理論分析人工智慧技術於大學圖書館創新之態度。
研究結果顯示，我國大學圖書館在「數位移轉宣言」裡的四個面向皆有創新。至於影響圖書館數位移轉之因素，則發現經費、館員、使用者需求、組織文化與圖書館管理階層等五個因素。而人工智慧技術在圖書館的應用包含館員的個人工作上使用、提供使用者AI素養的服務、圖書館後端系統以及引文資料庫的AI檢索功能。儘管AI技術於大學圖書館中已展現出可提升服務品質與效率的潛力，但是在推動創新時仍面臨著挑戰，像是部份AI技術於圖書館領域的成熟度不足、館員缺乏AI素養以及AI工具衍伸倫理與隱私議題。
基於研究結果，本研究建議我國圖書資訊學教育應調整課程，以培育新一代圖書館之人才；大學圖書館則應強化學科館員的職能培訓、改善人力配置，並推動AI素養發展；學科館員則強化數位技能與專業領域知識、加強與教學單位及研究單位之間的聯繫。

The Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) has reviewed trends in academic libraries over the past four years, highlighting the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of generative AI and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on academic libraries. The Research Libraries UK (RLUK), after experiencing the first wave of the pandemic domestically, recognized the necessity of promoting a "Digital Shift" in research libraries. Subsequently, RLUK introduced the "A Manifesto for the Digital Shift," focusing on four key areas: skills, spaces, scholarship & collections, and stakeholders. This initiative aims to shape the role of research libraries in technological innovation, sustainable development, and close collaboration with academia.
In academic libraries, subject services serve as a crucial channel for maintaining regular communication between libraries and academic departments. Through customized services provided by subject librarians, these services support the research and teaching needs of faculty and students across various disciplines. This study employs semi-structured interviews with twelve subject librarians and mid-level managers from seven university libraries in Taiwan to explore the current state of digital shift in academic libraries, the factors influencing this shift, and the attitudes toward AI technology in library innovation using the diffusion of innovations theory.
The research findings indicate that university libraries in Taiwan have introduced innovations across the four areas outlined in the "A Manifesto for the Digital Shift." The study identifies five key factors influencing the digital shift of libraries: funding, librarians, user needs, organizational culture, and library management. The applications of AI technology in libraries include personal work assistance for librarians, AI literacy services for users, AI integration in backend library systems, and AI-powered search functions in citation databases. While AI technology has demonstrated its potential to enhance service quality and efficiency in academic libraries, several challenges persist in its implementation. These include the immaturity of some AI technologies in the library field, a lack of AI literacy among librarians, and ethical and privacy concerns associated with AI tools.
This study suggests that library and information science (LIS) education in Taiwan should revise its curriculum to cultivate the next generation of library professionals. University libraries should enhance training programs for subject librarians, improve workforce allocation, and promote AI literacy development. Subject librarians should also strengthen their digital skills, deepen their expertise in specialized fields, and enhance collaboration with teaching and research units.

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