研究生: |
高崇壽 CHUNG-SHOU KAO |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
跳遠踏板起跳階段運動生物力學分析 Biomechanics analysis of Long Jump Takeoff |
指導教授: |
黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育學系 Department of Physical Education |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 73 |
中文關鍵詞: | 跳遠 、生物力學 、起跳 、動力學逆過程 |
英文關鍵詞: | Long Jump, biomechanics, take-off, inverse dynamics |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:228 下載:10 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
跳遠依運動技術分析可分為助跑、起跳、空中動作、落地四個階段結合成跳遠的過程。其中以助跑與起跳階段對跳遠的過程最為關鍵,利用助跑速度,起跳腳以全腳掌踏板時,做出快而有力爆發性地完成起跳,創造較大的起跳瞬間重心速度及起跳角度。優秀跳遠選手常常也是好的短跑選手,但優秀的短跑選手不一定是好的跳遠選手,原因何在? 研究目的:在探討優秀跳遠選手與短跑選手(非跳遠專長)踏板起跳時,在執行跳遠之運動及內、外力特徵。研究方法:一台Redlake高速攝影機(125Hz)拍攝踏板起跳動作與一塊Kistler測力板(1250Hz) 同步、另一台SONY數位攝影機(60Hz) )拍攝助跑最後兩步動作,以Kwon3D 影像分析軟體處理並以Butterworth 4th-order Zero Lag Digital程式(cutoff frequency:6Hz)進行修勻。結果:優秀跳遠選手在跳遠成績、起跳瞬間重心垂直速度、起跳角度、踏板起跳階段重心垂直速度變化量、踏板瞬間髖關節淨力矩、髖關節功率、支撐瞬間踝關節功率顯著大於短跑選手。在相關统計方面,最後第二步最大水平重心速度、踏板瞬間重心水平速度、起跳瞬間重心垂直速度、重心合速度、起跳角度、踏板起跳階段重心垂直速度變化量、水平總衝量、制動衝量、推蹬衝量、垂直總衝量、踏板瞬間踝關節淨力、髖關節淨力矩、髖關節之功率、支撐瞬間踝關節功率與跳遠成績呈顯著正相關。踏板起跳階段重心水平速度變化量、支撐時間、最大垂直力量值所產生時間、推蹬時間、支持瞬間髖關節淨力、踏板瞬間膝關節淨力矩與跳遠成績呈顯著負相關。結論:在相同助跑速度之下,跳遠選手在跳遠成績優於短跑選手,在於跳遠選手有較佳的起跳瞬間重心垂直速度、起跳角度、踏板起跳階段重心垂直速度變化量、較短支撐時間和推蹬時間、有較佳的踏板瞬間髖關節淨力矩、髖關節功率、支撐瞬間踝關節功率及有較小的踏板瞬間膝關節淨力矩。
Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of long jump takeoff between elite long jumpers and sprinters. Method : A Redlake high-speed camera(125Hz) was synchronized with a Kistler force platform (1250Hz) to collect the long jump takeoff data. Another Sony digital camera (60Hz) was used to collect approach speed data. The kinematics data were analyzed by using Kwon3D software and the raw data were smoothing by a Butterworth 4th-order Zero Lag Digital formula (cutoff frequency:6Hz).Result: The elite long jumpers have greater values than the sprinters on jumping distance, vertical velocity of body center of gravity (CG)at take off ,takeoff angle, change of vertical velocity of body CG at takeoff ,net hip moment and power at touch down, ankle power at support phase. In addition, the peak horizontal velocity of CG at last second step, body CG horizontal and vertical velocity at takeoff, takeoff angle, change of body CG vertical velocity at takeoff, horizontal braking, propelling, total and vertical impulse, net ankle force and net hip moment at takeoff, hip power at touch down and ankle power at support phase have the positive relationship with jumping distance. However, the body CG change of vertical velocity at takeoff, the support time, time to the peak vertical force, propelling time, net hip force at support phase, and net knee moment at touch down have negative relationship with jumping distance. Conclusion: Under the similar approach run speed, the elite long jumpers have greater jumping distance, vertical velocity of CG at takeoff, takeoff angle, change of vertical velocity of CG at takeoff, net hip moment and power at touch down, ankle power at support phase than the sprinters. The elite long jumpers also have shorter support time and propelling time and smaller net knee moment at touch down than the sprinters.
中文文獻部分
王文成 (1981)。跳遠踏跳力學與技術探討。中國體育科技,34。
王琨、魏文儀 (2005)。跳遠起跳肌肉專項能力生物力學研究。體育科學,25(1),42-45。
伍勰、魏文儀 (2005)。跳遠起跳技術的動力學模擬。西安體育學院學報,22(3),75-78。
李玉剛 (1994)。跳遠踏跳階段的生物力學分析。武漢體育學院學報,(21),52-54。
邱靖華 (1994)。跳遠不同起跳角之動力學研究。體育學報,(17),197-210。
車曉波、魏琳(1998)。不同水平跳遠運動員踏跳過程的生物力學分析,體育科學研究,2(1),38-40。
施寶興、魏文儀 (2004)。應用逆向動力學計算關節內力的可靠性分析。北京體育大學學報,27(9),1223-1225。
洪大程 (1993) 國內優秀跳遠選手助跑最後四步步幅及起跳過程對跳遠成績之影響。未出版的碩士論文,國立體育學院研究所,台北,台灣。
許彤 (1997)。跳遠踏跳的運動生物力學研究綜述。北京體育大學學報,17(2),50-51。
徐天賜 (2000)。從曲率理論探討跳遠助跑最後一步及起跳動作。未出版的碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學體育研究所,台北市,台灣。
許樹淵 (1992)。田徑論(p886-898)。台北市:偉彬體育研究社。
張仲景、李守才、郝健 (2002)。跳遠起跳時擺動腿加速前擺的時機。河北體育學院學報,16(4),21-22。
張輝 (2002)。跳遠起跳階段擺動腿技術的生物力學分析。河北體育學院學報,16(4),63-65。
馮春明 (2003)。跳遠踏跳技術與力學分析。衡水師事學報,5(2),55-56。
曹曲岩(2002)。挺身式跳遠中提高擺動腿工作能力的方法。克山師專學報,(3),69。
黃國銓 (2001) 。以動力學逆過程探討排球扣球起跳動作。未出版的碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學體育研究所,台北市,台灣。
褚曾文 (1997)。跳遠運動技術訓練分析。樹德學報,20,287-296。
楊忠憲 (2002)。台灣地區優秀男子跳遠選手之運動力學分析。未出版的碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學體育研究所,台北市,台灣。
劉建平(1995)。跳遠技術綜述。郴州師專學報綜合版,(3),36-39。
劉宇(2001)。國術騰空飛腳動作下肢肌肉控制功能的肢段間互動動力學分析。未出版。
駱建(2004)。跳遠運動員的旋轉特點及起跳能力與騰空技術。成都體育學院學報,30(1),47-50。
衛沛文 (1984) 。優秀跳遠者起跳的運動學分析。大專體育總會,118-123。
魏文儀、阮棉芳 (1997)。初探跳遠最佳騰起角。上海體育學院學報,21(2),1-6。
簡鴻玟 (1991)。跳遠技術分析。大專體育,1(4),43-49。
蘇榮基(1991)。國內優秀跳遠選手助跑最後四步及起跳的運動學分析。未出版的碩士論文,國立體育學院研究所,台北,台灣。
英文文獻部分
Bedi, J. F.& Cooper, J. M.(1997).Takeoff in Long Jump Angular Momentum Consideration. Journal of Biomechanics ,(10),541-548.
Bhowmik, S.(1992).Biomechanical Features of the Take-off in the Running Long Jump. Track &Field Quarterly Review.92(4),6-10.
Bobbert, M.F., Gerritsen, K. G. M.., Litjens, M. C. A., and Van Soest, A. J.(1996) Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat height ? Medicine and sciences in sport and exercise.28(11),1402-1412.
Bosco, C.,Luhtanen, P.,and Komi, P.V.(1975).Kinetics and kinematics of the Take-off in Long Jump. International Congress of Biomechanics,5th Jyvaskyla,Finland,1975.BiomechanicsⅤ.(174-180).Baltimore,Maryland:University Park Press.
Challis, J.H. (1998). An investigation of the influence of bi-lateral on human jumping. Human movement Science.17,307-325.
Clayton,D.(1992).Jumping Event : Similarities-Difference. Track &Field Quarterly Review.92(4):1-3.
Costa,K.,McNitt-Gary,L.,Requejo,P.,Mathiyakom,W.,Eagle,J.,and Marciniak,J. (1998) Gander differences in multijoint load distribution during the take-off phase of the long jump.North American Congress on Biomechanics.
Dempster, W. T.(1955).Space Requirement of the Seated Operator. WADC. Technique Qeport,p55-159.Wright-pattersonv Air Force Base,OH,1955,1-253.
D. Gordon E. Robertson ,Graham E. Caldwell ,Joseph Hamill ,Gary Kamen and Saunders N. Whittlesey (2004).Research Methods in Biomechanics,p103-123.
Doolitt, D.(1992).The Long Jump. Track &Field Quarterly Review. 92(4),22-24.
Fukashiro, S., Komi, P. V., Jarvinen, M. and Miyashita, M. (1995).In vivo Achilles tendon loading during jumping in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 7(5),453-458.
Hay, J.G., and Miller, J. A. (1985). The techniques of 1984 olympic female long jumpers. International Journal of Biomechanics,.1,174-185.
Hay, J.G. (1986).The biomechanics of the Long Jump. Exercise and sport sciences reviews.14,401-446.
Hay, J.G. (1986).Fast ,Higher ,Longer : The biomechanics of jumping for distance. Journal of Biomechanics,26,7-21.
Hay, J. G.., Miller, J. A. and Canterna, R.W. (1986). The techniques of elite male long jumpers. Journal of Biomechanics,19(10),855-866.
Hay, J.G. (1993).The Biomechanics of Sport Techniques(4th ed.).Englewood Cliffs,NJ:The Paramount Communications Company.
Jacoby, E., & Fraley, B.(1995).Long Jump. In J. Anderson, J. Blakley, K.Reel, & M.Smith, (Eds.),Complete Book of Jump.(p43-57).Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
Kakihana, W. & Suzuki, S. (2001). The EMG activity and mechanics of the running jump as a function of take angle. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,11,365-372.
Kerin, D. (2002).Achieving strength gains specific to the demands of jumping events. Track Coach,160,5103-5110.
Kovacs, I. (1999). Foot placement modifies kinematics and kinetics during drop jumping. Medicine and sciences in sport and exercise. 31(5),708-716.
Nicholas, P. L., Maurice, S.G.,& Lisa, A.B.(2005).Optimum take-off angle in long jump. Journal of Sports Science.23(7):703-712.
Philip,G. S.& Adrian,L.(2005).A three-dimensional kinematics analysis of the long jump take-off. Journal of Sports Science.23(9):891-902.
Popov, V. B.(1978). Long jump (Russian).Moscow, Physical Culture and Sport.(Cited in Ref.27).
Ridderikhoff, A., Batelaan, J.H. and Bobbert, M.F. (1999). Jumping for distance: control of the external force in squat jumps. Medicine and sciences in sport and exercise.31( 8),1196-1204.
Schneider, K. (1990). Koordination and Lernen Bewegungen. Frankfurt am Main: H. Deutsch.
Schopp, D.(1992).Long Jump Mechanics. Track &Field Quarterly Review. 92(4),17-21.
Seluyanov (1983). The main mechanism of the take-off in long jump. Journal Sports Theory Practice,(6),23-26.
Soest, A.J. (1985). A comparison of one-legged and two -legged countermovement jumps. Medicine and sciences in sport and exercise.17(6),635-639.
Winter, D. A. (1990). Biomechanics and motor control of human Movement (2nd ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons.