兒童文學經常改編自其他讀者群年紀較大的作品。替兒童翻譯及改編這些作品時，居於來源語文化及目標語文化之間的中介方，可能因目標語文化看待兒童的觀點、兒童文學在目標語文化的文學多元系統中的地位，以及目標語文化對兒童文學的規範而修改內容。相對來說，針對作品中的諸多元素要以歸化或異化做多少修改，亦能影響目標語讀者看待作品、原作者以及來源語文化的角度。本研究認為，在美國兒童文學市場中，中介方基於美國對兒童的保守觀念，以及為確保兒童對童年留有「完美」印象而強加於己身的責任感，傾向以歸化的方式翻譯並改編作品。本研究更認為，文本經高度歸化，會使目標語讀者沒有機會接觸到外國內容，而這些內容實際上可能反而更能與讀者的現實生活產生共鳴。透過三本由臺灣作家兼插畫家幾米所著的繪本，本研究使用美國出版社Little, Brown Books for Young Readers所出版的英文改編版本，與繁體中文的來源文本資料以及西班牙文的譯本相互比對，藉此闡述以上論點，並著重探討英文改編版本如何呈現那些被認定為不適合孩童閱讀的文字及視覺元素。

Children’s literature in translation has often been derived from works intended for older readers. In the process of translating and adapting these texts for children, mediating parties between the source and target culture may alter content due to the target culture’s views towards children, the position of children’s literature in the target culture’s literary polysystem, and target culture norms that govern children’s literature. The extent of these decisions to domesticate or foreignize a given work can influence how target readers will view the work, original author, and culture of the source text. This thesis argues that there exists the tendency for mediating parties in the U.S. children’s literature market to greatly domesticate translated and adapted works according to conservative views towards children and a self-imposed duty for adults to safeguard the image of the “perfect” childhood. It further asserts that such a degree of domestication deprives target readers of content that may better resonate with their lived realities. These arguments are illustrated by a comparison of all three existing English adaptations of Taiwanese author-illustrator Jimmy Liao’s picture books as published by U.S. publisher Little, Brown Books for Young Readers to their respective Traditional Chinese source material and Spanish translations. Emphasis will be placed on how textual and visual portrayals of elements deemed unsuitable for children are presented in the English adaptations.

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