研究生: |
高民凱 Ming-Kai Kao |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
生涯發展歷程中真實自我的發現與實踐 The Discovery and Realization of Authentic Self in Career Development Process |
指導教授: |
金樹人
Jin, Shuh-Ren |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 322 |
中文關鍵詞: | 真實自我 、生涯轉換 、自性化 、靈性 |
英文關鍵詞: | authentic self, career transition, individuation, spirituality |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:518 下載:61 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究的主旨是透過在生涯中追求真實自我的人,從他們的生涯開展故事瞭解其與真實自我接觸的經驗,實踐真實自我的方式與歷程,以及對此實踐歷程所建構的意義。資料來源是四位研究參與者之敘說,以敘事取向研究方法中的「整體—內容」和「整體—形式」模式進行分析,結果如下:
一、與真實自我接觸的經驗分成三部分。「接觸的開端」包括:內在呼喚,驅動熱情;從小嚮往,直覺喜愛;創造想像的世界。「接觸過程中」包括:玩樂創造,歷久趣味;情感深刻,融為一體;敏銳易感,感覺流暢;專注當下,忘我出神;思考單純,自我對話;關係和諧,契合本性;共鳴連結,樂趣加倍。「接觸後」的經驗則包括:內心踏實,深度滿足;安心安頓,禪定平靜;如回家般,接納自在;單純快樂,樂此不疲;舒緩受苦,心靈自由;感受生命,坦然面對;自我價值,提升肯定;心靈富足,精神飽滿;自我成就感,人生進入另一階段。
二、實踐真實自我的方式,分成「在生涯轉折處」及「整個生涯中」兩部分。前者包括:特質發揮,帶來力量;享受嘗試,不設目標;志同道合,相互激盪;角色楷模,啟發反思;嘗試行動,促發改變;掌握創造,生涯機會;他人引導,自我學習。後者包括:抗拒主流,回歸本質;降低經濟安全,增加選擇自由;位移之後,多元觀照;經營生活,全心投入。實踐真實自我的歷程整體而言是屬於「前進-後退-前進」的「喜劇-羅曼史」敘說形式。分為七個階段:從小接觸渴望;非所愛的學習,但自發尋找出口;非所愛的工作,但本質我的能量流動;關鍵事件的促發;留白以追求嚮往;勇於轉換的嘗試;不斷走向本質我。
三、對實踐真實自我歷程所建構的意義包括:藉由充滿勇氣的行動,使人生不會留下遺憾;跟著感覺走,自然而然水到渠成;回應冥冥中力量的召喚,接納上天的安排;與他人及其他生命體,建立起深刻的連結;建構自身的主體性,如其所是地生活;一趟豐富精彩,令自己感動的旅程;享受嚮往的生活,踏實地活在當下;從小的渴望如今成為對社會群體的貢獻;解開對人生的疑惑,建構生命的意義。
文末針對研究結果進行討論,並提出相關建議。
The study aimed to understand the experience of contacting authentic self, the way and process of authentic self realization, and the meaning of this process through the individuals who searched for authentic self in their career. The collected data from four subjects’ narratives were analyzed via holistic-content and holistic-form modes of the narrative approach. The results were divided into three parts—the experience of contacting authentic self, the way and process of authentic self realization and the meaning of authentic self realization process.
The experience of contacting authentic self is divided into three phases as the Beginning of Contacting, In-Between Contacting, and After Contacting. The Beginning of Contacting includes the inner calling summoning up the enthusiasm,experiencing longing and instinct affection and creating imagination world. The In-Between Contacting includes feeling the persistent enjoyment, affection craving and integrating with one’s self, sensitivity and sensibility, being concentrated on the moment and being ecstatic, purely thinking and entering into a dialogue with one’s self and harmony with one’s nature, meeting the friends alike bringing about more enjoyment. The After Contacting includes satisfaction and fulfilment; peace and silence, as being home and feeling at ease, pure happiness and being delightful, being free from suffering and setting the spirit free, experiencing the life and accepting it, self worth elevation and affirmation, gaining spiritual wealth and being full of energy, enhancing self-completion and entering a new stage of life.
The way of authentic self realization is divided into Career Transition and Through the Whole Career Process. The former includes taking advantage of one’s traits and generating strength, enjoying trials and not setting goals, interacting with the people sharing the same ideals, being inspired by role models, taking actions leading to changes, creating and grasping career opportunities, following others’ guidance and learning by one’s self. The latter includes acting against the mainstream and returning to Self, reducing material needs and increasing the freedom of choice, after the displacement, viewing the life in various ways, managing the life overwhelmingly. The process of authentic self realization is a narrative form of comedy-romance which is in a forward-backward-forward direction. This process is divided into seven steps—initiating the aspiration since the childhood, entering into the disliked study area but spontaneously seeking for outlets, not working for a dream job but the energy of Self flowing continuously, a defining event initiating aspiration, trying to make changes and keeping walking into Self.
The meaning of authentic self realization process includes by taking actions not to make regrets, following the feeling and the life shall find its way out, responding to the calling from a Higher Power and accepting its arrangement, making a strong connection with others and with other lives, constructing self’s subjective and being one’s self, having a colourful and sentimental journey, leading a dreaming life and ceasing the day, the dream built in the childhood turning into the contribution to the society, dispelling the life doubts and constructing the meaning of life.
Finally, discussions according to the results and the suggestions for the future researchers were provided.
中文部分
呂旭亞(2011):向心的深處,探尋療癒的真諦。載於易之新譯(2011):榮格心理治療推薦序,7-11。台北:心靈工坊。
吳芝儀(2003):敘事研究的方法論探討。載於齊力、林本炫(主編):質性研究方法與資料分析,143-170。嘉義:南華大學教社所。
林美珠(2000):敘事研究:從生命故事出發。輔導季刊,36(4),27-37。
林曉雲、林俊宏(2011年8月12日):山痴林克孝,早有回不來感觸。自由時報電子報。取自http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/index.htm。
金樹人(1997):生涯諮商與輔導。台北:東華。
金樹人(2004):聽天由命中的安身立命:現代教師生涯鬱悶的百憂解。學生輔導雙月刊,95,27-37。
金樹人(2011):心理位移研究的趣與味:自性化過程的實踐。輔導季刊,47(2),1-6。
侯文詠(2002):我的天才夢。台北:皇冠。
胡幼慧、姚美華(1996):一些質性方法上的思考:信度與效度?如何抽樣?如何收集資料、登錄與分析?載於胡幼慧(主編),質性研究—理論、方法及本土女性研究實例,141-170。台北:巨流。
郭子乾(2008):解悶救人生:郭子乾live show。台北:天下文化。
許育光(2000):敘說研究的初步探討—從故事性思考和互為主體的觀點出發。輔導季刊,36(4),17-26。
郭定原(2007):兩個女生的紫色夢想:薰衣草森林創業傳奇。台北:聯經。
陳美淑(2007):大專院校學生靈性、工作價值觀與生涯抉擇之調查研究:以基督教團契學生為例。國立暨南國際大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
陳盈君(2003):在生命中飛翔—非科班出身戲劇工作者之生涯抉擇。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
郭瓈灧(2010):生涯偶發事件及其同時性之詮釋研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系博士論文。
幾米(2008):幾米故事的開始。台北:大塊文化。
曾信熹(2007):偶發事件對諮商心理師專業發展影響之敘說研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
黃錦鋐(2007):新譯莊子讀本。台北:三民。
楊淑涵(2002):選擇非傳統學習領域之四技女生生涯決定歷程之敘說研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
甄曉蘭(1996):從典範轉移的再思論質的研究崛起的意義。嘉義師院學報,10, 119-146。
蔡昭儀(譯)(2006):在漫長的旅途中(原作者星野道夫)。台北:先覺。
劉淑慧(2005):全人生涯發展模式之構思。載於全人發展取向之輔導與諮商專業人力培育學術研討會手冊,57-105。彰化市:彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系。
蕭景方(2005):打開生命的禮物—幸福生涯之建構與追尋歷程。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
西文部分
Ashar, H., & Lane-maher, M. (2004). Success and spirituality in the new business paradigm. Journal of Management Inquiry, 13(3), 249-260.
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
Bloch, D. P. (1997). Spirituality, intentionality, and career success: The quest for meaning. In D. P. Bloch, & L. J. Richmond (Eds.). Connections between spirit and work in career development: New approaches and practical perspectives (pp3-25). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Bloch, D. P. (2004). Spirituality, complexity, and career counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 343-350.
Bloch, D. P. (2005). Complexity, chaos, and nonlinear dynamics: A new perspective on career development theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 53(3), 194-207.
Bloch, D. P., & Richmond, L. J. (Eds) (1997). Connections between spirit and work in career development: New approaches and practical perspective. Palo Alto, CA: Davies Black.
Brewer, E. W. (2001). Vocational souljourn paradigm: A model of adult development to express spiritual wellness as meaning, being, and doing in work and life. Counseling and Values, 45(2), 83-93.
Brott, P. E. (2001). The storied approach: A postmodern perspective of career counseling. The Career Development Quarterly, 49(4), 304-313.
Campbell, J. (1988). The power of myth. 朱侃如譯(1997):神話。台北:立緒。
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative Inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. 蔡敏玲、余曉雯譯(2003):敘說探究-質性研究中的經驗與故事。台北:心理。
Cochran, L. (1997). Career counseling: A narrative approach. 黃素菲譯(2006):敘事取向的生涯諮商。台北:張老師文化。
Colozzi, E. A., & Colozzi, L. C. (2000). College students' callings and careers: An integrated values-oriented perspective. In D. A. Luzzo (Ed.), Career counseling of college students: An empirical guide to strategies that work (pp. 63–91). Washington, DC: APA.
Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19 (5), 2-14.
Constantine, M. G., Miville, M. L., Warren, A. K., Gainor, K. A., & Lewis-Coles, M. E. L. (2006). Religion, spirituality, and career development in African American college students: A qualitative inquiry. The Career Development Quarterly, 54(3), 227-241.
Corey, G. (2005). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (7th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole.
Crossley, M. L. (2000). Introducing narrative psychology: Self, trauma, and the construction of meaning. 朱儀羚、康萃婷、柯禧慧、蔡欣志、吳芝儀譯(2004):敘事心理與研究-自我、創傷與意義的建構。嘉義:濤石文化。
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1977). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. NY: HarperCollins.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). If we are so rich, why aren’t we happy? American Psychologist, 54, 821-827.
Dalton, J. C. (2001). Career and calling: Finding a place for the spirit in work and community. New Directions for Student Services, 95, 17-25.
Demerouti, E. (2006). Job characteristic, flow, and performance: The moderating role of conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 266-280.
Dudeck, J. M. (2004). The influence of spirituality on the career development of college seniors: An examination of work values. College Student Affairs Journal, 23(2), 185-196.
Duffy, R. D. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and career development: Current status and future directions. The Career Development Quarterly, 55, 52-63.
Duffy, R. D., & Blustein, D. L. (2005). The relationship between spirituality, religiousness, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 429-440.
Duffy, R. D., & Dik, B. J. (2009). Beyond the self: External influences in the career development process. The Career Development Quarterly, 58, 29-43.
Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., & Steger, M. F. (2011). Calling and work-related outcomes: Career commitment as a mediator. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 210-218.
Elangovan, A. R., Pinder, C. C., & McLean, M.(2010). Callings and organizational behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 428-440.
Erikson, M. G. (2007). The meaning of the future: Toward a more specific definition of possible selves. Review of General Psychology, 11(4), 348-358.
Fox, L. A. (2003). The role of the church in career guidance and development: A review of the literature 1960-early 2000s. Journal of Career Development, 29(3), 167-182.
Freedman, J., & Combs, G. (1996). Narrative therapy. 易立新譯(2000):敘事治療—解構並重寫生命的故事。台北:張老師文化。
Gergen, K. J., & Gergen, M. M. (1988). Narrative and the self as relationship. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 17-56). New York: Academic Press.
Gibson, D. E. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 134-156.
Gockel. A. (2004). The trend toward spirituality in the workplace: Overview and implications for career counseling. Journal of Employment Counseling, 41, 156-167.
Guindon, M. H., & Hanna, F. J. (2002). Coincidence, happenstance, serendipity, fate, or the hand of God: Case studies in synchronicity. The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 195-208.
Hall, J. A. (1983). Jungian dream interpretation: Handbook of theory and practice. 廖婉如譯(2006):榮格解夢書—夢的理論與解析。台北:心靈工坊。
Hansen, L. S. (2001). Integrating work, family, and community through holistic life planning. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 261-274.
Henderson, S. J. (2000). Follow your bliss: A process for career happiness. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 305-315.
Jung, C. G.(1954). The development of personality. Collected Works (Vol. 17, R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. (1961). Memories, dreams, reflections. 劉國彬、楊德友譯(1997):榮格自傳:回憶、夢、省思。台北:張老師文化。
Kinjerski, V., & Skrypnek, B. J. (2008). Four paths to spirit at work: Journeys of personal meaning, fulfillment, well-being, and transcendence through work. The Career Development Quarterly, 56, 319-329.
Krumboltz, J. D., & Levin, A. S. (2004). Luck is no accident: Making the most of happenstance in your life and career. 彭慧玲、蔣美華譯(2005):幸運絕非偶然。台北:北極星。
Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis and interpretation. 吳芝儀譯(2008):敘事研究-閱讀、分析與詮釋。嘉義:濤石文化。
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2000). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences, (2nd ed.). In N. Denzin & Lincoln, Y. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 163-188). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002a). Analysing the career concerns of spiritually oriented people: Lessons for contemporary organizations. Career Development International, 7, 385-397.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002b). The influence of spiritual meaning-making on career behavior. The Journal of Management Development, 21, 497-520.
Maglio, A. T., Butterfield, L. D., & Borgen, W. A.( 2005). Existential considerations for contemporary career counseling. Journal of Employment Counseling, 42, 75-92.
Marcus, C. C. (1995). House as a mirror of self. 徐詩思譯(2000):家屋,自我的一面鏡子。台北:張老師文化。
Mather, P. C. (2008). Interns at an international, humanitarian organization: Career pathways and meaning making. Journal of College Student Development, 49(3), 182-198.
Miller-Tiedeman, A. (1997). The lifecareer process theory: A healthier choice. In D. P. Bloch, & L. J. Richmond (Eds.). Connections between spirit and work in career development: New approaches and practical perspectives (pp87-113). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Moore, T. (1993). Care of the soul. 李永平譯(1995):隨心所欲:探尋幽深聖潔的心靈境界。台北:智庫。
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). 吳芝儀、李奉儒譯(1995):質的評鑑與研究。台北:桂冠。
Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2003). The chaos theory of careers. Australian Journal of Career Development, 12(2), 12-20.
Rayburn, C. A. (1997). Vocation as calling: Affirmative response of wrong number. In D. P. Bloch, & L. J. Richmond (Eds.). Connections between spirit and work in career development: New approaches and practical perspectives (pp3-25). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. 王勇智、鄧明宇譯(2003):敘說分析。台北:五南。
Savickas, M. L. (1997). The spirit in career counseling: Fostering self-completion through work. In D. P. Bloch, & L. J. Richmond (Eds.). Connections between spirit and work in career development: New approaches and practical perspectives (pp3-25). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 282-298.
von Franz, M. (1990). Psychotherapy. 易之新譯(2011):榮格心理治療。台北:心靈工坊。
von Franz, M. (1964). The process of individuation. In Carl Gustav (Eds.). Man and his symbols. 龔卓軍譯(1999):人及其象徵:榮格思想精華的總結(pp185-286)。台北:立緒。
Westgate, C. E. (1996). Spiritual wellness and depression. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 26-35.
Williams, E. N., Soeprapto, E., Like, K, Touradji, P., Hess, S., & Hill C. E. (1998). Perceptions of serendipity: Career paths of prominent academic women in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 379-389.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 21−33.