目的：探討大專七人制橄欖球運動員於正式比賽的運動模式，所獲數據將作為制定訓練計畫與替換策略的資訊。方法：本研究共招募12大專七人制橄欖球運動員。受試者將穿戴GPS (global positioning system, GPS) 感測器及內建的三軸加速度計與陀螺儀，於正規的七人制橄欖球比賽中收取總距離 (TD)、相對距離、高強度移動距離 (HIRD)、最大速度 (MS)、平均速度 (AVGS)、衝刺、加速 (ACC)、減速 (DEC)、碰撞、負荷指標與疲勞指標。以重複量數單因子變異數分析考驗各項指標於同半場中分段時間之差異；以相依樣本t檢定考驗各項指標不同半場之差異。結果：本研究收集完整4場正規比賽，並分析14人次打滿全場並未替換下場之人次 (n=14)。主要結果發現在同半場中TD、HIRD、MS、AVGS、衝刺、ACC、DEC皆有發現顯著差異，且在開賽第一分鐘活動水準達到高峰，隨後幾分鐘整體運動表現將呈現下滑跡象，而在第五分鐘活動水準有些為提升之趨勢；然而在不同半場中，上半場與下半場之間並未發現顯著差異。結論：表示隨著比賽時間推移，極短時間內累積的疲勞，將阻礙運動員的運動表現，因此教練應針對比賽所需的體能要求進行訓練或使用替換戰術，以防止高峰活動後體能的衰退。

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the movement patterns of collegiate rugby sevens players during matches. The data obtained will be used to inform training programs and substitution strategies. Methods: Twelve collegiate seven-a-side rugby players were recruited for this study. Participants wore GPS (Global Positioning System) sensors, along with built-in triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes, to collect data during official seven-a-side rugby matches. The parameters recorded included total distance (TD), relative distance, high-intensity running distance (HIRD), maximum speed (MS), average speed (AVGS), sprints, accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC), collisions, load indicators, and fatigue indicators. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in each parameter over segmented time periods within the same half, and paired samples t-tests were used to test for differences between halves. Results: Data were collected from four complete matches, analyzing 14 full-match instances where players were not substituted (n=14). Significant differences were found within the same half for TD, HIRD, MS, AVGS, sprints, ACC, and DEC, with activity levels peaking in the first minute of play and subsequently declining over the next few minutes. A slight increase in activity was observed around the fifth minute. However, no significant differences were found between the first and second halves. Conclusion: The study indicate that fatigue accumulated over a short period during the match hinders athletic performance. Therefore, coaches should tailor training to meet the physical demands of the game or employ substitution strategies to prevent a decline in performance following peak activity.

Ball, S., Halaki, M., & Orr, R. (2019). Movement demands of rugby sevens in men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3475–3490. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003197
Barrett, S., Midgley, A., & Lovell, R. (2014). PlayerLoad™: Reliability, convergent validity, and influence of unit position during treadmill running. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(6), 945-952. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0418
Beato, M., Coratella, G., Stiff, A., & Iacono, A. D. (2018). The validity and between-unit variability of GNSS units (STATSports Apex 10 and 18 Hz) for measuring distance and peak speed in team sports. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01288
Beato, M., De Keijzer, K. L., Carty, B., & Connor, M. (2019). Monitoring fatigue during intermittent exercise with accelerometer-derived metrics. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 780. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00780
Black, G. M., & Gabbett, T. J. (2015). Repeated high-intensity-effort activity in elite and semielite rugby league match play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(6), 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0081
Bredt, S., Chagas, M. H., Peixoto, G. H., Menzel, H. J., & de Andrade, A. G. P. (2020). Understanding player load: Meanings and limitations. Journal of Human Kinetics, 71, 5-9. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0072
Cahill, N., Lamb, K., Worsfold, P., Headey, R., & Murray, S. (2013). The movement characteristics of english premiership rugby union players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(3), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.727456
Couderc, A., Gabbett, T. J., Piscione, J., Robineau, J., Peeters, A., Igarza, G., Thomas, C., Hanon, C., & Lacome, M. (2023). Repeated high-intensity effort activity in international male rugby sevens. Journal Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002986
Crang, Z. L., Duthie, G., Cole, M. H., Weakley, J., Hewitt, A., & Johnston, R. D. (2022). The inter-device reliability of global navigation satellite systems during team sport movement across multiple days. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 25(4), 340-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.11.044
Cruz-Ferreira, A., Cruz-Ferreira, E., Santiago, L., & Taborda Barata, L. (2017). Epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby union sevens: A systematic review. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 45(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1248224
Cunniffe, B., Proctor, W., Baker, J. S., & Davies, B. (2009). An evaluation of the physiological demands of elite rugby union using global positioning system tracking software. Journal Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1195-1203. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3928b
Deutsch, M. U., Kearney, G. A., & Rehrer, N. J. (2007). Time - motion analysis of professional rugby union players during match-play. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(4), 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600631298
Elloumi, M., Makni, E., Moalla, W., Bouaziz, T., Tabka, Z., Lac, G., & Chamari, K. (2012). Monitoring training load and fatigue in rugby sevens players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(3), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34688
Fuller, C. W., Taylor, A., & Molloy, M. G. (2010). Epidemiological study of injuries in international rugby sevens. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20(3), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181df1eea
Furlan, N., Waldron, M., Shorter, K., Gabbett, T. J., Mitchell, J., Fitzgerald, E., Osborne, M. A., & Gray, A. J. (2015). Running-intensity fluctuations in elite rugby sevens performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(6), 802–807. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0315
Gabbett T. J. (2013). Influence of the opposing team on the physical demands of elite rugby league match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1629–1635. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318274f30e
Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: Should athletes be training smarter and harder?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788
Gabbett, T. J. (2023). The "worst-case scenario": Recovery between repeated high-intensity efforts in rugby league match-play. Sports Health, 15(5), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381221139437
Gabbett, T. J., & Ullah, S. (2012). Relationship between running loads and soft-tissue injury in elite team sport athletes. Journal Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 953-960. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182302023
Higham, D. G., Pyne, D. B., Anson, J. M., & Eddy, A. (2012). Movement patterns in rugby sevens: Effects of tournament level, fatigue and substitute players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(3), 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.256
Higham, D. G., Pyne, D. B., Anson, J. M., & Eddy, A. (2013). Physiological, anthropometric, and performance characteristics of rugby sevens players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.1.19
Higham, D. G., Pyne, D. B., Anson, J. M., Hopkins, W. G., & Eddy, A. (2016). Comparison of activity profiles and physiological demands between international rugby sevens matches and training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1287–1294. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSC.0000000000000212
King, T., Jenkins, D., & Gabbett, T. (2009). A time-motion analysis of professional rugby league match-play. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(3), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802538168
Lee, M., Soo, J., Yeo, V., Aziz, A. R., & Ihsan, M. (2022). Running demands and activity profile of men's rugby sevens: A tournament scenario. Biology of Sport, 39(3), 529-535. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.107023
McLellan, C. P., Lovell, D. I., & Gass, G. C. (2011). Performance analysis of elite rugby league match play using global positioning systems. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1703-1710. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddf678
A., Carling, C., Piscione, J., & Lacome, M. (2019). In-match physical performance fluctuations in international rugby sevens competition. Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine, 18(3), 419-426.
Rienzi, E., Reilly, T., & Malkin, C. (1999). Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of Rugby Sevens players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39(2), 160-164.
Ross, A., Gill, N., & Cronin, J. (2014). Match analysis and player characteristics in rugby sevens. Sports Medicine, 44(3), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0123-0
Suarez-Arrones, L. J., Nuñez, F. J., Portillo, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Running demands and heart rate responses in men rugby sevens. Journal Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3155-3159. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318243fff7
Wintershoven, K., Beaven, C. M., Gill, N. D., & McMaster, D. T. (2023). New zealand youth rugby sevens: A Comparative match demands study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(2), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020041